December  24,  1898. 
5^0  Jonni^AL  OF  muTiGULTtiRB  Am  oottaof  GARDm^n. 
in  the  tissues  both  intercellalarly  and  intracellukily,  also  the  elongated 
black  Bclerotia  in  the  dead  substance.  A  little  quicklime  sprinkled  on 
the  base  will  burn  up  the  mycelial  hyphaj  and  to  some  extent  arrest  the 
malady,  charcoal  dust  being  also  usefal.  The  thing,  however,  is  to  pot 
higher,  keep  the  base  of  the  leaves  from  decaying,  and  thas  balfle  the 
fungnB  as  much  as  possible. 
Onttlngr  Box  Bdflng  (5.  J>.). — It  la  not  desirable  to  cut  Box 
edglag  during  the  wint«r  months,  as  there  is  then  danger  of  damage  by 
frosts.  Even  when  the  Box  is  cut  during  mild  weather  at  this  time  of 
year,  and  frosts  occur  afterwards,  serious  injury  accrues.  If  only 
slightly  cut  the  edging  assumes  a  very  unsightly  appearance ;  if  out 
Lard  back  the  sprays  die  down  considerably  and  the  edging  becomes 
irregular  and  gappy.  We  have  not  found  any  better  time  than  mild 
showery  weather  after  the  middle  of  April  to  clip  Box  edgings  when 
they  need  a  fair  amount  of  cutting  back,  or  if  merely  trimming  is 
needed  it  is  best  done  in  June. 
IMtedal  for  Prult  (y¥,  JR  ). — We  think  the  facts  are  these ;  The 
Chairman  and  several  members  of  the  Committee  inspected  the  fruit, 
and  unanimously  granted  a  silver  Banksian  medal.  Another  detachment 
of  members  who  had  lagged  behind  took  the  novel  course  of  seeking  to 
overturn  the  verdict  of  their  fellow  members,  and  a  silver  Knightian 
was  proposed.  For  this  some  hands  were  held  up  and  some  against,  and 
as  the  voting  was  not  unanimous  the  original  award  remained  intact, 
the  proposer  of  the  second  medal  admitting  this  to  be  the  right  course. 
We  have  no  doubt  it  was  a  mistake  after  the  award  was  entered  in  the 
book,  as  it  was,  for  the  subject  to  be  re-opened.  If  one  member  of 
Committee  can  do  this  another  can,  and  business  would  then  degenerate 
into  a  wrangle.  It  is  perfectly  certain  that  a  silver  Knightian  could  not 
have  been  voted  unanimously. 
Hoot-pranlngr  Apple  and  Pear  Trees  (^Amateur). — The  Apple 
is  a  less  deep-rooting  tree  than  the  Pear,  but  both  strike  roots  almost 
straight  down  in  loose  soils,  producing  few  fibres,  and  consequently  the 
trees  are  unfruitful.  Root-pruning  is  intended  to  bring  too  gross 
growing  trees  into  a  bearing  state  by  checking  exuberance  of  growth. 
It  is  less  needed  when  Apples  are  worked  on  Paradise  stocks  or  Pears  on 
the  Quince,  but  all,  in  most  soils  require  root-pruning  during  the  earlier 
stages  of  their  career.  When  the  trees  are  over-luxuriant  uncover  the 
roots,  see  where  the  strongest  and  most  straight-down  are,  and  sever 
these  within  a  foot  to  a  yard  of  the  stem  of  the  tree,  according  to  its 
size  and  strength,  any  long  and  bare  horizontal  roots  being  treated  in  a 
similar  manner,  taking  especial  care  of  the  fibres  and  small  roots.  If 
the  trees  are  very  vigorous  and  the  roots  are  large  and  few,  it  is  a  safe 
plan  to  operate  on  one  side  only  one  year  and  defer  the  other  until  the 
next,  for  root-pruning  should  never  be  carried  to  excess,  but  looked  upon 
as  a  means  of  checking  luxuriance  and  increasing  the  fruitfulness  of 
the  trees.  Some  judgment  must  be  exercised,  not  forgetting  that  root- 
pruning  lowers  the  growing  powers  of  the  tree,  and  that  stunted  growth 
is  as  undesirable  as  exuberance.  Moderate  root-pruning  is  safe,  and 
far  more  effective  than  pruning  the  tops  of  trees.  The  cuts  of  the  roots 
should  be  made  on  the  under  side,  and  as  clean  as  possible.  The  best 
time  to  operate  is  as  soon  as  the  leaves  commence  falling,  say  from  the 
middle  o'  October  to  the  end  of  November,  Pears  being  sooner  fit  for 
root-pruning  than  Apple  trees,  but  the  work  may  be  performed  any  time 
between  the  fall  of  the  leaves  and  the  commencement  of  the  buds  swell¬ 
ing,  always  choosing  mild  weather,  with  the  soil  in  good  working 
condition.  Shortening  the  roots  and  thinning  the  branches  of  too 
strong  growing  trees  undoubtedly  incite  to  the  formation  of  blossom 
buds. 
Apple  with  Spots  and  Marks  on  Skin  (J.  AskeeW), — The 
black  spots  are  due  to  the  destruction  of  the  flesh  immediately  beneath 
the  skin,  and  the  marks  to  a  similar  cause,  which  is  that  of  the  Apple 
miner — commonly  called  the  Apple  maggot,  to  distinguish  it  from  the 
codlin  moth  caterpillar,  that  chiefly  lives  on  the  pips  or  seeds,  the  miner 
burrowing  in  the  flesh  and  is  a  footless  maggot.  It  is  the  larva  of 
Trypeta  pomonella,  a  two- winged  fly  that  appears  early  in  summer  and 
deposits  eggs  in  the  partially  grown  Apples.  These  eggs  are  inserted,  one 
in  a  place,  through  the  skin  of  the  fruit.  In  a  few  days  they  hatch  into 
maggots  that  tunnel  the  fruit  in  all  directions,  becoming  fnll-grown  ia 
about  six  weeks,  when  they  are  greenish  white  and  about  j  inch  long. 
They  then  leave  the  fruit  and  generally  go  into  the  soil  an  inch  or  less, 
where  they  change  to  the  pupal  state  and  remain  in  this  condition  until 
the  following  summer,  when  they  emerge  as  flies  again.  There  are, 
however,  two  broods  in  the  same  season,  the  first  attacking  the  early, 
soft-fleehed  Apples,  and  the  latter  the  late  varieties — always  at  the  eye. 
The  pest  has  increased  enormously  of  late  years,  especially  in 
Kent,  and  is  one  of  the  worst  to  deal  with,  as  it  cannot  be  poisoned  by 
means  of  spraying,  but  the  flies  hate  petroleum,  hence  where  trees  are 
treated  with  an  insecticide  for  the  destruction  of  aphides  there  is  seldom 
any  trouble  from  the  miners.  To  kill  the  pupa  In  the  soil  it  may  be 
watered  with  ammoniacal  gas  liquor  di'uted  with  five  times  the  bulk 
of  water,  and  giving  about  a  gallon  per  square  yard  when  the  ground  is 
moist,  extending  outwards  from  the  stem  to  a  yard  beyond  the  spread  of 
the  branches.  Or  use  kainit  7  lbs.  per  rod  now,  with  a  similar  amount 
of  basic  cinder  phosphate,  pointing  in,  if  bare  soil,  very  lightly,  not 
more  than  1  inch.  If  grass,  of  course,  leave  it  on  the  surface.  To  get 
value  out  of  the  kainit  and  basic  cinder  phosphate,  supply  in  spring  a 
mixture  of  dissolved  bones,  dry  and  crumbling,  three  parts,  and  sulphate 
of  ammonia  one  part,  using  4  ozs.  per  square  yard.  This  will  give 
substantial  results,  but  we  should  spray  with  petroleum  emulsion  as 
soon  as  the  Apples  are  fairly  set,  so  as  to  render  them  distasteful  to  the 
flies  for  egg  deposition. 
INTames  of  Tmlts.— have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  onr  readersJwill  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  .the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  conseqtunce  of  the  large  numier  of  worthless  Apples  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  be  natned,  it  has  been  decided  to  naiw  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  rqjeot  the  inferior, 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of 
senders  of  fruit  or  flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with 
the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or 
not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials 
sufficing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  nam^  at  once,  and  any 
beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the 
first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot 
be  named  in  a  hard  green  state.  (JV.  0.). — 1,  New  Hawtbornden ;  2, 
Blenheim  Orange;  3,  Emperor  Alexander;  4,  Oobham  ;  6,  M^re  de 
M6nage.  {L,  W.  O'). — 1,  not  known,  probably  a  local  seedling  ;  2,  Coxs 
Orange  Pippin  ;  3,  not  known  ;  4  and  5,  varieties  of  Blenheim  Orange  ; 
small  5,  result  of  grafting,  worthless.  (^J.  B.'). — 1.  Spanish  Warden  ; 
2,  Belmont ;  the  Apple  is  perhaps  a  variety  of  Oat’s  Head. 
ifames  of  Plants.— We  only  undertake  to  name  apecies  of  plants, 
not  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  ia  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  sepaiipite  them  when  the  paper  is  damp. 
{S  R.  J.').  —1  and  3,  good  forms  of  Cattleya  labiata ;  2,  Calanthe  Veitchi ; 
4,  Gypripedium  insigne.  (i.  H.  G7). — 1,  Davallia  canariensis ; 
2,  Selaginella  Martens!. 
OOVENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— December  23bd. 
FBEIT. 
1.  d. 
8. 
d.  • 
■s  d. 
8. 
d. 
1  ^  9 
6  : 
Tjftmnna.  ...  ...  ....  11  Q  to  14 
0 
FilbertsaudOobs.perlOOlba.  35  0 
40 
0  i 
Plums,  i  sieve  . 0  0 
0 
0 
Urapes,  per  lb . 
0  6 
1 
6 
St.  Michael  Fines,  each  ..2  0 
6 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
0.  d. 
a. 
d. 
B.  d. 
B. 
d. 
Asparagus,  per  100  , .  . . 
0  0 
to  0 
0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet  0  2  to  0 
4 
Beans,  \  sieve  . 
0  0 
0 
0 
Oaiona,  bushel . 3  6 
4 
0 
Beet,  dozen . 
I  0 
0 
0 
Parsley, dozen  bunches  ..  2  0 
3 
0 
0  3 
0 
4 
Parsnips,  dozen  ..  ..  1  0 
0 
6 
Cauliflowers,  dozen  ..  .. 
2  0 
3 
0 
Potatoes,  per  cwt . 2  0 
4 
9 
Celery,  bundle  . 
1  0 
0 
0 
Salsafy,  bundle . 1  0 
1 
0 
Ooleworta, dozen  bnnohes 
2  0 
« 
i 
Seakale,  per  basket  . .  . .  1  3 
1 
0 
Cucumbers, dozen  ..  .. 
1  0 
i 
0  1 
Soorzonera,  bundle  ..  ..  1  6 
0 
0 
1  3 
1 
5  1 
Shallots,  per  lb  ..  ..  ..  0  3 
0 
0 
0  3 
0 
u 
Spinach,  pad  ..  ..  ..  0  0 
4 
0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0 
0 
Sprouts, half  sieve  ..  ..  1  8 
I 
0 
Lettuce, dozen  . 
1  3 
0 
0 
Tomatoes,  per  lb . 0  4 
0 
n 
Muthrooms,  per  lb . 
0  0 
0 
9 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
8.  d. 
0. 
d. 
8.  d. 
8. 
a. 
Arbor  Vlt«  (various)  doz. 
6  0to36 
0 
Ficus  elastica,  each  ..  ..  1  0  to  T 
0 
Aipidiitra,  dozen  . .  . . 
18  0 
36 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var.  each  1  0 
5 
0 
Aspidistra, specimen  plant 
5  0 
10 
6 
Hyacinths  (Roman),  dozen 
Chrysanthemums, per  dnz. 
4  0 
9 
0 
pots .  6  0 
8 
0 
„  per  plant 
1  0 
2 
0 
Lycopodiums,  dozen  . .  . .  3  0 
4 
0 
Cyclamen,  per  dozen . .  . . 
9  0 
18 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  dozen..  9  0 
13 
0 
Dracaena,  various,  dozen .. 
L2  0 
30 
0 
Myrtles,  dozen . 8  0 
9 
0 
Dracaena  viridig,  dozen  . . 
9  0 
18 
0 
Palms,  in  var..  each  ....  1  0 
15 
0 
Erica,  per  dozen . 
9  0 
12 
0 
,,  (specimens)  ..  ..  21  0 
63 
0 
„  hyemalis,  per  dozen  12  0 
16 
0 
Poineettia,  per  dozen..  ..12  0 
18 
0 
Baonymas.var.,  dozen  .. 
6  0 
18 
0 
Primula  shnensis,  per  dozen  4  0 
8 
0 
Evergreens,  in  var., dozen 
6  0 
24 
0 
Solanuma,  per  dozen  . .  ..12  0 
15 
0 
Perns  in  variety, dozen  .. 
4  0 
18 
0 
Tulips,  dozen  pots  ..  ..  6  0 
9 
0 
Perns  (small)  per  hundred 
4  0 
8 
0 
„  in  boxes,  per  dozen  0  6 
1 
0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE 
PRICES.- 
—OUT  FLOWERS. — Orchid  Blooms  in  variety. 
gv  d. 
8. 
d. 
B.  d. 
8. 
d 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  .. 
4  0  to  6 
0 
Mignonette,  dozen  bunches  3  0  to  8 
0 
A-sparagua  Pern,  per  bunoh 
2  0 
2 
6 
Mimosa  (Freuch)  per 
Azalea,  per  dozen  sprays  .. 
0  8 
1 
0 
bunoh . .  . . 1  0 
1 
6 
Bouvardias,  bunch  .. 
0  6 
0 
9 
Narciss,  White  (French), 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
1  0 
2 
6 
dozen  bunches . 1  8 
3 
0 
Christmas  Roses,  12  blooms 
1  0 
1 
6 
Narciss,  Yellow  (French), 
Chrysanthemums,  dozen 
dozen  bunches  . ,  . .  2  6 
4 
0 
bunches  . 
4  0 
9 
0 
Orchids,  various,  per  dozen 
Chrysanthemums, 12  blooms 
2  0 
6 
0 
blo'-ms  . 16 
12 
0 
Daffodils,  dozen  blooms 
0  9 
2 
6 
Pelargoniums,  12  bunches  6  0 
9 
0 
Buebaris, dozen  ..  ..  .. 
3  6 
4 
0 
Pyrothrum,  dozen  bunches  1  6 
3 
0 
Gardenias,  dozen  ..  .. 
2  0 
4 
0 
Roses  (indoor),  dozen  . .  10 
2 
0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
„  Tea,  white,  dozen  ..10 
3 
6 
bunches  . 
e  0 
9 
0 
„  Yellow,  dozen  (Niels)  6  0 
9 
0 
Hyacinths  (Roman).  12 
,,  Red.  dozen  blooms  ..  2  0 
3 
0 
sp  '.ys,  and  per  bunch  .. 
1  0 
1 
3 
„  Safrano  (English), 
Hyacinths,  dozen  pots  . . 
9  0 
12 
0 
dozen . 1  0 
3 
0 
Lilac,  White  (French),  per 
,,  Pink,  per  dozen  . .  . .  3  0 
6 
0 
bunch  . 
4  6 
6 
0 
Smilax.  per  biincb  ..  ..  3  8 
5 
0 
LUlum  longiflorum,  twelve 
Tuberoses.  12  blooms..  ,.0  6 
0 
9 
blooms  . . 
0  0 
8 
0 
Tulips,  dozen  blooms ..  0  9 
2 
0 
Ilily  of  the  Valley,  128ptay  s, 
Violet  Parme,  per  bunch  . .  SO 
4 
0 
per  bunoh . 
1  0 
2 
0 
„  per  doz.  bunches  . .  16 
2 
0 
Marguerites,  12  bunches  . . 
4  0 
6 
0 
„  (French),  per  dozen 
Maidenhair  Fern  ,  per  dozen 
bunches  . .  ..18 
8 
8 
bunches  ,  ..  ..  ..  ,, 
4  0 
8 
0 
1 
