226 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
September  2,  1897. 
was  first,  and  jVIr.  F.  Burgess  second.  Tuberous  Begonias  were  well 
shown  by  Messrs.  .1.  B.  Blackmore,  J.  Cornish,  and  J.  Rogers.  Hardy 
herbaceous  flowers  in  bunches  wei’e  quite  a  feature.  With  these  Mr.  W. 
Smith  was  first,  and  Mr.  G.  Garraway  second.  Mr.  J.  Cypher  was  first 
for  stove  and  greenhouse  flowor.s,  and  IMr,  A.  T.  Robinson  second. 
Sprays,  buttonhole  boiKjuets,  memorial  wreaths,  and  vases  were  all 
numerous  and  good. 
Asters  in  the  amateurs’  classes  were  particularly  good,  and  with  these 
the  prizewinners  were  .Messrs.  Isaac  and  .1.  Burgess.  Mr.  Tovvill  was 
first,  and  Mr.  F.  Shepherd  second,  for  hardy  herbaceous  flowers  in  a 
well  filled  class.  .Mr.  \V.  Rye  staged  the  best  bunches  of  choice  flowers, 
Mr.  Towill  taking  the  second  prize.  Mr.  T.  Hobbs  gained  all  three  first 
prizes  for  Roses,  .Mr.  .1.  Newman  also  showing  well.  Hollyhocks  appear 
to  be  more  popular  about  Kingswood  than  in  most  other  districts.  With 
these  .Mr.  ,1.  Burgess  was  first,  and  Mr.  S.  Bright  second.  Mr.  ,T.  New¬ 
man  was  first,  and  .Mr.  T.  Hobbs  second  for  double  Dahlias,  and  Mr. 
.1.  Burgess  first,  and  Mr.  S.  Bright  second,  for  single  varieties  in  well 
contested  classes.  Mr.  F.  ,1.  Tarr  was  first,  and  Mr.  .1.  Burgess  second, 
for  Zonal  Pelargoniums. 
There  was  a  slight  falling  off  observable  in  the  quality  and  quantity 
of  the  Grapes  shown,  but  all  the  other  fruit  classes  were  better  filled 
than  might  reasonably  have  been  anticipated.  The  silver  cup  offered  for 
a  collection  of  eight  varieties  of  fruit  was  awarded  to  Mr.  AV.  Marsh, 
Bath,  who  had  fine,  well-coloured  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Ale.xandria  Grapes, 
a  good  fruit  of  Sutton’s  Perfection  Melon,  Dymond  Peaches,  Pineapple 
Nectarines,  Brunswick  Fip,  Goliath  Plums,  and  Morello  Cherries.  Mr. 
.1.  Lloyd,  gardener  to  Vincent  Stuckey,  Es(].,  Langport,  was  a  close 
second,  but  staged  Grapes  that  had  previously  done  good  service.  Mr. 
T.  Wilkins  was  third.  In  another  class  for  a  collection  of  eight  dishes  of 
fruit  Mr.  ,T.  Lloyd  was  first  ;  Mr.  G.  Garraway,  Bath,  was  second  ;  and 
Mr.  W.  Allen  third.  Local  growers  had  also  another  chance  of  excelling 
with  a  collection  of  fruit.  In  this  instance  Mr.  S.  Bryant  was  first. 
Mr.  Marsh  showed  the  best  black  Grapes  in  the  open  classes,  well 
coloured  clusters  of  Alicante,  though  these  would  have  been  beaten  by 
the  large  and  remarkably  well  “finished”  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh 
shown  in  a  local  class  by  Mr.  F.  Bainton.  ^Ir.  ,J.  Marshall,  gardener  to 
J.  Dole,  Ksq.,  Clifton,  was  second  with  (Jros  Maroc  in  good  condition. 
In  the  class  for  any  white  Grapes  Mr.  Marshall  was  first  for  a  perfect 
bunch  each  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria  and  Buckland  Sweetwater  ;  second, 
iMr.  .1.  Lloyd.  The  other  exhibits  of  fruit  call  for  no  particular  comment 
beyond  the  fact  that  both  culinary  and  dessert  Apples  were  remarkably 
good,  notably  Lord  Suffield,  Warner's  King,  Peasgood’s  Nonesuch,  Irish 
Peach,  and  Quarrenden. 
Classes  were  provided  for  all  kinds  of  vegetables  in  season,  all  of 
which  were  well  filled,  while  the  quality  of  the  produce  was  first-class 
throughout.  The  numerous  collections  staged  made  a  most  imposing 
display.  Mr.  T.  Wilkins  was  well  first  with  a  collection  of  eio-ht 
varieties.  Mr.  G.  Garraway  was  second,  and  Messrs.  ,T.  B.  Woods  and 
Son  third.  In  the  local  class  for  a  collection  Mr.  1),  Jeffries  was  first 
and  Mr.  A.  Fox  was  second.  The  cottagers  also  made  a  grand  display 
of  fruit,  flowers,  vegetables,  and  honey.  ^ 
Special  mention  ought  to  be  made  of  the  efforts  of  the  ladies  in  classes 
for  table  decorations.  Not  only  were  the  competitors  numerous,  but 
they  displayed  excellent  taste  throughout.  The  most  successful  were 
IMrs.  T.  Meadeu,  Miss  Jessie  Martin,  Miss  F.  Bush,  Miss  Louisa  Haskins, 
Mrs.  .1.  Rogers,  Miss  Howes,  and  iliss  Florence  Bush. 
SWANSEA.— August  26th. 
Horticulturists  in  Swansea  and  the  surrounding  district  are  to 
be  congratulated  on  their  first  horticultural  exhibition.  They  succeeded 
admirably  so  far  as  the  number  of  entrants,  the  high  standard  of  the 
various  charmingly  arranged  groups,  the  beautiful  stands  of  cut  flowers, 
and  the  highly  creditable  display  of  fruit  and  vegetables,  were  concerned. 
For  the  best  arranged  group,  occupying  a  space  of  100  square  feet, 
there  were  five  competitors.  The  first  prize  collection  was  staged  by  Mr! 
G.  Hawkins,  gardener  to  Mrs.  Turbeville  ;  Mr.  Farrant,  Swansea,  taking 
second  honours,  and  Mr.  Carpenter  third,  each  showing  creditably.  In 
the  class  for  a  smaller  group  there  were  four  exhibitors.  The  first 
prize  went  to  Mr.  R.  Downing,  gardener  to  H.  Bath,  Esq.,  Swansea; 
second,  .1.  C.  Gorvin,  Esq.  For  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants’, 
distinct,  Mr.  Carpenter  was  awarded  the  prize  ;  Mr.  Bowen,  Swansea, 
being  a  close  second.  The  last  named  was  successful  with  Ferns,  showing 
well.^  The  class  for  twelve  table  plants  was  a  good  one,  IMr.  Farrant 
winning  ;  IMr.  R.  Crossling,  Penai-th,  was  second.  Mr.  Hughes,  gardener 
to  ,1,  Taylor,  Esq.,  staged  the  best  Begonias. 
Wreaths  and  crosses  were  well  shown  by  Messrs.  Treseder,  Cardiff, 
and  Barron,  Swansea.  The  last  named  staged  the  best  ball  and  bridal 
bouquet,  both  being  creditable  examples  ;  Mr.  Farrant  taking  second 
place.  Mr.  Pride  was  first  for  the  best  arranged  epergne  ;  and  Miss 
B.  Gibbon  second.  .Mr.  W.  Treseder  won  for  buttonhole  and  sprays 
‘  ^  arranged  basket.  Sweet  Peas,  Dahlia  ; 
and  hardy  annuals  were  well  shown,  also  Asters,  while  in  the  Rose  classes 
Mr.  Ralph  Crossling  proved  invincible. 
i\Ir.  J.  Cleeve,  gardener  to  J.  H.  Rogers,  Esq.,  Llanelly,  w'as  first  for 
a  collection  of  fruit,  with  good  ^Muscat  Grapes,  Williams’ Ifoars,  Rivers’ 
Orange  Nectarine,  a  good  Melon,  Peaches,  and  Plums.  Mr.  G.  Hawkins 
was  second  .1.  H.  Pogers,  Esq.,  took  first  for  the  best  six  dishes  of  dessert 
Apples,  and  followed  up  by  taking  the  prize  for  a  similar  number  of 
kitchen  varieties.  For  a  single  dish  of  dessert  Apples,  IMr.  Wilkins  won. 
hor  six  bunches  of  Grapes  in  three  varieties,  Mr.  P.  Richards  was  to  the 
tore  with  creditable  pieces,  Mr.  Hawkins  taking  second  place.  In  the 
class  for  Black  Hamburgh  Air.  G.  Davidson  was  a  good  first  with  medium 
bunches,  splendidly  finished.  The  bek  Aluscats  were  staged  by  Mr. 
Richards,  and  Mr.  Cleeve,  Llanelly,  the  first  named  winning  for  any 
other  black  Grajies,  Air.  Hawkins  taking  second  place. 
The  Society’s  class  for  nine  vegetables  was  well  contested.  Air. 
Pleasants,  gardener  to  T.  Penrice,  Es(i.,  and  Mr.  .Jones,  gardener  to 
N.  Powell,  Esq.,  were  eiiual  first,  staging  good  produce.  .1.  Alorgan, 
E.s(].,  third.  Potatoes  were  put  up  in  large  numbers.  For  the  best  si.x 
dishes  1).  Thomas,  Es<].,  was  awarded  the  prize,  .1.  H.  Rogers,  Esip, 
being  a  very  good  second.  Air.  S.  Pugh  staged  the  best  Tomatoes,  Air. 
Hawkins  second.  Air.  J.  Crofts  had  the  best  brace  of  Cucumbers, 
and  D.  Davies,  Esq.,  the  best  Runner  Beans.  Carrots,  Celery,  Leeks, 
and  Onions  were  all  well  staged  in  their  several  classes. 
Air.  W.  Treseder,  Cardiff,  had  a  pleasing  show  of  Dahlias  and  hardy 
flowers  in  variety.  Messrs.  Wm.  Clioran  &  Sons,  Alanchester,  sent  hardy 
cut  flowers  in  great  variety,  and  Messrs.  Kelway  a  very  fine  exhibit  of 
Gladioli,  Delphiniums,  Gaillardias,  and  Dahlias. 
THE  YOUNG  GARDENEHS’  DOMAIN. 
Men  of  the  Future. 
As  in  previous  quarters,  marks  of  merit  have  been  accorded  to  the 
literary  jiroduetions  of  young  gardeners.  During  the  second  quarter  of 
the  year,  the  greatest  number  was  obtained  by  Mr.  W.  Tyndall,  The 
Gardens,  Charleville  Forest,  Tullamore,  and  a  gold  fountain  pen  was  for¬ 
warded  to  him.  He  was,  however,  run  dangerously  close  by  another 
correspondent,  who  did  not  seem  able  to  write  for  a  few  weeks.  We  have 
received  the  following  acknowledgment  from  the  recipient 
Your  kind  letter,  also  the  gold  fountain  pen,  are  received  safely,  for  which 
accept  my  best  thanks.  Surely  young  gardeners  ought  to  take  advantage  of 
the  facilities  offered  in  the  Journal  of  Horticulture  for  recording  some  of  their 
experiences,  in  the  hope  that  some  at  least  of  the  probationers  may  in  due  time 
be  able  to  follow  with  credit  in  the  footsteps  of  those  able  men  who  have  done  so 
much  in  raising  the  standard  of  gardening  to  its  present  position. — W.  Tvndall. 
P.S.— Thisis  written  with  fountain  pen. — w.  T. 
[Very  well  written  too,  indicating  that  the  pen  and  the  man  are  both 
good.] 
The  Means  and  Modes  of  Propagating  Plants. 
{Continued  from  page  204.) 
As  a  general  rule  it  may  be  stated  that  seed  should  not  be  buried 
below  the  earth’s  surface  at  a  depth  greater  than  its  own  thickness  or 
diameter,  though  it  may  be  safely  assumed  that  the  depth  may  be 
increased  with  perfect  safety  in  the  case  of  seeds  of  leguminous  plants, 
which  are  large  and  bulky  in  comparison  with  the  generality  of  seeds. 
Thus,  the  tiny  seeds  of  the  Auricula  should  be  sprinkled  on  the  surface, 
and  dusted  over  with  a  little  fine  soil  and  sand,  covering  with  moss  until 
they  have  germinated,  in  order  to  promote  and  preserve  surface  moisture. 
I.arger  seeds,  such  as  Onions,  Carrots,  and  Parsnips,  should  be  sown  in 
drills  made  with  the  end  or  back  of  the  rake,  and  have  the  ridge  that  is" 
thus  thrown  up  drawn  over  them.  Peas  and  Beans  may  be  set  at  a  depth 
several  times  their  thickness  or  diameter  in  shallow  trenches  made  with  a 
hoe.  The  smaller  the  seed  the  finer  should  be  the  soil  for  its  reception  ; 
it  must  also  be  dry  enough  to  crumble  lightly  when  worked  with 
the  hand,  and  not  so  wet  as  to  clot  together  in  a  pasty  mass.  Therefore, 
dry  weather  should  be  cbosen  for  seed-sowing,  and  if  just  before  a 
gentle  shower,  or  when  the  weather  bids  fair  to  be  showery,  so  much 
the  better. 
In  propagation  by  bulbs  or  offsets,  all  bulblets  should  he  placed 
in  light  soil  at  a  depth  equal  to  their  own  height  below  the  surface 
immediately  after  removal  from  the  parent  plant,  otherwise  they  will  dry 
under  exposure  to  the  air,  and  lose  vitality. 
In  propagation  by  slips  or  cuttings,  slips  which  spring  from  the 
collar  or  upper  portion  of  the  roots  of  herbaceous  plants,  as  in  the 
Auricula  or  Chrysanthemum,  or  from  shrub-like  plants,  as  Thyme  and 
Sage,  are  stripped  away  from  the  parent  plant  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
secure  a  heel.  The  heel  should  then  be  trimmed  with  a  sharp  knife,  and 
inserted  in  suitable  soil,  shading  to  prevent  the  leaves  flagging.  AVhen 
slips  are  taken  from  the  collar  they  will  often  have  roots  attached,  and  may 
be  described  as  offsets,  these  usually  growing  rapidly.  Want  of  success  in 
many  cases  may  be  traced  to  neglect  in  trimming  the  heel  or  base  of  the 
slip,  or  properly  preparing  it  for  insertion,  as  a  callus  is  produced  more 
([uickly  on  a  smooth  surface  than  it  is  on  a  ragged  one. 
In  propagation  by  division  the  original  plant  is  broken  up,  and  each 
piece,  which  will  be  found  to  consist  of  stem,  leaves,  and  roots,  may  be 
planted  separately,  and  will  soon  form  a  young  and  vigorous  plant.  This 
mode  of  propagation  is  resorted  to  in  the  case  of  most  kinds  of  herbaceous 
plants.  Solomon’s  Seal  may  be  cut  into  pieces,  provided  that  each  piece 
has  an  eye  or  bud.  Border  perennials  should  be  divided  in  the  spring 
when  growth  is  commencing.  They  will  then  separate  readily  into 
portions,  each  replete  with  buds  for  its  upper  growth  and  roots  for  its 
growth  below  ground. 
In  propagation  by  runners,  it  is  necessary  to  peg  them  down,  or  place 
a  weight  on  them  so  as  to  keep  them  in  position  unmoved,  and  in  contact 
with  damp  soil.  Roots  are  then  emitted,  and  in  due  time  the  young  plants 
are  removed,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Strawberry. 
In  propagation  by  suckers,  these  should  be  separated  with  care,  and 
cut  away  as  near  the  parent  plant  as  possible,  so  as  to  retain  the  roots 
which  have  issued  from  the  stem,  exercising  care  in  their  removal  to 
bruise  them  as  little  as  possible,  otherwise  they  will  decay.—  C.  W.  M. 
(To  be  continued.) 
