July  lli,  189?. 
63 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTIGULTURF  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
Photograph  of  Grapes  {Barry  Dock'), — One  of  the  best  photo¬ 
graphs  o(  Grapes  we  have  seea  has  been  sent  to  us,  but  as  it  contains  no 
endorsement,  and  as  a  letter  referring  to  these  Grapes  cannot  be  found, 
we  shall  be  obliged  if  the  grower  of  them,  if  this  request  should  meet  his 
eye,  will  communicate  with  us  on  the  subject.  We  have  been  informed 
that  they  have  been  grown  by  following  instructions  which  have  been 
given  in  the  Journal  of  Horticulture. 
“Rust”  on  Grapes  {Biakedown).  —  This  is  occasioned  (1)  by 
excessive  moisture  suddenly  evaporated  from  the  berries,  such  as 
allowing  the  house  to  remain  closed  for  a  time  in  the  morning  when  it 
ought  to  have  air,  and  then  throwing  the  ventilators  open  ;  (2)  rubbing 
with  the  hands  or  bead  in  thinning,  &c. ;  (3)  steam  arising  from  hot- 
water  pipes  ;  (4)  using  hard  or  irony  water  for  syringing  ;  (5)  fumes  of 
sulphur  arising  from  it  op  hot-water  pipes ;  and  (6)  sudden  depressions 
or  fluctuations  of  temperature.  It  may  also  arise  from  insect  or  fungoid 
attacks,  but  generally  through  cultural  defects. 
Judging  Flowers  {H.  TV.  6). — We  do  not  know  whether  all 
judges  have  a  copy  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society’s  Judging  Cole 
with  them  when  adjudicating  at  shows  ;  but  we  know  that  some  of  the 
most  experienced  judges  have  it  in  their  possession.  Not  judges  only, 
but  exhibitors,  should  have  a  copy  of  the  rules  for  reference  from  time 
to  time,  as  may  be  needed.  This  Judging  Code,  which  contains  the  chief 
points  of  merit  and  defects  in  various  kinds  of  flowers,  fruit,  and 
vegetables,  can  be  had  in  return  for  Is.  Id.,  sent  to  the  Secretary, 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  117,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster. 
Exterminating  Cockchafers  {Chy). — The  best  plan  of  dealing 
with  the  adults  infesting  trees  is  to  place  sheets  on  the  ground  in  the 
morning,  or  on  dull  days  early  in  the  afternoon,  when  the  beetles  are 
clinging  beneath  the  leaves,  and  are  dull  and  not  likely  to  take  wing. 
They  may  be  swept  together,  after  shaking  off  the  trees  or  shrubs,  and 
destroyed.  There  is  no  better  plan  than  the  shaking  down  to  get  rid  of 
the  beetles,  but  children  on  a  summer’s  evening  will  catch  hundreds 
with  an  ordinary  butterfly  net  on  a  cane.  We  hardly  think,  however, 
that  you  have  the  May  bug  (Melolontha  vulgaris),  but  the  June  bug,  or 
lesser  May  bug  (Phyllopertha  horticola),  generally  the  commoner  insect, 
and  usually  confounded.  Both  have  a  similar  life  history.  After  pairing 
the  female  burrows  into  the  ground  to  a  depth  of  about  6  inches,  and 
deposits  thirty  or  more  whitish  or  pale  yellow  eggs,  from  which  hatch 
small  whitish-yellow  grubs,  and  in  the  spring  feed  on  roots  of  growing: 
plants,  where  they  soon  become  thick  and  fleshy,  and  often  so  shear  off 
the  roots  as  to  make  the  affected  plants  wither,  especially  grass  on  lawns 
in  bad  cases.  In  the  winter  they  descend  deeper  into  the  soil,  but  only 
to  come  up  again  the  following  spring  and  pursue  their  feeding.  Thus 
they  work  for  three  seasons  until  full-fed,  when  the  grubs  are  large  and 
descend  deep  into  the  earth,  sometimes  2  feet  or  more,  change  to  pupse 
in  oval  cells,  becoming  perfect  insects  by  the  following  spring,  and  in 
due  course  appear  above  ground.  At  that  time  the  starlings  are  ready 
to  receive  them,  as  they  have  young  with  strong  appetites,  and  poultry 
delight  in  the  chafers,  also  pigs.  Thus  in  May,  June,  and  July  the 
beetles  appear  in  the  fourth  year  from  the  depositing  of  the  eggs.  For 
the  grubs  there  is  nothing  better  than  a  dressing  of  kainit  and  ni'rate 
of  soda,  7  lbs.  of  the  first  and  If  lb.  of  the  latter  per  rod,  applying  when 
the  grubs  are  active  near  the  surface.  The  amount  named  is  for  bad 
cases  ;  in  moderate  affections  half  quantity  suffices. 
ItCelon  laoaves  Diseased  {D.  J.) — The  leaves  have  succumbed 
to  the  attacks  of  a  fungus,  Phoma  lanigera,  which,  by  its  mycelial 
hyphffi  in  the  tissues,  causes  them  to  wither  as  if  scorched.  The  germ 
tuies  from  the  spores  of  the  parasite  enter  the  leaf  tissue  where  the 
spots  appear,  and  the  minute  pustules  or  receptacles  of  the  “  fruits  ” 
appear  later.  In  some  seasons  the  pest  is  very  troublesome,  as  it  causes 
the  destruction  of  the  foliage  to  a  great  extent  before  the  fruits  are  fully 
swelled,  and  they  in  consequence  do  not  finish,  while  in  bad  cases  the 
plants  die  from  the  leaves  downwards,  being  perfectly  sound  in  stem 
and  roots,  yet  so  affected  as  not  to  push  laterals,  and  the  fruit  cannot 
possibly  swell  or  ripen.  The  cause  is  the  spores  of  the  fungus  gaining 
access  to  the  plants,  but  how  is  matter  for  speculation,  and  the  predis¬ 
position  commonly  arises  from  excess  of  vegetable  matter  in  the  soil, 
with  a  somewhat  close  and  moist  atmosphere.  The  best  preventive  we 
have  tried  has  been  the  addition  to  the  soil  of  calcareous  matter  ;  we 
having  used  basic  slag  phosphate,  a  good  handful  (4  ozs.)  per  square 
yard,  mixed  with  the  soil  after  placing  in  the  bed,  with  good  effect.  The 
better  plan,  however,  is  to  use  a  mixture  of  basic  slag  phosphate  and 
kainit  in  equal  parts,  sprinkling  2  ozs.  of  the  mixture  on  each  square 
yard  of  the  turves  as  placed  in  the  layers  of  about  3  inches  thickness  in 
the  autumn.  The  lime  evidently  gets  converted  into  nitrate,  and  thus 
readily  taken  up  by  the  plants,  appears  to  act  against  the  inroads  of  the 
fungus.  We  have  also  found  that  top-dressings  of  the  advertised  ferti¬ 
lisers  act  well  as  preventives  by  fortifying  the  plants  with  lime  and  other 
mineral  elements,  so  that  they  successfully  resist  the  fungus,  etpecially 
when  the  structures  are  well  ventilated,  particularly  in  the  early  part  of 
the  day,  so  as  to  prevent  the  germination  of  the  spores.  Indeed,  air 
appears  the  best  preventive  combined  with  lime  in  the  soil.  We  have 
known  a  dressing  of  three  parts  bone  superphosphate,  one  part  muriate 
of  potash,  and  half  a  part  sulphate  of  magnesia,  mixed,  using  2  ozs.  per 
square  yard,  to  act  well ;  but  the  usual  fertilisers  contain  these  ingre¬ 
dients,  and  are  handy. 
Rames  of  Flantu. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  plants, 
not  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  tan  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp. 
{C.  6.  df.); — 1,  Habrothamnus  elegans  ;  2,  Coprosma  Bauriana  variegata  ; 
3,  Centropogon  Lucyanus.  {D.  S.). — 1,  Oiontoglossum  citrosmum  ; 
2,  Cassia  corymbosa.  {T,  C.  i?,). — 1,  Tradescantia  virginica  ;  2,  Luculia 
gratissima ;  3,  Centaurea  speciosa ;  4,  Alstiomeria  aurantiaca ;  5 
Astrantia  minor.  {V.  Z'), — Cnnum  capense.  (i2.  P.). — If  growing 
under  glass  the  specimen  is  Jasminum  rubigerum,  if  out  of  doors 
J.  revolutum. 
TRADE  CATALOGUES  RECEIVED. 
Letellier  et  Fils,  Caen,  France. — Cinerarias  and  Cannas, 
J.  Sharpe  &  Son,  Bardney. — Agricultural  and  Vegetable  Seeds. 
COVENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— .July  14th. 
FRUIT. 
s.  d. 
B.  d. 
6.  d. 
8.  d. 
Apples,  ^  sieve' . 
•  •  • 
0  OtoO  0 
Lemons,  case  . 
*v  • 
11  0tol4  0 
Filberts  and  Cobs,  100 
lbs. 
0  0 
0  0 
St.  Michael’s  Pines, 
each 
3  0 
8  0 
Grapes,  lb . 
•  •  • 
0  8 
2  0 
Strawberries,  per  lb.... 
••• 
0  3 
1  0 
VEGETABLES. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d  • 
Asparagus,  per  100  ... 
0  0  to  0  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0  2  to  0  4 
Beans,  ^  sieve  . 
0  0 
0  0 
Onions,  bushel . 
••• 
8  G 
4  u 
Beet,  Red,  doz  . 
•  •  • 
1  0 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
Carrots,  bunch . 
0  3 
0  4 
Parsnips,  doz  . 
••• 
1  0 
0  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
2  0 
3  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
2  0 
4  0 
Celery,  bundle . 
1  0 
0  0 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
••• 
1  0 
0  0 
Coleworts,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
4  0 
Seakale,  basket . 
1  6 
1  9 
Cucumbers . 
•  •  • 
0  4 
0  8 
Scorzonera,  bundle  ... 
1  6 
0  0 
Endive,  doz . 
1  3 
1  6 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  3 
0  0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
•  •  • 
0  3 
0  0 
Spinach,  pad  . 
0  0 
0  4 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
•  •• 
0  2 
0  0 
Sprouts,  J  sieve . 
1  6 
1  9 
Lettuce,  doz . 
1  3 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  lb . 
0  4 
0  0 
Mushrooms,  lb . 
•  •• 
0  6 
0  8 
Turnips,  bunch . 
••• 
0  3 
0  0 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
8.  d. 
B.  d. 
s.  d. 
8.  d.' 
Arbor  Vitoe,  var.  doz. 
*•* 
6  0to36  0 
Heliotropes,  per  doz. 
4  0  to  6  0 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
•  •• 
18  0 
i.6  0 
Hydrangeas,  doz. 
... 
8  0 
10  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
•  •• 
5  0 
10  G 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz.... 
12  0 
18  0 
Calceolarias,  doz.  ... 
•  *  • 
3  0 
6  0 
Lobelias,  doz . 
... 
2  6 
4  0i 
Coleus,  doz . 
•  •  • 
2  6 
4  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz.  ... 
••  • 
3  0 
4  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.  ... 
•  •  • 
12  0 
30  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz. 
... 
6  0 
9  0 
Dracaena,  viridis,  doz. 
•  •  • 
9  0 
18  0 
Mignonette,  doz. 
4  0 
G  0 
Euonyrnus,  var.,  dozen 
,,, 
t)  0 
18  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
... 
6  0 
9  0 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
•  •• 
4  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each... 
... 
1  0 
15  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz. 
•  •• 
4  0 
18  0 
,,  specimens 
... 
21  0 
63  0 
Ferns,  small,  100 
•  •  • 
4  0 
G  0 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  ... 
... 
8  0 
12  0 
Ficus  elastics,  each  ... 
•  •  ■ 
1  0 
7  0 
,,  Scarlet, 
doz. 
3  0 
6  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0 
5  0 
Rhodanthe,  doz. 
... 
4  0 
6  0 
Fuchsias,  doz . 
... 
4  0 
6  0 
Spiraea,  doz . 
... 
6  0 
9  0 
Bedding  plants  in  great  variety. 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— CUT  FLOWERS.— Orchid  Blooms  in 
variety. 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  ... 
Asparagus  Fern,  bunch  ... 
Bouvardias,  bunch  . 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
Cornflower,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
Eucharis,  doz . 
Gardenias,  doz . 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnchs . 
Gladioli,  doz.  bnchs. 
Iris  (var.),  doz.  bnchs. 
Lilium  longiflorum,  12 
blooms  . 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  sprays 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
bnchs . 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
2  0  to  4  0 
2  0  3  (! 
0  4  0  G 
10  3  0 
16  3  0 
3  0  4  0 
2  0  4  0 
4  0  6  0 
4  0  8  0 
4  0  0  0 
2  0  4  0 
10  2  0 
4  0  8 
Marguerites,  12  bnchs.  ... 
Mignonette,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
Myosotis,  doz.  bunches  ... 
Orchids,  var.  doz.  blooms. 
Pelargoniums,  12  bnchs. ... 
Pinks,  doz.  bnchs . 
Pyrethrum,  doz.  bnchs  .... 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
,,  Tea,  white,  doz. 
„  Yellow,  doz.  (Niels) 
„  Red,  doz.  blooms  ... 
„  Safrano  (English)  doz. 
„  Pink,  doz . 
,,  outdoor,  doz.  bnchs. 
Smilax,  bunch . 
Tuberoses,  12  blooms 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
2 
0to3 
0 
2 
0 
4 
0 
1 
6 
2 
0 
1 
G 
.12 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
2 
0 
6 
0 
1 
6 
3 
0 
0 
6 
1 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
1 
6 
4 
0 
1 
0 
3 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
6 
0 
2 
0 
6 
0 
3 
0 
4 
0 
.1 
0 
1 
6 
CROP  PROSPECTS .  AND  THE  FOOD  SUPPLY. 
It  has  been  generally  understood  of  late — that  is  to  say,  daring 
the  last  few  months — that  the  world’s  supply  of  Wheat,  and  other 
breadstuffs  equal  to  Wheat,  has  been  barely  sufficient  for  the 
demands  which  would  be  made  upon  it  before  the  forthcoming 
harvest  could  be  placed  upon  the  market.  That  this  idea  may  have 
been  an  exaggerated  one  is  probable,  for  the  price  of  Wheat  has 
/ 
