466 
J0UR2TAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AHD  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
November  ll,  1898;. 
National  Chrysanthemum  Society. 
A  Floral  Committee  meeting  of  this  Society  was  held  on  Monday 
iMt  at  the  Royal  Aquarium.  Mr.  Thos.  Bevan  occupying  the  chair.  The 
exhibits  were  not  over-numerous,  but  the  general  average  quality  was 
itigh,  and  there  was  a  full  attendance  of  members. 
Among  the  best  flowers  exhibited,  Madame  Paul  Lacroix,  a  large 
Japanese,  with  very  long  florets,  drooping  and  twisted,  colour  pure 
white,  flushed  and  tinted  sulphur  yellow,  was  well  spoken  of.  Matthew 
Hodgson,  a  Japanese,  deep  reddish  terra-cotta,  with  golden  reverse,  was 
commended,  as  was  Golden  Nugget,  a  richly  coloured  golden  yellow 
bloom  of  the  old  incurved  type.  Royal  Standard,  a  long  petalled 
Japanese,  a  very  deep  rich  wine  coloured  crimson,  with  golden  reverse, 
was  also  commended.  Other  noteworthy  flowers  were  Mrs.  G.  W. 
Palmer,  Le  Rh6ne,  Lord  Justice  Lopes,  Madame  Ph.  Rivoire,  and  Lady 
Northcote. 
First-class  certificates  were  awarded  as  follows 
Golden  Elsie,— A  small  decorative  Japanese  variety.  A  sport  from 
Elsie,  which  was  submitted  under  the  name  of  Golden  Ball ;  colour 
a  pure  golden  yellow.  It  was  considered  useful  as  a  market  variety. 
From  Mr.  Budger,  Southampton. 
Mr.  Hugh  Gardiner.— Tihii  is  a  good  sized  Japanese  Anemone  with 
long  drooping  and  rather  narrow  guard  florets ;  colour  deep  rosy 
amaranth,  paling  off  at  the  base  of  the  florets  to  white  ;  disc  yellow 
tinted  mauve.  Staged  by  Mr.  S.  Fily. 
Mustayha. — A  Japanese  incurved  of  enormous  dimensions.  The 
florets  are  rather  broad  and  grooved,  the  blooms  massive  and  substantial, 
colour  pure  waxy  white.  Shown  by  Mr.  C.  Gibson. 
Duchess  of  Mfe, — Another  large  Japanese  incurved,  but  more 
globular  in  form  than  the  preceding.  Very  compact  in  build,  medium 
grooved  florets,  colour  pure  white.  This  came  from  Mr.  Edwin  Molyneux. 
Samian  Gev.. — A  very  large  Japanese  with  tips  of  the  florets  curly. 
Colour  golden  reddish  bronze  with  golden  reverse,  outer  shaded  rosy 
carmine.  Exhibited  by  Mr.  B.  Beckett. 
Mrs.  C.  Orchard. — A  Japanese  incurved,  very  fine,  solid,  and  large  ; 
broad  grooved  florets,  curly  at  the  tips.  Colour  pure  white  shaded  cream. 
From  the  same  exhibitor  as  the  preceding. 
French  Chrysanthemum  Names. 
The  difficulty  in  which  your  young  correspondent  “Five  and  Twenty  ” 
sometimes  finds  himself  is  no  doubt  often  experienced  by  older  and  perhaps 
more  skilful  cultivators.  So  many  of  the  popular  varieties  bear  French 
names  and  must  necessarily  be  pronounced  scores  of  times  during  the 
season,  that  it  must  indeed  occur  to  a  large  number  of  inquiring  men 
who  are  unacquainted  with  the  French  language  as  to  whether  their 
mode  of  pronunciation  is  correct  or  not. 
It  is,  of  course,  advisable  to  get  as  near  the  proper  pronunciation  as 
possible,  but  I  can  safely  affirm  that  there  are  some  sounds  in  French 
that  it  is  quite  impossible  to  represent  by  means  of  the  English  alphabet, 
more  particularly  perhaps  the  nasal  sounds  and  the  combinations  of  the 
letter  “  u.”  However,  I  am  pleased  to  do  my  best  in  explaining  those 
that  your  correspondent  has  selected  as  being  specially  difficult  for  him, 
and  in  doing  so  I  must  say  that  in  the  nasal  sounds  of  an,  om,  he  must 
pronounce  them  as  ang  or  ong,  but  cutting  the  sound  cff  before  Le 
touches  the  letter  g,  and  so  it  will  more  resemble  ahn  or  ohn.  The  exact 
sound  of  u  can  only  be  learnt  from  a  native.  It  is  something  like  the 
English  letter  e  just  sounded,  and  then  continued  with  the  lips  placed  as 
if  the  speaker  were  about  to  whistle.  Underneath  I  give  the  French 
names  with  the  pronounciation  in  as  near  phonetic  English  as  I  can. 
Madame  Carnot . . 
•Tardiu  des  Plantes 
Al('yon 
Belle  France 
Comtesse  de  Beauregard 
Etoile  du  Midi  . . 
Fran9oi8  Belau.x 
T.0  Triomphante 
Mdlle.  Lacroix  . . 
Monsieur  Jules  Lefebvre 
Mont  Bianr 
Roi  des  preeoees. . 
Triomphede  la  rue  ues  ChMel 
Chevalier  Domage  .. 
Fleur  de  Marie  . . 
L’ami  Laytou  .. 
M.  Panckoucke  . . 
Madame  Ther&se  Clos 
La  Yi^rge  , , 
Soeur  Melanie  . . 
La  Petite  Marie. . 
Bouquet  sgduisante 
Souvenir  de  I.ondres  . . 
Bouquet  des  dames 
Gloirc  raj  onnante 
Ma-dam  Camo 
Zhar-dahn  dayplahnte 
Al-see-ohn 
Bel  Frahnce 
Cohntess  d’bo-regar 
Ay-twal  dew  mee-dee 
Frahn-swa  Day-lo 
La  Tree-ohn-fahnt 
Mad-mwa-zel  Laerwa 
M’seeu  Zhule  Lefayvre 
Mohn  Blabn 
Rwa  day  pray-coss 
Tree-ohuf  d'la  rew  day  Shalay 
Shev-aliay  Do-mazhe 
Fler  d’mar-ree 
Lamee  lay-too 
M’seeu  Pahnkook 
Ma-dam  Tayrace  CIo 
La  Yee-air-zhe 
Sir  ^lay-lan-ec 
La  p’teet  Mar-ree 
Bookay  say-dwee-zahn 
Soov-neer  d’Lohndre 
Boo-kay  day  dam 
Glwar  ray  you-nahnt 
Of  course  many  friends  will  point  out  imperfections  in  the  system 
I  have  adopted,  but  if  “  Five  and  Twenty  ”  will  see  that  his  a’s  are 
broadly  sounded,  except  where  modified  by  a  y,  he  will  get  as  near 
the  real  sound  as  I  can  possibly  help  him. — 0.  H.  P, 
New  Chrysanthemums. 
It  will  be  interesting  to  learn  the  judgment  of  the  experts  on  the 
novelties  in  large-flowered  Chrysanthemums  of  the  year.  I  do  not 
observe  so  far  mention  of  anything,  neither  have  I  seen  anything  that 
stands  out  specially  fine,  nor  is  in  any  way  distinctively  novel.  We  hav& 
not  made  any  appreciable  advance  in  distinctness,  but  there  is- 
undoubted  development  of  size,  if  that  be  merit.  There  is  not  a  more- 
beautiful  flower  or  a  finer  one  than  is  Viviand  Morel  or  its  sport  Charles 
Davis,  or  Madame  Carnot,  and  some  others  already  in  commerce.  Last 
year  the  additions  in  Japs  were  numerous  and  wonderfully  good .  Ifc 
seems  doubtful  whether  we  shall  get  far  beyond  them  for  some  time. 
No  doubt  gardeners  and  amateurs  will  not  be  sorry  if  tne  year’s- 
novelties  be  few.  Western  King  is  no  doubt  a  fine  white,  but  then 
we  have  fine  whites  innumerable,  and  far  ton  many  of  them — so  much 
alike  in  form.  Modesto  is  again  a  grand  yellow,  and  because  of  its 
incurved  character  is  a  good  keeper.  Still,  how  many  good  yellows  we 
have  already  ?  la  incurveds  nothing  specially  new  so  far  seems  to 
have  been  presented,  and  some  of  our  latest  novelties  do  not  give 
that  perfection  and  incurved  character  found  in  the  Queen  and 
Princess  types.  With  these,  as  with  the  Japs,  size  ia  not  everything^ 
C.  H.  Curtis  is  perhaps  the  finest,  but  its  peta's  are  rather  narrow  and- 
pointed,  lacking  that  broad  rounded  sbell-like  form  of  the  Queen 
blooms.  However,  the  incurved  had  become  somewhat  stagnated,  so  that 
C.  H,  Curtis,  C.  B,  Whitnall,  Robert  Cannell,  Major  Bonaffon,  and 
some  others  seem,  if  for  size  alone,  to  have  been  greatly  welcomed. 
Considering  how  successful  some  of  the  French  raisers  have  been,  it  wa» 
a  matter  for  surprise  to  find  them  sending  to  the  Jubilee  show  such 
poor  flowers.— A.  D. 
COLOUR  IN  Chrysanthemum  Blooms. 
Each  season  seems  to  leave  its  own  peculiar  effect  upon  the  character 
of  Chrysanthemum  blooms ;  sometimes  we  find  size  and  substance 
notable  characteristics,  at  others  flowers  decidedly  under  the  average  in 
regard  to  mere  size  are  greatly  enhanced  in  appearance  by  their  vivid 
colouring,  but  it  is  seldom  indeed  that  we  find  those  three  desirable- 
attributes — viz.,  size,  solidity,  and  colour,  found  in  combination  among^ 
blooms  generally.  This  is  perhaps  due  in  some  measure  to  the  fact  that 
very  large  flowers  take  so  long  a  time  to  fully  expand  that  the  colour 
must  inevitably  fade  by  the  time  that  stage  of  development  is 
reached,  hence  the  reason  why  second  crown  or  terminal  buds  usually 
produce  flowers  far  superior  in  colour  to  those  obtained  from  early 
crown  buds.  There  is  a  harshness  about  these  early  buds  which  make 
them  comparatively  so  much  longer  in  unfolding  their  florets  that  the 
little  gained  in  size  is  much  more  than  overbalanced  by  the  superiority 
in  colour  of  flowers  from  late  buds. 
Independent  of  the  above,  however,  each  season  seems  to  have  a- 
different  effect  upon  each  class  of  buds.  Take  for  instance  that  popular 
variety  Yiviand  Morel  and  its  sport  Charles  Davis  ;  late  buds  last  year 
produced  flowers  of  grand  depth,  but  the  colour  was  uot  generally  good. 
In  the  case  of  Yiviand  Morel  the  colour  was  pale  rather  than  deep  rich 
rose.  This  season,  however,  the  colour  is  wonderfully  bright  and  rich, 
by  no  means  corresponding  with  the  catalogue  descriptions.  Good  blooms 
of  Charles  Davis  were  last  year  of  a  bright  bronze  colour,  this  season  they 
are  of  a  much  deeper  shade,  and  in  some  instances  might  almost  be  de¬ 
scribed  as  brown  red  or  terra-cotta,  a  shade  of  colour  which  is  decidedly 
attractive.  That  fine  variety  Thomas  Wilkins  was  last  season  frequently 
exhibited  as  a  clear  yellow  flower,  but  during  the  last  few  weeks  I  have 
seen  many  floWers  of  a  deep  chrome  yellow,  which  stamps  it  at  once  as 
a  fine  telling  bloom.  Yioletta  is  also  now  showing  its  true  colour — viz , 
violet  rose,  and  I  venture  to  predict  that  at  many  shows  this  will  be  seen 
in  fine  condition,  Richard  Dean,  Duke  of  York,  and  Beauty  of  Teign» 
mouth  are  this  year  wonderfully  rich  in  colour,  and  will,  I  think, 
become  firmly  established  as  standard  varieties .  I  shall  be  much  s-jt- 
prised  if  the  high  encomiums  bestowed  upon  Duchess  of  York  by  Mr. 
E.  Molyneux  are  not  shortly  amply  justified.  Complaints  were  rife 
last  year  that  its  flowers  lacked  size,  but  I  have  lately  seen  grand  blooms 
of  it.  The  flowers  do  not  seem  to  suffer  in  the  least  from  damp,  and 
last  a  long  time  when  fully  expanded. 
Among  the  incurved  Chas.  Curtis  ia  of  a  beautiful  golden  colour,  anti 
Mr.  Robinson  King  promises  to  produce  a  better  percentage  of  good 
blooms.  Yiolet  Tomlin,  Lucy  Kendal,  and  Lord  Rosebery  are  alsa 
wonderfully  good  In  point  of  colour.  Granted  that  the  above  is,  the 
experience  of  growers  generally,  the  question  arises,  To  what  can  we 
attribute  this  good  colour  in  Chrysantbemum  blooms  this  season  ’  This, 
of  course,  opens  up  a  wide  field  for  argument,  and  doubtless  growers, 
will  entertain  very  divergent  opinions  upon  the  matter,  and  I  fancy  *he 
statement  of  such  opinions  in  the  pages  of  the  Journal  of  Horticulture 
will  prove  both  interesting  and  instructive. 
We  all  know  that  various  soils  and  manures  play  an  important  part 
in  influencing  the  colour  of  flowers,  but  then  these  are  used  each  year 
with  varying  results,  so  that  in  the  case  in  point  they  can  be  left  out  of 
consideration.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  a  somtion  of  the  problem 
will  be  found  in  climatic  conditions,  A  certain  amount  of  light  is 
necessary  to  give  high  colour  to  flowers,  but  as  far  .is  Chrysanthemums 
are  concerned  bright  sunny  weather  seems  to  draw  the  colour  out  of  the 
flowers  if  shading  is  not  resorted  to  while  they  are  expanding.  It  so 
happens  that  this  season  while  the  early  blooms  were  expanding  the 
weather  was  extremely  dull  and  wet ;  much  less  shade  was  therefore 
given,  and  the  flowers  were  thus  exposed  to  the  full  influence  of  light, 
a  subdued  light  'tis  true,  as  the  sun  was  usually  obscured  by  clouds  f 
but  I  think  it  shows  us  that  dull  -weather  without  shade  is  more  con¬ 
ducive  to  high  colocr  in  blooms  than  is  bright  weather  when  shade  has' 
to  be  given.  What  say  other  “  mum  ”  growers  ? — A  Fever-strickesl 
Patient. 
