December  i,  1898. 
JOmNAL  OF  HOHTICOLTVRF  AND  GOTTAQB  OABDENER.  5Sl, 
leading  to  the  bedroom,  so  as  to  be  able  to  beat  the  vinery  separately. 
Then  you  will  need  to  consider  the  swell  of  the  water,  for  when  the 
bedroom  is  entirely  cut  off  by  the  valves  there  must  be  an  expansion 
allowance,  and  that  as  high  or  higher  than  the  proposed  supply  cistern, 
otherwise  the  water  will  be  forced  out  when  both  are  working.  The 
expansion  you  may  allow  for  in  the  coil,  having  the  upper  part  some¬ 
what  higher  than  the  supply  cistern,  or  allow  for  expansion  in  this,  and 
then  by  keeping  the  return  valve  of  the  bedroom  pipe  slightly  open  the 
swell  of  the  water  can  take  place  without  an  expansion  pipe  in  the 
vinery,  thus  heating  this  separately  as  required. 
Judging  Stands  of  Japanese  Chrysanttaemums  (^II,  B."). — 
When  two  stands  of  Japanese  Chrysanthemums  are  arranged  in  which  the 
blooms  point  equal,  the  adjudicators  search  for  a  distinguishing  meritorious 
feature  in  the  stands  as  a  whole,  and  if  one  stand  contains  but  one  point 
of  advantage  over  the  other  in  that  respect,  that  point  counts,  and  the 
stand  is  placed  first.  This,  is  correct  judging. 
Names  of  Fruits. — Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  be  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  regect  the  inferior, 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of 
senders  of  fruit  or  fiowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with 
the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or 
not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  Initials 
sufficing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  nam^  at  once,  and  any 
beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the 
first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot 
be  named-  in  a  hard  green  state.  (^No  Name')  —  Cox’s  Pomona. 
(A.  T  IF.). — 1,  Beauty  of  Kent;  2  Greenup’s  Pippin  ;  3,  Golden 
Winter  Peurmain  ;  4,  Aromatic  Esssei  ;  5,  Winder  Greening  ;  6,  Lord 
Derby.  (5  A.  N.)  — 1  Beauty  of  Hants  ;  2,  Peasgood’s  Nonesuch  ;  3, 
Minchall  Cr-»b  ;  4  Golien  Noble.  (iV  C.  A) — 1.  Beurid  Bose;  2, 
Uvftdale’s  Sr.  G  rmain  ;  3,  Marie  Louise.  (^H.  P)  — 1,  Beurrd  de  Jonghe  ; 
2,  Forelle  ;  3  Bergamotte  E.^peren.  The  labels  had  been  rubbed  off  the 
Aoples  owing  to  loose  packing.  The  small  one  is  Court  Pendu  Plaf, 
and  the  large  one  Bramley’s  Seedling.  {N). — Hollandbury.  (_B.  S), 
— 1,  Gloucestershire  Costard  ;  2,  Cox’s  P(,mona  ;  3.  Blenheim  Orange. 
(J.  B  )  — 1  and  2  New  Hawthornden  (the  fruits  shall  be  micro.scopically 
examined  regarding  the  fungus);  3,  Golden  Noble  ;  4,  Cobham  ;  5,  we  sus¬ 
pect  this  to  be  a  local  seedling  ;  6  Cox’s  Pomona.  {LW.C). — 1,  Queen 
Anne  ;  2,  Glou  Moi9eau  ;  3,  Crimson  Qsoining;  4  Stoup  Leadington  ; 
6,  Beauty  of  Hants.  (  TF.C  B  ). — 1,  Baronne  de  Mello ;  2,  Beurrd  Superfin. 
Names  of  Plants. —  We  only  nndertake  to  name  species  of  plants, 
not  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp. 
(/  B.) — 1,  Odontoglossum  gloriosum  ;  2,  O.  constrictum.  (ff.  K.  P.). 
— 1,  Asparagus  deflexus  ;  2.  Adiautum  cuneatum  ;  3,  Draemoa  indivisa  ; 
4,  Justicia  coccineac  {C.  0.  B.) — 1,  Bertolonia  guttata  ;  2,  Jasmihum 
Sambac.  (j4.  TF.  P.). —  1,  Anthurium  Andreanum ;  2,  Impatiens 
Hawkeri ;  3,  Aralia  Ye’tcbi ;  4,  Jasminum  nudiflorum  ;  5  and  6,  Send 
when  in  flower,  (ff.  O.  H.). — Your  specimens  reached  us  on  Monday 
morning,  and  probably  owing  to  having  been  in  the  post  over  Sunday 
were  quite  dead.  Send  fresh  ones,  carefully  packed,  and  we  will  gladly 
assist  you. 
COVBNT  GARDEN  MARKET.— -Decembek  2nd 
FRUIT. 
1.  d  8.  d.  I  I.  d.  <<.  d. 
Apples,  J  sieve . 1  3  to  2  6  I  Lemons,  case  . 11  0  to  14  0 
Filbeit8and0bbs,perlu01bs.  25  0  27  6  Plums, }  sieve  .  0  0  0  0 
Drapes,  per  lb . 0  6  1  6  1  St.  Michael  Pines,  each  ..  2  0  6  0 
AVBRAGB  WHOLBSALB  PRIOBS.— OUT  FLOWBRS.— Orchid  Blooms  in  variety 
a.  d.  8.  d. 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  ..  4  0  to  6  0 
Asparagus  Fern,  per  bunch  2  0  2  6 
Azalea,  per  dozen  sprays  ..0  8  10 
Bouvardias,  bunch  ..  ..  0  6  0  9 
Oarnatlons.  12  blooms  ..  0  6  2  0 
Ohristmas  Roses,  12  blooms  10  16 
Ohrysanthemums,  cozen 
bunohes  .  30  60 
Ohrysanthemums, 12  blooms  2  0  6  0 
Eucharis,  dozen  ......  3  6  4  0 
Gardenias,  dozen  ....  2  0  3  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bunches  ..  ..  .,  ..  60  80 
Hyacinths  (Roman).  1 2 
sprays,  and  per  bunch  ..09  10 
Lilac,  White  (French;,  per 
bunch .  46  60 
Lilium  longihorum,  twelve 
blooms  .  6  0  8  0 
.,  laDoifoUum,  12  blooms  16  3  0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  128pray3, 
per  bunch . 16  26 
Marguerites,  12  bunches  ..  2  0  4  0 
8. 
d. 
s 
d. 
Maidenhair  Fern,  per  dozen 
bnnobes . 
4 
0  to 
8 
0 
Mignonette,  dozen  bunches 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Mimosa  (Frerch)  per  bnch 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Narciss,  White  (French), 
dozen  bunches . 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Orchids,  various,  per  dozen 
blooms  . 
1 
6 
12 
0 
Pelargoniums,  12  bunches 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pyrothrum,  dozen  buucbes 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Roses  (indoor),  dozen 
0 
6 
1 
6 
„  Tea,  white,  dozen 
0 
9 
2 
0 
„  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
6 
0 
9 
r 
,,  Red,  dozen  blooms  .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
„  Salrano  (English), 
dozen . 
1 
0 
2 
U 
„  Pink,  per  dozen  ..  .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Smilax,  per  bunch  ..  .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Tuberoses.  12  blooins. .  . . 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Violet  Patme,  per  bunch  . . 
3 
0 
4 
0 
„  per  doz.  bunches  . . 
1 
6 
2 
0 
,,  (French),  per  dozen 
bunches  ..  .. 
1 
6 
3 
6 
Asparagus,  per  100  ..  .. 
0 
A. 
0 
to  0 
d. 
0 
Beaus,  i  sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Beet,  rAi.  dozen  ..  ..  .. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Oarrots,  bunch  ..  .. 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  ..  .. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Celery,  bundle  . . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Ooleworts,  dozen  bunohes 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Ououmbers,  dozen  ..  ,, 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Bndi  vo.  dozen 
1 
3 
1 
6 
Herbs,  b;moh  . 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Leeks,  bunch  .. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Lettuce,  dozen  ..  ,,  ,, 
1 
3 
0 
0 
Mushrooms,  per  lb . 
0 
10 
1 
0 
VBGBTABLBa. 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
Onions,  bushel  .. 
Parsley,  dozen  bunohes 
Parsnips,  dozen  .. 
Potatoes,  per  owt. 
Salaafy,  bundle  .. 
Seakale,  per  basket 
Scorzonera,  bundle 
Shallots,  per  lb  . . 
Spinach,  pad 
Sprouts,  half  sieve 
Tomatoes,  per  lb. 
Turnips ,  bunoh  . . 
PLANTS  IN  POTS. 
d.  I. 
a  to  0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
6 
3 
0, 
6 
4 
3 
d. 
4 
0 
a 
6 
9 
0 
0 
0 
0 
9 
0 
0 
0 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
ft. 
d. 
Arbor  Vitas  (various)  doz. 
6 
0  to  36 
0 
Ferns  (small)  per  hundred 
4 
0  to  6 
0 
Aspidistra,  dozen  . .  . . 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Fions  elastlCB,  each  ,.  .. 
1 
0 
7 
0 
Aspidistra,  specimen  plant 
6 
0 
10 
8 
Foliage  plants,  var. .each 
1 
0 
b 
0 
Ohrysanthemums,  per  doz. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Hyacinths  (Roman),  dozen 
„  per  plant 
1 
0 
2 
0 
pots . 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Oyclimeu.  per  dozen..  .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  . .  .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Dracaena, various,  dozen  .. 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  dozen.. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaena  viridls,  dozen  . . 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles,  dozen  ..  ..  .. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Erica,  per  dozen . 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Palms,  in  var..  eaoh  .,  .. 
1 
0 
15 
0 
„  liyemalis,  per  dozen  12 
0 
15 
0 
,,  (specimens^  ..  .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Kuony  m  us ,  var.,  dozen  . , 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Poinsetiia,  per  dozen. .  . . 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Evergreens,  in  var.,  dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Primula  siitcnsis,  per  dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Ferns  in  variety, dozen  .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Solanums,  per  dozen  . .  . . 
12 
0 
16 
0 
OUR  BEEF  OR  BROTHER  JONATHAN’S. 
An  Eaglishman  coDBiders  he  needs  two  things,  two  essential 
things,  in  his  food  supply — beef  and  bread.  No  soups  or  foreign 
“  kickshaws,”  no  vegetarian  diet,  no  delicacies  from  “  furthest 
Ind  ”  will  ever,  to  his  mind,  supply  him  with  those  muscles  and 
brains  bred  and  reared  on  solid  plain  bread  and  beef. 
It  used  to  be  the  roast  beef  of  Old  England,"  and  so  it  is 
still  to  a  great  extent ;  but  we  cannot  keep  pace  with  our  teeming 
and  prosperous  population,  who  with  cheap  money  in  plenty  desire 
and  procure  the  best  of  everything.  It  is  a  healthy  sign  as  to  the 
prosperity  of  a  people  when  their  meat  bill  is  a  great  one. 
As  all  the  beef  roasted  in  English  ovens  or  before  English 
fires  is  admitted  not  to  be  of  Eoglish  growth,  it  is  advisable  to 
learn  whence  it  comes,  and  to  learn  also  whether  the  supply 
can  be  kept  up.  We  are  likely  to  have  dear  bread  this  winter. 
Well,  we  as  farmers  will  not  grumble  at  that  ;  we  consider  the 
consumer  owes  us  a  good  bit  as  compensation  for  all  those  years 
when  our  labour  has  been  but  in  vain,  when  the  corn  crop  has  not 
only  not  paid  its  way,  but  has  left  ns  with  a  heavy  deficit.  As 
wages  are,  the  consumer  can  afford  to  give  more  for  the  family 
loaf  ;  whether  he  likes  it  or  not  is  a  different  question. 
If,  however,  with  a  dearer  loaf,  he  has  to  buy  a  dearer  sirloin,  he 
will  think  he  has  a  good  cause  for  grumbling.  And  it  is  quite 
within  range  of  possibilities  that  beef  will  be  a  good  bit  dearer  this 
winter  and  coming  spring.  We  import  a  great  deal  of  beef,  both 
alive  and  dead,  from  the  States,  and  from  oflUcial  reports  we  find 
there  is  a  great  falling  off  in  the  American  supplies.  Years  ago  we 
were  told  (but  did  not  behove  it)  that  the  Americans  conld  not  keep 
up  the  supply,  and  the  time  seems  now  to  have  come.  Listen  to 
what  figures  have  to  tell  us.  In  the  year  1876  prices  for  beef  in 
English  markets  went  up  about  30  per  cent,  on  the  prices  of  1858. 
This  rise  induced  other  countries  to  try  and  dispose  of  their  surplus 
stock  here,  and  when,  in  1870,  the  railway  system  of  the  States 
began  to  be  more  opened  up,  the  cattle  suddenly  trebled  in  value. 
Naturally  everyone  wanted  to  go  into  the  ranching  business,  hoping 
thereby  to  reap  gold.  From  Texas  the  business  spread  rapidly 
over  the  Western  and  North-Western  States,  until  cattle  occupied 
all  the  suitable  ranges  of  country  from  the  Mississippi  River  to  the 
Rockies . 
Raising  cattle  in  these  countries  and  on  the  ranch  plan  was,  and 
is  yet,  very  cheap.  Land  cost  nothing,  and  there  was  no  taxation, 
and  the  one  expense  was  the  maintenance  of  a  staff  of  mounted 
