December  l6,  189(5. 
JOURNAL  OP'  PtOUTtCtPL^URP:  AND  COTTA GD  GARDDNNR. 
573 
tb^t  we  have  found  of  use  was  to  water  the  ground  early  in  autumn  or 
late  summer  with  gas  liquor,  one  part  to  five  parts  water,  and  extending 
quite  a  yard  beyond  the  spread  of  the  branches,  giving  sufficient  to 
thoroughly  moisten  the  soil  1  inch  deep.  When  the  gas  liquor  cannot 
be  had  kainit  may  be  used  instead,  from  3^  to  7  lbs.  being  used  per 
square  rod,  the  former  in  mild  attacks,  and  the  latter  in  bad.  It  is  well 
also  to  use  a  similar  amount  of  dissolved  bones  along  with  the  kainit 
for  the  benefit  of  the  Apple  trees  ;  hut  the  kainit  will  not  do  any  harm, 
as  most  of  the  salt  (chloride  of  soda)  will  be  washed  away  by  the 
winter  rains.  As  a  preventive  of  the  fungus,  carbonate  and  copper,  and 
ammonia  solution,  used  in  the  form  of  spray  In  spring  and  early 
summer,  is  one  of  the  best  that  can  be  applied. 
Chrysanthemums  (2'.  T.'). — Nos.  4  and  18  are  the  only  two 
varieties  that  can  in  any  way  be  termed  early  flowering.  The  remainder 
are  midseason  varieties  ;  not  one  of  them  comes  under  the  head  of  late 
flowering.  Presuming,  however,  the  object  in  cultivating  the  plants  is 
the  exhibition  table,  we  would  strongly  advise  you  to  eliminate  Nos.  2,  4, 
5,  7,  8j  9,  13,  15,  19  and  20,  as  they  are  a  long  way  behind  many  others 
in  point  of  quality.  In  these  days  of  keen  competition  one  cannot 
aflEord  to  include  even  a  moderate  variety  ;  all  should  be  of  the  best  in 
this  respect.  As  a  rule,  the  first  week  in  April  is  the  best  time  to  pinch 
the  hulk  of  sorts.  However,  to  be  exact  in  this,  experience  in  the 
locality  is  the  only  true  guide.  No  ;  6-inch  pots  are  not  large  enough 
to  grow  the  plants  to  produce  good  blooms.  Nothing  less  than  9-inch 
should  be  employed  ;  indeed,  for  the  strong  growing  varieties,  pots  10 
inches  in  diameter  are  better.  It  is  not  possible,  either,  to  have  good 
blooms  in  a  general  way  from  plants  raised  from  cuttings  inserted  in 
March  or  May .  •  Ton  might,  in  an  Isolated  instance,  secure  a  really  good 
bloom.  The  leading  cultivators  strike  early — December — so  as  to  give 
the  plants  abundant  time  to  grow  away  steadily,  so  that  the  growth  is 
solidified  as  it  progresses. 
Names  of  Fruits.— iVofioi?. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  media  ms  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  Jh  cmisequence  of  the  large  ntimier  of  worthless  Apples  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  be  nanned^  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior, 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of 
senders  of  fruit  or  flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with 
the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  oi 
not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials 
sufficing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any 
beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the 
first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot 
be  named  in  a  hard  green  state.  {L.  W.  Cf — 1,  Golden  Reinette  ; 
2,  New  Northern  Greening;  3,  Goloen  Rusret;  4,  Dutch  Miguonne  ; 
6,  Small’s  Admirable.  Several  of  your  fruits  are  seriously  attacked  by 
a  fungus,  regarding  which  see  reply  to«!^‘  Head  Gardener”  on  previous 
page.  (f?.  O.  Li  gard) — 1,  New  Hawthoinden  ;  2,  Bramley’s 
Seedling ;  3,  Scarlet  Pearmain  ;  4,  Ribston  Pippin  ;  5,  Cox’s  Pomona  ; 
6,  Bismarck.  QF,  Coles'). — It  is  impossible  to  name  Pears  that  are 
rotten  ;  your  specimens  should  have  been  forwarded  three  weeks  or  a 
month  ago.  (J.  B.), — 1,  Northern  Greening  ;  2,  Hollandbury  ;  3,  Pile’s 
Russet ;  4,  not  known,  probably  local  ;  5,  Winter  Oolman. 
COVBNT  GARDEN  MARKET. — December  9th. 
Apples,  J  sieve . 1 
PllbertsaadOobs,pevl001bs.  25 
Hrapes,  per  lb . 0 
FRUIT. 
d  a.  d.  I  «.  d.  i. 
3  to  2  6  I  Lemons,  oaae  . 11  0  to  14 
0  27  6  I  Plums,  J  sieve  . 0  0  0 
6  16  9t.  Michael  Pines, each  ..  2  U  6 
VEGETABLES. 
Asparagus,  per  100  ..  0  0  to  0  0 
Beans,  i  sieve  .  0  0  0  0 
Beet,  Red,  doaen . 10  0  0 
Carrots,  bunch  ......  0  3  0  4 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  .,,,  2  0  3  0 
Celery,  bundle  .  I  0  0  0 
Ooleworts,  dozen  bunchei  2  0  4  0 
Ououmbers,  dozen  ....  1  0  2  6 
Endive,  dozen  . 13  16 
Herbs,  bunch  .  03  00 
Leeks, bunch  0  2  0  0 
Lettuce, dozen  1  3  0  0 
Mushrooms,  per  lb . 0  10  10 
8. 
d. 
a. 
Mustard  and  Oress,  punnet 
0 
2  t,. 
0 
Onions,  bushel . 
3 
6 
4 
Parsley ,  dozen  bunches  . . 
2 
0 
i 
Parsnips,  dozen . 
1 
0 
‘ 
Potatoes,  per  owt . 
2 
0 
4 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
1 
0 
1 
Seakaie,  per  basket  ..  .. 
1 
8 
1 
Soorzonera,  bundle  ..  .. 
1 
6 
0 
Shallots,  per  lb . 
0 
3 
0 
Spinach,  pad  . 
0 
0 
4 
Sprouts,  half  sieve  ..  .. 
1 
■6 
1 
Tomatoes,  per  lb . 
u 
4 
0 
Turnips,  bunob . 
0 
3 
0 
d 
0 
0 
0 
d 
4 
0 
0 
6 
9 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
9 
PLANTS  IN  POTS. 
8. 
a. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d 
Arbor  Vitse  (various)  doz. 
6 
0  to  36 
0 
Perns  (small)  per  hundred 
4 
0 
to  6 
U 
Aspidistra,  dozen  . .  . . 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Pious  elastics,  each  .. 
1 
0 
0 
Aspidistra,  specimen  plant 
5 
0 
10 
6 
Foliage  plants,  var,  each 
1 
0 
5 
0 
Obrysanthemums,  per  doz. 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Hyacinths  (Roman),  dozen 
„  per  plant 
1 
0 
2 
0 
pocs . 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Oyclameu,  per  dozen..  .. 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  . .  .. 
3 
0 
1 
0 
Dracaena, various,  dozen 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  dozen,. 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Dracaena  viridis,  dozen 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Myrtles,  dozen  ..  ..  .. 
6 
n 
9 
0 
Erica,  per  dozen . 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Palms,  in  var.,  eaob  ..  .. 
1 
0 
16 
0 
»  hyemaiis,  per  dozen  12 
0 
15 
0 
,,  (specimens'*  ..  .. 
21 
0 
63 
0 
Kuonymus,  var.,  dozen  . . 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Poinsettia,  per  dozen , .  . . 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Evere-reens.  in  var.,  dozen 
6 
0 
24 
0 
Primula  sinensis,  per  dozen 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Ferns  in  variety,  dozen  .. 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Solanuma,  per  dozen  .. 
12 
0 
16 
0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRIOBS.— OUT  PLOWBBS.— Orchid  Blooms  in  variety 
s. 
d 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
di 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  .. 
4 
0 
to  8 
0 
Mignonette,  dozen  bunches 
3 
0  to  6 
0 
Asparagus  Pern,  per  bunch 
2 
0 
2 
6 
Mimosa  (Frerch)  per 
Azalea,  per  dozen  sprays  . 
0 
8 
1 
u 
bunch . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Bouvardias,  bunob  ,.  .. 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Naroiss,  White  (French), 
Oarnations  12  blooms 
1 
0 
2 
6 
dozen  bunches . 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Christmas  Roses,  12  blooms 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Narcits,  Yellow  (French), 
OhryHantbemums,  i.ozen 
dozen  bunches  , . 
2 
6 
4 
0 
bnncbes  . 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Orchids,  various,  per  dozen 
Ohrysanihemums, 12  blooms 
2 
0 
6 
0 
blo-ms  . 
1 
6 
12 
0 
Eucbaris,  dozen . 
3 
6 
4 
0 
Pelargoniums.  12  bunches 
t 
0 
6 
0 
Gardenias,  dozen 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Pyrethrum,  dozen  uuui-bes 
1 
6 
3 
n 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
Roses  (indoor),  dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
bunches  . 
6 
0 
8 
0 
„  Tea,  white,  dozen 
0 
2 
8 
Htaontbs  (Roman)  12 
,,  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels) 
6 
0 
9 
sprays,  and  per  bunch  . . 
1 
0 
1 
3 
,,  Red,  dozen  blooms  .. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Lilac,  White  (French;,  per 
„  Safrano  (English), 
hunch  . 
4 
6 
5 
0 
dozen . 
1 
0 
2 
0 
LiUum  longidorum,  twelve 
„  Pink,  per  dozen  ..  .. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
blooms  . 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Smilax,  per  bunch  ..  .. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
.,  lancifolium,  12  blooms 
1 
6 
3 
0 
Tuberoses.  12  blooms. . 
0 
6 
1) 
9 
rjily  of  the  Valley,  123prajs, 
V  iolet  Pa  rme,  per  bunch  . . 
3 
0 
4 
0 
per  bunch . 
1 
6 
2 
6 
„  per  doz.  bunches  . . 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Marc-uerites,  12  bunches  . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
„  (French'),  per  dozen 
Maidenhair  Pern,  per  dozen 
bunches 
1 
G 
2 
6 
bunches  . 
4 
0 
8 
0 
TRADE  CATALOGUES  RECEIVED. 
W.  Atlee,  Burpee  &  Co.,  Philadelphia.  —  Wholesale  List. 
S.  F.  Richmond,  0^8ett. —  Chrysanthemums. 
Otto  Putz,  Erfurt. —  Wholesale  Seea  List, 
Curious  title  for  an  agricultural  paper,  is  it  not?  and  yet 
we  feel  ourselves  to  blame  that  we  have  not  approached  the 
subject  sooner.  It  is  one  that  needs  ventilating,  and  although  we 
are  not  officers  of  that  excellent  So.dety  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cruelty  to  Animals,  we  still  would  say  onr  say,  though  we  feel 
ourselves  not  competent  to  do  the  subject  justice. 
“  More  ill  is  wrought  for  want  of  thought,  than  wrought  from 
want  of  heart,”  and  ignorance  is  often  as  much  to  blame  for 
causeless  pain  as  real  bad  heartedness.  We  have  not  yet  got  motor 
power  on  the  farms,  so  we  will  first  look  at  the  case  of  our  motor 
powers  in  the  stable.  Those  big,  powerful  horses,  so  willing  to  do 
our  bidding,  so  easily  controlled,  so  gentle,  so  tractable,  do  they 
always  get  their  .share  of  attention  ?  do  they  always  escape  unjust 
punishment  ?  We  think  not.  No  man  with  a  hasty  temper  has 
any  business  to  be  among  yonng  horses.  We  hear  of  “good  hands 
we  know  men  who  would  break  in  a  young  cart  colt  in  three  days, 
and  make  him  as  handy  as  any  of  the  old  stagers.  Dapend  upon  it, 
a  gentle  even  temper  is  the  gieatest  factor  in  horse-breaking — co 
hurry,  no  bluster,  and,  above  all,  no  hard  words,  or  harder  blows. 
A  horse  is  a  wonderfolly  nervous  animal,  always  on  the  alert 
for  dangers  seen  and  unseen,  and  the  unseen  are  always  the  most 
terrible.  Let  a  horse  approach  the  dreaded  object  quietly  ;  let  it 
tike  full  stock  of  it,  and  depend  upon  it  at  a  future  day  there  will 
be  no  more  trouble  with  that  one  particular  bugbear.  Some  men 
can  get  twice  as  much  out  of  their  horses  as  others,  and  this  with 
less  inconvenience  to  themselves  and  their  animals.  In  driving,  for 
instance,  a  judicious  arrangement  of  weight  causes  an  even  balance, 
and  then  the  weight  draws  itself  instead  of  being  drawn  How 
often  we  have  seen  men  sitting  so  “  forrard  ”  in  the  dogcart,  and  the 
belly  band  so  tight,  that  all  the  weight  is  on  the  horse’s  back.  Push 
the  seat  an  inch  or  two  back,  let  out  the  belly  band  a  hole  or  two, 
till  the  tongue  plays  in  the  buckle,  and  see  how  much  easier  the 
motion  of  the  cart  is  and  how  much  freer  the  horse  goes. 
Then,  too,  a  careful  driver  not  only  uses  his  hands  and  guides 
his  horse  on  to  the  easiest  track,  he  also  moderates  his  pace,  and 
will  allow  his  horse  to  get  his  wind  a  bit,  and  possibly  at  a  steep 
hill  may  stretch  hia  own  legs.  Nothing  vexes  us  so  much  as  to 
aee  a  carter  riding  on  the  shafts  of  a  full  cart.  If  he  has  properly 
