November  54, 1898.' 
JOVnnAL  OP  HORTlCULTVkP  AlTD  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
527 
lime,  in  which  form  it  is  takea  in  by  the  roots  of  the  plant  and  utilised 
in  building  «p  its  structures  healthily,  and  of  firm  enduring  texture.  The 
lime  ts  particularly  useful  when  peat  soil  is  used.  In  certain  cases  we 
have  found  a  little  sulphate  of  iron  usefal,  one>eighth  of  an  ounce 
to  a  gallon  of  water,  applying  about  once  a  week  when  growing. 
Tomato  Plants  for  House  (22.  J.  C."). — You  give  the  width  of 
the  house,  but  not  its  length,  yet  ask  us  how  many  plants  you  will 
require  ?  As  the  house  is  a  thrce*quarter  span  roof  with  eastern  aspect, 
we  should  have  single  cordons  trained  up  the  roof  from  the  front  at 
2  feet  apart,  and  similarly  to  the  back  wall  and  up  the  short  roof, 
with  a  row  of  upright  cordons  two-thirds  the  width  of  the  house  from 
the  front.  This  would  give  as  many  plants  as  there  would  be  room  for, 
bat  perhaps  you  can  improve  upon  such  arrangement.  Nothing  is 
gained  by  crowding  the  plants,  but  so  long  as  there  is  room  fo'r 
them  to  properly  develop,  economy  of  space  is  a  consideration  in  such 
matters  and  depends  to  some  extent  on  the  variety  and  soil.  The 
earliest  time  it  would  be  advisable  to  start  with  such  house  is  the  new 
year  for  raising  plants,  having  them  strong  for  planting  out  by  the 
middle  of  February  to  early  in  March.  The  sturdier  the  plants  the 
better,  therefore  raise  in  a  light  house  and  keep  them  near  the  glass,  so 
as  to  secure  short- jointed  plants  from  the  start,  and  showing  for  fruit 
when  not  more  than  18  inches  in  height. 
IMClxlngr  Black  Sulpbur  with  Soil  for  Cbrysantliemums  to 
Prevent  IVXlldew  (G.  H.  J.). — Blacx  sulphur  (vivum)  is  only  an 
impure  form  ot  flowers  of  sulphur,  and  has  been  in  nse  by  gardeners  for 
more  than  a  century  as  a  combined  fungicide  and  insecticide,  and  has 
even  been  advised  for  applying  to  the  soil.  Any  value  it  may  have  there 
is  probably  due  to  the  sulphate  of  iron  it  contains  rather  than  to  the 
sulphur,  which  must  combihe^ith  an  acid  to  form  sulphuric  acid,  and 
that  with  a  base,  the  sulphate  thus  formed  being  soluble  is  taken  into 
the  plant  in  the  soil  water.  If  the  soil  contains  a  fair  amount  of  organic 
matter  and  a  due  proportion  of  mineral  substances  it  would  not  do  any 
harm,  but  the  quantity  is  somewhat  more  than  we  have  experience  of  it, 
and  would  probably  result  in  the  production  of  so  much  acid  as  to  prove 
injurious  to  the  plapts.  Only  the  sulphate  can  enter  the  plants,  and 
wnat  form  of  sulphate  you  get  will  depend  upon  the  bases  in  the  soil,  or 
in  that  supplied  by  using  the  black  or  sulphur  vivum,  which,  as  before 
stated,  contains  a  little  sulphate  of  iron.  The  black  sulphur  is  much 
cheaper  than  flowers  of  sulphur,  and  on  that  account  preferred  for 
dusting  on  plants  affected  with  mildew,  besides  not  having  so  glaring  an 
appearance,  while  some  consider  it  is  more  effective.  If  you  make  the 
experimeot  there  is  little  chance  of  its  bettering  anything  but  the  mildew, 
for  the  01  Hums  appreciate  sulphate  as  organised  by  the  plant,  and  as 
manure  sulphur  is  much  better  applied  in  an  available  form,  yet  there  is 
a  chance,  as  sulphate  of  iron  certainly  hardens  the  epidermal  tissues,  or 
rather  the  plant  uses  the  sulphur  for  energising  its  protoplasm  and 
rejects  the  iron  or  places  it  outside. 
KTames  of  Fruits. — Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  /»  conseqtten.ce  of  the  large  numher  of  worthless  Apples  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  be  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved^  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior, 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of 
senders  of  fruit  or  flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with 
the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or 
not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials 
suflBlcing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  nam^  at  once,  and  any 
beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the 
first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot 
be  named  in  a  hard  green  state.  (B.  P.). — 1,  New  Hawthornden  ; 
2,  not  known,  probably  a  local  seedling  ;  3,  Cellini ;  4,  Old  Nonesuch  ; 
6,  Spanish  Warden.  (TF,  P.  P.). — 1,  Wellington  ;  2,  Bramlev’s  Seed¬ 
ling  ;  3,  Cox’s  Orange  Pippin;  4,  King  of  the  Pippins;  5,  Emperor 
Alexander  ;  6,  Lord  Derby;  (D  It.  W.). — 1,  Winter  Nelis  ;  2,  Beuri6 
Superflu  ;  3,  Beur  6  de  Capiaumont.  (2i.  W.  S  j — 1,  Court  Pendu 
P13,t  ;  2.  New  Hawthornden  ;  3,  Reinette  da  Canada  ;  4,  Round  Winter 
Nonesuch.  (^Pachwo'od'). — The  advanced  stage  of  the  fruit  and  prevalent 
decay  has  rendered  it  diiBcnlt  to  find  the  name  of  the  Pear.  If  the 
tree  is  an  upright  grower  it  is  Beurr^  Capiaumont. 
CO  VENT  GARDEN  MARKET. — November  25th. 
VEGETABLES. 
Aiipara^a,  per  100  . .  . . 
0 
d. 
0 
bo  0 
d. 
u 
Beaus,  i  sieve  ..  ..  .. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Beet.  B<h1,  dozen . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Oarro.a,  bunch . 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Oauliflo  were .  dozen  . .  . . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
(.elery,  bundle  . . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
(3oleworta,  dozen  bunobei 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Oucombers,  dozen  ..  .. 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Endive,  dozen  ..  ..  .. 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks,  bunoh  . 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Lettuce,  dozen . 
1 
3 
0 
0 
Mvibrooms,  per  lb.  ..  .. 
0  10 
1 
0 
B.  d.  B.  d. 
Mustard  and  Oreas,  punnet  0  8  to  0  4 
Onions,  bushel .  3  6  4  0 
Parsley, dozen  bunohee  ..3  0  10 
Parsnips,  dozen . 10  0  6 
Potatoes,  per  owt .  2  0  4  9 
Sslaafy,  bundle .  10  1  u 
Seakale,  per  basket  ....  1  6  10 
Soorzonera,  bundle  ....  1  6  0  0 
Shallots,  per  lb . 03  00 
Spinach,  pad  .  0  0  4  9 
Sprouts,  half  sieve  ....  1  6  10 
Tomatoes,  per  lb.  ....  0  4  0  0 
Taraipa,buaoh  ......  0  8  0  0 
FRUIT. 
I.  d.  a.  d.  i  •-  d.  8.  d. 
Apples,  J  sieve . 1  3  to  2  6  Lemons,  case  ..  ..  ..  11  0  to  14  0 
FilbertsandOobSiperlOOlbs.  26  0  27  6  ;  Plums,  J  sieve  .  0  0  0  0 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ......  06  16j  St.  Michael  Pines,  each  ,,  3  0  6  0 
PLANTS 
Arbor  Vltie  (various)  doz. 
8. 
6 
d.  a. 
Oto  36 
d. 
0 
Aspidistra,  dozen  ..  .. 
Aspidistra,  spaoimen  plant 
18 
0 
36 
0 
6 
0 
10 
6 
Ohrysanthemums,  per  doz. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
„  per  plant 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Oyclamen,  per  dozen..  .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Diaceena,  various,  dozen  .. 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Dracaena  viridia,  dozen  . . 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Erica,  per  dozen . 
9 
0 
12 
0 
„  hyemalis.  per  dozen  12 
0 
18 
0 
Buony  mu3 ,  var.,  dozen  . . 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Evergreens,  in  variety, 
dozen  . 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Ferns  in  variety, dozen  .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
IN  POTS. 
a.  d.  a.  d. 
Perns  (sDsall)  per  hundred  4  0  to  6  0 
Pious  elastics,  each  ....  1  0  7  0 
Poliaire  plants,  var.  each  10  6  0 
Hyacinths  (Roman),  dozen 
pots .  60  80 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  ..  ..3  0  ♦  0 
Marguerite  Daisy ,  dozen . .  6  0  12  0 
Myrtles,  dozen  ......  60  90 
Palms, invar,  each  ..  ..  1  0  15  0 
,,  (specimens'  ..  ..  21  0  63  0 
Pelargoniums,  per  dozen  ..  6  0  9  0 
Poinsettia,  per  dozen . .  .,  12  0  18  0 
Primula  sinensis,  per  dozen  4  0  6  0 
Solanums,  per  dozen  . .  ..  12  0  16  0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— OUT  FLOWERS.— Orchid  Blooms  in  variety . 
B. 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  ..  4 
Asparagus  Pern,  per  bunoh  2 
Azalea,  per  dozen  sprays  ,.  0 
Bouvardias,  bunch  ..  ..  0 
Oarnations.  12  blooms  ..  0 
Christmas  Roses,  12  blooms  1 
Chrysanthemums,  dozen 
bunches  . 3 
Ohrysanthemums,12  blooms  2 
Buoharis,  dozen . 3 
Gardenias,  dozen  ..  ..  2 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bunches  .  6 
Hyacinths  (Roman).  12 
sprays,  and  per  bunoh  ,.  0 
Lilac,  White  (French;,  per  ♦ 
bunch . 4 
Lilium  lougiflorum,  twelve 
blooms  . 6 
.,  laticifolium,  12  blooms  1 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  IBsprays, 
per  bunch . 0 
Maidenhair  Pern,  per  dozen 
bimahea . 4 
d.  a. 
0  to  6 
0  2 
9  1 
6  0 
6  8 
0  1 
0  6 
0  6 
6  4 
0  3 
0  8 
9  1 
6  6 
0  8 
6  3 
9  2 
0  8 
d. 
0 
6 
6 
9 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
Marguerites,  12  bunches  . . 
Mignonette,  per  dozen 
bunches . 
Mimosa  (Prerch)  per  bnch 
Narciss,  White  ( French), 
dozen  bunches . 
Orchids,  various,  per  dozen 
blo"ms  . 
Pelargoniums.  12  bunches 
Py  rethrum,  dozen  ouucbev 
Roses  (indoor),  dozen 
„  Tea,  white,  dozen 
„  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
,,  Red,  dozen  blooms  .. 
„  Safrano  (English), 
dozen..  . . 
„  Pink,  per  dozen  . .  .. 
Smilax,  per  bunoh  . .  . . 
Stephanotis,  dozen  sprays 
Tuberoses.  12  blooms. . 
Violet  Parme,  per  bunch  . . 
„  per  doz.  bunches  . . 
„  (French),  per  dozen 
bunches  . .  . . 
a.  d.  a.  d* 
1  0  to  3  0 
3  0  6  0 
10  16 
3  0  4  0 
1  6  12  0 
4  0  6  0 
16  3  0 
0  6  16 
0  9  2  0 
3  0  6  0 
10  16 
10  2  0 
3  0  6  0 
3  0  4  0 
0  0  6  0 
0  6  0  9 
3  0  4  0 
16  2  0 
16  0  0 
WINTERING. 
Problems  for  Cattle  Owners. 
When  the  importation  of  live  cattle  from  abroad  was  pro¬ 
hibited  by  the  Government,  there  was  a  great  outcry  from  cattle 
feeders  in  the  north  and  in  Scotland,  and  it  was  predicted  that 
8  ore  cattle  would  soon  reach  the  price  of  fat  ones.  Last  spring 
this  was  almost  the  case,  ai  the  margin  for  the  feeder’s  profit, 
without  a  rise  in  the  price  of  meat,  was  a  very  small  one  ;  now, 
however,  all  is  changed,  and  it  is  very  many  years  since  store*  of 
all  descriptions  have  been  as  cheap  as  they  are  now.  We  have 
seen  two-year-old  steers  sold  at  £7  each,  and  fre*h  drapes  at 
£8.  But  why  this  sudden  transformation  scene?  What  is  the 
cause  ?  A  probable  scarcity  of  food  is  the  chief  one,  and  the  fact 
that  farmers  are  very  much  of  one  mind  on  the  matter,  and  there¬ 
fore  nearly  all  sellers.  Yes  ;  the  bears  are  causing  a  “  slump.” 
It  is  almost  impossible  to  get  an  offer  for  old  or  rough  beasts,  and 
they  will  have  to  be  kept  on  in  some  way. 
The  cattle  food  in  the  south  and  east,  though  small  in  bulk,  is 
good  in  quality,  and  will  go  a  long  way  if  made  the  most  of.  The 
hay  and  straw  are  of  the  best.  Turnips  are  generally  a  light  crop. 
In  tht  midlands,  west,  and  north  the  straw  and  hay  crops  were 
much  more  bulky  ;  the  hay  was  well  got,  but  the  same  cannot  be 
said  for  the  straw  ;  Birley  and  Oats  suffering  to  such  an  extent 
that  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  valuable  straw  of  these  crops 
will  not  be  fit  for  fodder  at  all,  except  it  be  cut  up  and  mixed  off 
with  large  quantities  of  flavouring  and  appetising  materials. 
A  good  crop  of  roots  would  have  done  much  to  save  the 
situation,  but  though  Mangolds  are  fair.  Turnips  both  began  and 
finished  badly.  Common  Turnips  are  patchy  and  small,  whilst 
many  have  quite  rotted  away  owing  to  the  constant  wet.  Sheep 
