Novettlbex  1&,  1808, 
JOVmAL  OP  HOlO'iVUlWRP  AKT)  COTTAGE  GABbESER. 
803' 
S-- 
expenaive  preparations,  as  kalnit  supplies  sulphates  of  both  potash  and 
magnesia,  and  if  applied  in  autumn  to  earl^y  spring  the  salt  it  contains 
is  washed  away  to  a  great  extent  before  setting  time,  then  superphos¬ 
phate  or,  on  dry  soils,  fish  meal  acts  well.  The  thing,  however,  is  to 
kill  the  spores  on  the  seed  Potatoes,  bearing  in  mind  tuat  the  corrosive 
sublimate  is  a  viralent  poison,  and  every  treated  set  should  be  planted. 
Sometimes  the  smat  fangus  (Tabercini®  scabies)  attacks  Potatoes,  and 
is  distinguished  by  discoloured  blotches  on  the  skin.  No  Potatoes 
showing  traces  of  this  fungus  should  be  planted.  It  is,  however,  not 
common.  Then  there  is  scabbing  that  has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with 
fungi,  but  is  caused  by  the  presence  in  the  soil  of  some  irritating  or 
corrosive  substance,  such  as  ashes,  containing  potassic  substances-. 
Continued  drought  and  sudden  changes  may  also  produce  it,  the  skin 
being  iujured,  and  then  the  plant  strives  to  repair  the  injury,  a  hard 
scab  originating.  If  you  forward  specimen,  carefully  wrapped  in  paper 
and  packed  in  a  box  with  moss,  so  as  not  to  .  move  about  and  get 
damaged,  we  may  be  able  to  tell  you  more  precisely  to  what  the 
scabbing  is  due. 
Treatment  of  Tomatoes  (F.  Z.,  BeVant'). — The  difficulty  you 
have  experienced  in  not  knowing  the  best  method  of  removing 
superfluous  growths  from  Tomatoes  we  will  endeavour  to  make  plain. 
Tomatoes  fruit  on  the  main  stems,  usually  midway  between  the  main 
leaves.  Plants  in  pots  are  best  confined  to  one  stem,  and  this  is 
managed  by  rubbing  out  all  growths  which  spring  from  the  axils  of 
the  leaves  on  the  stem  as  soon  as  the  growths  attain  to  an  inch  In 
length.  These  side  growths  start  when  the  plants  attain  to  a  foot 
in  height,  and  continue  to  appear  as  the  plants  extend.  If  you  rub 
them  out  early  you  will  never  have  superfluous  growth.  The  Perfec¬ 
tion  type  of  Tomato  is  a  good  one  to  grow. 
Cbrysanthemum  and  Cineraria  Iieaves  Injured  {J,  6'.). — 
The  Cbrysanihemara  leaves  are  badly  intested  with  the  Cnrysanthemum 
leaf-miner  (Tryptera  artemisi®),  which  is  now  in  the  pupa  state, 
specimen  of  which  you  may  find  in  leaves  on  the  under  side,  varying  in 
colour  from  pale  brown  to  black.  In  some  cases  you  may  notice  a 
small  hole  in  the  cuticle  of  the  leaf,  through  which  the  fly  has 
emerged  from  the  pupal  case,  which  is  left  behind  in  the  leaf  tissue. 
The  fly  thus  taking  flight  pairs  with  another,  and  the  female 
shortly  afterwards  deposits  eggs  ia  the  leaves  of  various  plants 
of  the  natural  order  Composit®,  such  as  Chrysanthemum,  Cineraria, 
and  Marguerites,  and  from  these  hatch  minute,  fleshy,  legless  maggots, 
pointed  at  the  head  and  bluot  at  the  tail,  dirty  white  or  pale  greenish 
yellow  in  colour.  They  feed  on  the  tissue  of  the  leaf  immediately 
beneath  the  cuticle  on  both  the  upper  and  under  side  of  the  leaves  of 
CbrysaDthemums  (^mcluding  Marguerites),  forming  mines  clearly 
defined  on  the  leaf  by  the  whitish  marks.  When  the  numerous  mines 
run  together  they  form  blisters,  which  caufc  the  parts  to  wither,  and  in 
some  cases  ruining  the  appearance  of  the  plants.  Wben  the  maggots 
are  full-fed  the  skin  hardens,  and  they  turn  to  brown  or  black  oval¬ 
shaped  pup®,  with  two  horn-like  projections  at  the  anterior  and  two 
curved  hook-like  processes  at  the  posterior  end  in  the  leaf,  and  when 
ready  to  emerge  they  emit  a  secretion  softening  and  breaking  through 
the  pupa  case  and  the  hardened  cuticle  of  the  leaf  ;  thus  the  fly  gains  a 
free  perfect  existence.  It  is  about  three-sixteenths  of  an  inch  in  length, 
and  of  an  ashy  grey  colour,  due  to  the  hair,  with  dark  eyes  and  transparent 
wings,  having  a  bluish  lustre.  Tuere  are  several  broods  in  a  season  ; 
indeed,  the  pest  continues  under  glass  the  whole  year  round,  but  is 
most  dirastrous  to  Chrysanthemums  and  Marguerites  in  late  summer  and 
autumn.  Outdoors  the  late  broods  pupate  on  the  dead  leaves  or  some¬ 
times  earth  over  winter,  the  flies  appearing  in  May.  Oa  Cinerarias 
the  maggots  usually  make  a  long  mine,  and  do  most  damage  at  the  leaf 
margin,  causing  the  part  there  to  wither.  On  these  plants  it  usually 
suffices  to  pinch  the  leaf  at  the  ead  of  the  mine  between  tbe  finger  and 
thamb,  so  as  to  crush  the  maggot,  and  this  is  also  a  good  practice  to 
follow  on  Chrysanthemum  leaves.  In  bad  cases  the  leaves  should  be 
removed  and  burnt.  As  a  preventive  the  plarts  may  be  sprayed 
occasionally  with  soluble  petroleum  solution,  which  will  render  the 
leaves  noxious  to  the  flierf  and  prevent  egg  deposition.  Under  glass,  and 
even  outdoors,  we  have  found  such  treatment  efiectual,  the  flies  appear¬ 
ing  to  hate  either  nicotine  or  tobacco  ;  heuce  this  is  useful  as  a  preventive, 
either  as  fames  or  as  decoction.  If  strips  of  card  paper,  coaied  on  both 
sides  with  myocum  gum,  are  placed  on  split  sticks  amongst  the  plants, 
the  flies  alight  on  them  and  become  transfixed.  We  found  this  the  best 
of  all  plans  for  saving  large  Marguerites  under  glass  from  the  rav^ge8  of 
the  maggots,  the  plants  being  lightly  sprayed  with  soluble  petroleum  or 
a.  solution  of  nicotine  e.-sence.  Besides,,  either  kill  the  grubs  in  the  leaven, 
as  they  work  just  beneath  tbe  cuticle  and  it  sinks  through  the  skin  into 
the  mines.  Yon  are  no  doubt  aware  that  the  Cinerarias  swarm  with 
aphis.  Fumigate  the  plants  with  tobacco,  for  such  fine-leaved  plants — 
the  largest  we  have  seen — deserve  every  care. 
KTames  of  Trults  (IF.  H.  P.). — West  of  England  seedlings, .of 
which  local  names  might:  posbibly  be  procured  from  a  neighbouring 
fruit  grower.  (A.  M.  6'.). — 1,  Warner’s  King  ;  2,  Golden  Spire  ;  3 
Greenup’s  Pippin  ;  4,  Lewis’  Incomparable.  Pear  Beurr^  Lombard. 
The  plant  is  an  Aloe,  but  the  species  is  undeterminable.  (Z/.  H.')  — 
Your  specimens  are  probably  local  seedlings  that  abound  in  tbe  western 
counties  ;  try  a  neighbouring'  fruit  grower  for  the  names.  (P.  6'.). — 
1,  Maltster  ;  2,  Bishop’s  Thumb  ;  3,  Uurondeau  ;  4,  Hacon’s  Incom¬ 
parable  ;  5,  Nouvelle  Fulvie  ;  6,  Bearr6  Superfin.  {J,  F). — 1.  Due 
d’Anmale  ;  2,  small  Beurrti  d’Amanlis  ;  3,  Marie  Louise  d’Uccle  ; 
4,  hard  ;  6,  Beurib  d’Aremberg  ;  G,  Apple  New  Hawthornden. 
Ifames  of  Tlantu  (J. J).)—Acet  Schwedleri.  {Ifovice). — Chrys¬ 
anthemums  are  florists’  flowers  that  can  only  be  named  by  comparison. 
CO’FENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— Novembek  ISte. 
FBUIT. 
Apples,  J  Steve . 
Filberts’audOobSjperlOOlbs. 
lirapes,  per  lb . 
Asparafrns,  per  100  ..  . 
Beans ,  i  sieve  . .  . .  . 
Beet.  BAl.doeeu . . 
Oarrots,  bunch . . 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  .. 
Celery,  bundle . 
Ooleworts,  dozen  bnnchei 
Ououmbers,  dozen  ..  .. 
Endive,  dozen  . . 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
Lettuce,  dozen . 
Mgahrooms,  per  lb.  ..  . 
t. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
•. 
<1, 
8. 
d. 
1 
3  to  2 
6 
Lemons,  case  ,.  .. 
11 
0  to  14 
0 
25 
0 
27 
6 
Plums, )  sieve  ..  .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
1 
6 
St.  Miobael  Pines,  eaob 
•  • 
8 
0 
8 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
d. 
6. 
d. 
a. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
0 
0 
to  u 
0 
Mustard  and  Oress,  punnet 
0 
2  to  0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Onions,  bushel  ..  .. 
•  • 
3 
6 
4 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen  bunohos 
•  • 
2 
0 
i 
U 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Parsnips,  dozen  ..  .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Potatoes,  per  owt.  . . 
•  • 
2 
0 
4 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Balsafy,  bundle  ..  .. 
1 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Sciikale,  per  basket  . . 
•  • 
1 
6 
1 
9 
1 
0 
8 
6 
Scorzouera,  bundle  .. 
• 
1 
6 
0 
0 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Shallots,  per  lb  ,.  .. 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Spinach,  pad  ..  .. 
n 
0 
4 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Sprout?,  half  sieve  .. 
•  • 
1 
6 
1 
9 
1 
3 
0 
0 
•  Tomatoes,  per  lb.  ,. 
•  • 
u 
4 
0 
(' 
0  10 
1 
0 
0 
3 
0 
6 
a. 
Arbor  Vit«  (various)  doz.  6 
Aspidistra,  dozen  ..  ..18 
Aspidistra,  specimen  plant  6 
Ohrysanthemnms,  per  doz.  4 
„  per  plant  1 
Dracaena,  various,  dozen  . .  18 
Dracaena  viridis,  dozen  . .  9 
Erica,  per  dozen . 9 
„  byema.is,  per  dozen  18 
Buonymus,  var.,  dozen  ..  6 
Bverpreens.  in  variety, 
dozen  . 6  0 
Pema  in  variety, dozen  ..  4  0 
PLANTS 
d.  a.  d. 
0  to  36  0 
0  36  0 
10  8 
9  0 
2  0 
30  0 
18  0 
18  0 
18  0 
IS  0 
94  0 
18  0 
IN  POTS. 
j  Ferliv  (small)  per  hundred 
'  Ficus  elastica,  each  ..  .. 
Foliage  plants,  var.  each 
Hyacinths  (Roman),  dozen 
pots . 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  ..  .. 
Marguerite  Daisy,  dozen.. 
Myrtles,  dozen  . .  . .  . . 
Palms,  in  var..  eaob  ..  .. 
,,  (specimens ..  .. 
Pelargoniums,  per  dozen .. 
Primula  sinensis,  per  dozen 
Solaunma,  per  dozen  . .  . . 
d.  s.  d. 
0  to  6  u 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRIOBS.— ODT  FLO  WBR3.— Orchid  Blooms 
Arum  Lilies,  18  blooms  .. 
Asparagus  Fern,  per  bunoh 
Bouvardias,  bunoh  .. 
Oarnations,  12  blooms  . . 
Ohrysanthemums,  dozen 
bunches  . 
Qhrysanihemnma,12  blooms 
Eucharis,  dozen . 
Gardenias,  dozen  ..  .. 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bunches . 
Hyacinths  (Roman).  18 
sprays,  and  per  bunch  .. 
Lilac,  White  <Prenohj,  per 
bunch  . 
Lilium  longiflorum,  twelve 
blooms  . 
.,  laiicifolium,  12  blooms 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  Iflsprajs, 
per  bunch . 
Mara-uerites,  IS  bunches  . . 
Maidenhair  Pern,  per  dozen 
bnnehes  ..  ..  ..  •• 
B.  d.  s. 
6  0  to  8 
.2  0  2 
0  8  0 
0  6 
d. 
0 
6 
9 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
8  0 
1  0 
6  0 
8  0 
1  6 
0  9 
1  0 
4  0 
10 
3 
2 
3 
8  0 
Mignonette,  pet  dozen 
bunches  . . 
Mimosa  (Frerch)  per  bach 
NarcUs,  White  (French), 
dozen  bunches . 
Orchids,  various,  per  dozen 
blo-ms  . 
Pelargoniums.  12  bunches 
Pyrethrum,  dozen  ouucbes 
Roses  (indoor),  dozen 
„  Tea,  white,  dozen  . . 
„  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
,,  Red,  dozen  blooms  .. 
„  Safrano  (Buglieh), 
dozen . 
,,  Pink,  per  dozen  . .  . . 
Smilax,  per  bunch  ..  .. 
StephanOtis,  dozen  sprays 
Tuberoses.  12  blooms. . 
Violet  Pacme,  per  bunoh  . . 
„  per  doz.  bunches  .. 
„  (French),  per  dozen 
bunches  . .  . . 
1 
0 
T 
0 
1 
0 
S 
0 
8 
0 
10 
0 
3 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
6 
0 
9 
0 
1 
0 
IS 
0 
St 
0 
63 
0 
6 
0 
9 
0 
4' 
0 
6 
0 
12 
0 
15 
0 
ims  in  variety 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d, 
3 
0 
to  6 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
3 
0 
8 
0 
1 
6 
12 
0 
4 
n 
6 
0 
1 
6 
3 
0 
0 
6 
1 
6 
0 
9 
8 
0 
3 
0 
6 
0 
1 
0 
1 
6 
1 
0 
2 
U 
3 
0 
6 
0 
3 
0 
4 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
0 
8 
U 
9 
3 
0 
4 
0 
1 
6 
8 
0 
1 
6 
0 
0 
BILLS  OF  MORTALITY. 
Facts  are  apt  to  grow  with  time  ;  rumour  and  tradition  are 
always  unreliable.  Few  minds  can  rosiit  the  embellishment  of  a 
tale  or  figures,  and  evil  reports  are  more  apt  to  be  exaggerated  than 
good  ones.  In  times  of  common  plague  or  sickness  the  tendency 
is  to  donble  the  death  rate  and  to  magnify  the  ills  suffered,  hence 
has  arisen  the  great  need  for  properly  authorised  returns  taken  by 
competent  people.  In  facing  a  foe  it  is  well  to  know  his  strength, 
and  it  is  well  also  to  count  our  slain— thus  may  we  better  prepare 
for  any  future  onslaught.  For  some  time  human  ills  have  been 
Classified,  and  statements  (properly  authenticated)  of  the  causes  of 
deith  laid  before  the  public.  To  be  forewarned  is  to  be  fore¬ 
armed,  and  what  the  various  medical  officers  of  Great  Britain  have 
been  doing  for  us  is  now  done  by  the  veterinary  department  for 
live  stock.  The  report  for  1895  is  before  us  now,  this  first  week  in 
November.  Dare  we  say  it  is  a  little  late  in  making  its  appearance  ? 
Are  the  Government  printers  to  blame,  or  who  ?  However,  here 
it  is,  and  we  iuppose  should  be  thankful  for  imall  mercies. 
