58 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
July  15,  1887. 
Mrs.  W,  J.  Grant,  Victor  Hugo,  and  Madame  Gabriel  Luizet.  A  capital 
second  was  staged  by  Wm.  Stubbs,  Esq.,  the  best  being  Marchioness  of 
Londonderry,  Ulrich  Brunner,  Mrs.  J.  Laing,  Her  Majesty,  Emllie 
Hausburg.  and  G4n^ral  Jacqueminot.  Mr.  Machin  won  with  eighteen 
distinct,  Ulrich  Brunner,  Her  Majesty,  Maurice  Bernardin,  Louis  Van 
Hontte,  S.  M.  Rodocanachi,  and  Etienne  Levet  being  superb,  H.  G. 
Roberts,  Esq.,  was  an  excellent  second. 
Mr.  Machin  again  scored  easily  for  six  light  varieties  with  Mrs.  ,T, 
Laing,  and  six  dark  with  handsome  Ulrich  Brunner  ;  also  for  twelve 
Teas  and  Noisettes,  the  silver  medal  of  the  N.R  S.  being  awarded. 
Very  choice  were  Catherine  Mermet,  Jeanne  Ducher,  and  Innocente 
Pirola.  H,  J.  Roberts,  Esq.,  had  a  nice  stand  for  second  place.  T.  R. 
Bulley,  Esq.,  staged  well  for  twelve  distinct,  fine  being  Caroline  Testout, 
Ulrich  Brunner,  Marchioness  of  Londonderry,  Mrs.  J.  Laing,  Earl  of 
Dufferin,  Margaret  Dickson.  Dr,  Bell  second.  Alex.  Dickson  and 
Sons  were  granted  a  first-class  certificate  for  six  new  Roses  with  Lady 
Moyra  Beauclerk.  A.  J.  Mead,  Esq.,  won  the  N.R.S.  bronze  medal  and 
prize  for  six  varieties.  T,  R.  Bulley,  Esq.,  had  a  charming  stand  of 
twenty-four  distinct  hardy  perennials.  Amongst  the  number  of  good 
things  noted  being  Liliums  giganteum  and  testaceum,  and  Dianthus 
Atkineoni.  Dr,  Bell  was  first  for  twelve  varieties,  and  A.  J.  Mead,  Esq., 
for  six ;  Mr.  Jowett  following  in  each  class. 
The  two  Dicksons  had  also  splendid  stands,  the  Belfast  firm  staging 
eighty  bunches  of  new  and  rare  types,  and  the  Chester  firm  a  lesser 
number,  but  all  in  the  same  good  condition  as  the  former.  Hinton 
Spalding,  Esq.,  had  twelve  choice  Carnations.  Mr.  C,  A.  Young,  Floral 
Nursery,  West  Derby,  Liverpool,  had  a  stand  of  one  hundred  fiowers  of 
the  choicest  and  best  Carnations  and  Picotees,  the  Malmaisons,  for 
which  he  is  celebrated,  being  to  the  fore.  It  was  a  grand  exhibit,  and 
deservedly  admired  by  all  present. 
BATH, — July  10th. 
The  Rose  Show  was  held  in  the  Sydney  Gardens  under  blue  skies 
and  bright  sunshine.  Of  the  Show  itself,  says  the  “Bath  Herald,” 
very  little  room  for  adverse  criticism  can  be  found,  the  high  character  of 
the  exhibits  being  fairly  well  maintained,  while  the  prize  fund  offered 
had  suflScient  attractions  to  guarantee  a  good  average  show.  The  past 
season  has  probably  been  the  most  favourable  for  Rose  growing 
experienced  for  some  five  or  six  years,  and  its  effect  was  wonderfully 
apparent  in  the  excellent  condition  of  the  exhibits  and  their  general 
brightness  of  colour.  This  year  the  Committee  has  exhibited  a  com¬ 
mendable  spirit  of  enterprise,  and  several  attractive  features  appear 
which  are  novel  to  a  Rose  show.  Classes  have  been  introduced  ex¬ 
clusively  for  ladies,  and  the  interesting  display  of  decorated  bicycles 
and  tastefully  laid  but  dinner-tables,  which  lent  such  attractions,  must 
sufficiently  compensate  the  Committee  for  making  the  experiment.  The 
inclusion  of  such  a  novelty  for  a  Rose  show  as  a  musical  bicycle  ride  also 
aroused  additional  interest  in  the  fixture,  and  in  every  respect  the  Com¬ 
mittee  is  to  be  congratulated  upon  the  departure  from  the  old-time 
regime.  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Sons  scored  a  big  success  in  the  nurserymen’s 
department,  carrying  off  the  first  awards  in  both  the  premier  Rose 
classes,  while  in  the  amateurs’  section  similar  distinction  was  gained  by 
the  Rev.  J,  H.  Pemberton,  Mr.  S.  P.  Budd  being  placed  second  in  the 
leading  class.  To  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Sons  was  also  awarded  the  silver 
medal  of  the  National  Rose  Society  for  the  best  Hybrid  Perpetual  Rose 
in  the  Show  for  Susanne  Marie  Rodocanachi,  the  other  medal  given  by 
the  National  Society  being  secured  by  Mr.  J.  Mattock  of  Oxford  for 
The  Bride.  Begonias  made  a  charming  display.  We  subjoin  the  prize¬ 
winners  in  a  few  of  the  principal  Rose  classes. 
The  chief  Rose  class  was  for  seventy-two  distinct  varieties,  single 
trusses. — First,  Messrs.  G,  Cooling  &  Sons.  Second,  Messrs,  Paul  and 
Son.  For  thirty-six,  three  trusses  of  each. — Messrs.  George  Cooling  and 
Sons  received  the  premier  award,  while  for  eighteen  Mr.  J.  Mattock  was 
first,  Mr.  G.  Mount  second,  Mr.  C.  Turner  third.  In  the  class  for  thirty- 
six  single  trusses, — First,  Mr.  J.  Mattock.  Second,  Mr.  G.  Mount. 
Third,  Mr.  S.  Tresedar  ;  and  for  eighteen  Teas  or  Noisettes,  distinct 
varieties,  single  trusses. — First,  J.  Mattock.  Second,  S.  Tresedar. 
Third,  G.  Mount. 
In  the  amateurs’  division  the  first  prize  for  thirty-six  distinct  varieties, 
single  trusses,  went  to  Rev.  J.  H.  Pemberton,  and  the  second  to  Mr. 
S.  P.  Budd.  For  twenty-four  distinct  varieties,  single  trusses,  the  prize¬ 
winners  were  Messrs.  T.  Hobbs,  J.  Parker,  and  Rev.  Powley  in  the  order 
named.  For  twelve. — First,  Rev.  R.  Powley.  Second,  T.  Hobbs. 
Third,  J.  Parker.  While  for  twelve,  three  trusses  of  each,  T.  Hobbs  was 
first,  Rev.  R.  Powley  second,  and  J.  Smith  third. 
In  the  class  for  eighteen  Teas  and  Noisettes,  distinct  varieties,  single 
trusses — First,  A.  Hill  Gray,  Second,  S.  P.  Budd.  For  twelve — First, 
R.  Foley  Hobbs.  Second,  J.  Parker.  Third,  J.  Hinton.  Six 
ditto,  three  trusses  of  each — First,  A.  Hill  Gray.  Second,  Rev.  R. 
Powley.  Third,  J.  Parker.  The  most  decorative  arrangement  of  Roses, 
space  not  exceeding  10  feet  long  by  4  feet  wide  (small  plants  of  Palms, 
Ferns,  or  Mosses  in  pots  mav  be  used  in  this  group) — First,  Messrs,  George 
Cooling  &  Sons.  Second,  Mr.  George  Garraway. 
The  Weeping  of  Vines.  —  After  the  spring  pruning  in  the 
vineyards,  water  is  seen  trickling  down  the  stems,  and  in  France  this  is 
poetically  called  the  “  weeping  of  the  Vine.”  Prof.  Cornu,  a  botanist, 
has  recently  studied  this  phenomenon,  and  he  says  it  is  due  to  the 
abundant  absorption  of  water  by  the  roots  of  the  Vine  in  spring  time. 
The  water  is  forced  through  all  the  branches  and.  stems  to  their  very 
tips,  and  where  they  are  cut  by  the  pruner  it  oozes  out  like  teardrops. 
DWARF  PHILADELPHUS. 
The  tall-growing  species  and  varieties  of  Philadelphus  are  well 
known  to  most  people.  The  dwarf  ones,  however,  are  by  no  means  so 
universally  grown.  As  far  as  beauty  and  use  go,  they  are  quite  as 
pretty,  and,  if  anything,  more  useful  than  their  taller  growing  relatives, 
as  they  can  be  grown  in  a  number  of  places  where  tall  ones  would  be 
out  of  place,  and  a  good  constitution ed,  quick-growing,  and  free-flowering 
shrub  is  wanted.  The  dwarf  race  of  Philadelphus  has  been  brought 
about  by  the  dwarf  species  P.  microphyllua  being  crossed  with  P.  coro- 
narius,  Messrs.  Lemoine  of  Nancy  being  the  principal  workers  in  this 
direction. 
P.  microphyllus  grows  to  a  height  of  about  2^  feet  when  mature,  and 
forms  a  dense  bush  made  up  of  slender,  upright  branches.  The  leaves 
are  about  half  an  inch  long  covered  (especially  on  the  under  surface) 
with  silvery  down.  The  flowers  are  half  an  inch  across,  and  freely  pro¬ 
duced  during  June. 
P.  Lemoinei  is  a  hybrid,  one  of  the  offspring  of  the  foregoing 
parents.  It  may  be  grown  to  a  height  of  3  feet,  but  can  be  kept  for 
several  years  at  little  more  than  half  that.  The  branches  are  thin  and 
pendent,  the  leaves  ovate  with  an  acuminate  apex,  2  inches  long,  the 
upper  half  slightly  serrate,  with  a  few  minute  hairs  on  both  surfaces. 
The  flowers  are  pure  white,  three-quarters  to  1  inch  across,  and  very 
sweetly  scented.  The  flowers  are  produced  along  the  whole  of  the  past 
summer’s  growth.  A  variety  of  this,  known  as  “P.  Lemoinei  var. 
erectus,”  is  similar  to  the  former  in  all  respects  save  in  its  more  upright 
habit ;  if  anything  it  shows  its  fiowers  off  to  the  better  advantage  of 
the  two. 
P.  Gerbe  de  Neige  is  much  like  the  former,  but  the  flowers  and  leaves 
are  larger.  P.  Boule  d’Argent  is  very  similar  in  habit  to  P.  Lemoinei,  but 
the  flowers  are  double,  and  inclined  to  cream  rather  than  white.  The 
golden-leaved  variety  of  the  common  Philadelphus,  P.  coronarius  var. 
foliis  aureis,  never  grows  very  tall.  It  forms  a  thick  bush,  which  by 
I  pruning  can  be  kept  from  1 J  to  2  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  of  a  beautiful 
golden  colour,  which  makes  the  plant  worth  growing  for  that  cause 
alone. 
The  cultivation  of  these  plants  is  simple.  Given  almost  any  kind 
of  soil  with  top-dressings  of  manure  occasionally,  they  are  almost  sure 
to  thrive.  After  flowering  in  the  P.  Lemoinei  section  the  shoots  should 
be  cut  back  to  where  young  growths  are  springing  from  the  base.  By 
keeping  the  old  wood  cut  out  more  room  is  left  for  long  new  branches  to 
be  made,  the  consequence  of  which  is  a  greater  wealth  of  blossoms. 
People  who  intend  planting  shrubs,  especially  those  whose  shrubbery 
room  is  restricted,  cannot  do  better  than  include  these  in  their  selection. 
— W.  D. 
THE  CALIFORNIA  ORCHARDS. 
The  fruit  crop  of  California  is  again  below  the  average,  owing  to 
frosts  in  some  districts,  and  to  hot  dry  winds  in  others.  A  few  valleys 
report  larger  crops  than  usual,  and  single  orchards  are  in  some  cases 
well  laden,  though  surrounded  by  others  that  have  no  fruit.  The 
following  notes  are  from  personal  observation  and  the  reports  of 
correspondents : — 
Almonds  are  much  below  the  average,  but  in  a  few  districts  show  a 
large  crop.  Apricots  are  generally  excellent,  except  in  Sacramento, 
Kern,  and  parts  of  Ventura  counties.  Cherries  are  below  the  average, 
j  particularly  the  large,  light-coloured  varieties,  such  as  Royal  Ann. 
j  Peaches  are  difficult  to  report  upon,  because  districts  vary  so  greatly,  but 
I  the  crop  is  thought  to  be  only  an  average  one.  Pears,  Plums,  and  Prunes 
'  promise  a  fair  crop  in  a  few  places,  but  seem  to  be  short  in  many 
orchards.  Los  Gatos,  San  Benito,  and  Solano  districts  report  the  Prune 
crop  as  from  one-third  to  one-half  of  the  average  season.  The  Pears 
also  have  fallen  badly.  In  fact  it  is  too  early  to  determine  exactly  the 
prospects  for  either  Pears  or  Prunes.  Apples  seem  to  be  in  good 
condition.  Walnuts  are  up  to  the  average.  The  Grape  crop,  so  far  as 
reported,  is  better  than  usual. 
In  most  cases  under  my  own  observations,  more  injury  was  done  by 
the  failure  of  late  rains  and  by  the  hot  days  of  early  April  than  by 
frosts.  But  in  the  parts  of  the  State  subject  to  frosts  there  has  been 
much  injury  to  deciduous  fruit  trees  from  “  sour  sap,”  which,  as  Professor 
Woodworth  of  the  University  of  California  recently  explained,  consists 
in  the  fermentation  of  the  sap  of  the  plant  by  apparently  the  same 
organisms  that  cause  the  souring  of  milk.  Root  sour  sap  occurs  after 
very  wet  winters,  in  badly  drained  soil,  and  the  smaller  roots  rot  away. 
Sour  sap  in  the  trunk  and  branches  of  trees  occurs  when  late  frosts, 
after  warm  days,  rupture  the  growing  cells,  so  that  decay  organisms 
find  entrance.  One  orchard  association  has  reported  the  loss  of  a 
thousand  large  trees  from  this  sour  sap. 
Taking  a  general  view  of  the  fruit  industry  of  California,  as  should 
be  occasionally  done  so  as  to  prevent  people  from  making  unprofitable 
investments,  the  outlook  is  not  very  encouraging  except  in  a  few  limited 
directions.  Of  course,  reports  of  large  profits  made  by  persons  engaged 
in  fruit  growing  still  continue,  but  at  present  they  should  be  believed 
only  after  careful  judgment.  The  average  orchardist  has  not  made  any 
money  to  speak  of  for  three  seasons  past,  and  some  of  the  leading  men 
in  the  business  have  become  bankrupt.  Some  orchards  have  been  cut 
down  and  many  have  been  regrafted.  This  is  particularly  true  of 
Almonds,  which  have  been  grafted  over  to  Prunes. 
There  is  now  a  general  feeling  in  California  that  the  fruit  industry 
ought  not  to  have  much,  if  any,  expansion  for  several  years  to  come. 
‘  Perhaps  one  fruit  grower  in  a  hundred  will  find  orchard  extension 
