SeptemWss,  1897.  JOUmAL  OF  HORTIGtlLTURF  Am  COTRAOF  GARDENER 
303 
Small  Bunch  of  Grapes  (W!  B.'). — “What  is  the  matter  with  the 
small  bunch  of  Grapes  sent,  also  the  remedy,  and  the  name  of  them?” 
The  answer  is,  as  regards  the  “  matter,”  (1)  badness  of  colour,  (2) 
imperfect  finish,  (3)  resultant  shrivelling,  and  (4)  mould.  The  berries  are 
very  small,  streaked,  and  altogether  Indifferent.  There  is  no  disease  to 
account  for  the  decay  of  the  berries.  The  remedy  can  only  be  found  in 
more  liberal  treatment  in  the  way  of  nourishment.  You  give  no 
particulars  about  the  age  of  the  Vine,  nor  of  the  soil  and  position  in 
which  it  is  established. 
Chrysanthemum  Leaves  Yellow  {Perplexed).— The  shoots  and  leaves 
are  a  beautiful  yellow  or  golden  colour,  quite  as  effective  for  contrast  as 
many  plants  grown  solely  for  that  purpose.  There  is  nothing  whatever 
the  matter  with  their  tissues,  except  the  colouring  pigment  or  chlorophyll 
granules  are  xanthophyll,  but  why  so  we  cannot  tell ;  and  what  is  of  more 
consequence  we  fear  the  colour  is  so  decisive  that  the  change  again  to 
green  will  be  very  difficult,  especially  as  the  plants  have  been  watered 
with  weak  soot  water  twice  a  week.  This,  as  you  know,  gives  a  dark 
green  colour  to  plants.  We  had  a  similar  experience  with  some  plants 
that  w'ere  watered  with  soot  from  chimneys  where  wood  had  been  largely 
burned.  We  then  supplying  nitrate  of  soda  instead,  a  quarter  oz.  to  a 
gallon  of  water  to  begin  wdth,  increasing  to  double  strength  by  degrees  ; 
the  colour  improved,  and  where  begun  early  enough  entirely  changed  to 
deep  green.  This  you  may  try,  with  an  occasional  addition  of  half  the 
amount  of  sulphate  of  iron.  Sometimes  we  have  found  an  alternation 
with  sulphate  of  ammonia  assist  wonderfully,  not  using  it  stronger  to  begin 
with  than  nitrate  of  soda,  supplying  about  twice  a  week,  always  with  a 
watering  of  clear  water  between.  We  do  not  think  the  watering  has  any¬ 
thing  to  do  with  the  chlorosis  or  yellowing  ;  it  is  a  matter  of  nutrition  or 
constituent  elements  of  the  soil,  or  those  supplied.  The  plant  is 
Polygonum  sachaliense. 
Destructive  Grubs  in  Garden  {Anxious). — The  grubs  are  the  larvae 
or  caterpillars  of  the  Turnip  or  Dart  moth  (Agrotis  segetum),  commonly 
called  “surface”  caterpillars,  as  they  live  and  feed  near  the  surface  of 
the  ground.  They  do  an  enormous  amount  of  damage,  but  variable  in 
infestation.  The  caterpillars  will  eat  almost  anything  in  the  vegetable 
way,  feeding  on  Cabbage,  Carrots,  Beet,  Leeks,  Onions,  Lettuce,  Turnips, 
and  Spinach.  The  egg  is  laid  from  June  to  late  summer,  according  as 
the  moths  emerge  from  pupis,  and  the  caterpillars  hatch  in  about  a  fort¬ 
night,  and  feed  chiefly  on  parts  of  plants  above  ground.  As  they  get 
older  they  hide  by  day  and  feed  at  night,  in  bad  weather  feeding  wholly 
under  ground,  and  this  they  carry  on  during  the  winter  when  hatched 
late.  The  early  ones  form  cells  in  the  ground  and  turn  to  pupae  in  the 
spring,  coming  out  as  moths  in  .June  onwards.  The  “grubs”  are  difficult 
to  get  at,  but  after  alt  hand-picking  is  the  best  remedy.  A  dressing  of 
salt  (10  cwt.  per  acre,  7  lbs.  per  rod)  acts  better  than  anything  we  have 
tried,  scattering  it  evenly  ;  but  it  tells  somewhat  on  the  jilants,  therefore 
must  be  kept  out  of  the  hearts.  For  similar  reason  kainit  cannot  well 
be  used,  otherwise  5  cwt.  per  acre,  3^  lbs.  per  rod,  clears  them  off,  and 
you  can  apply  it  when  the  crops  are  cleared  ;  then  it  will  get  at  them,  and 
leave  potash  in  the  land  for  future  crops.  On  foul  land  yas  lime  (5  tons 
per  acre,  70  lbs.  per  rod)  may  be  used  in  autumn,  and  left  on  a  month  or 
six  weeks  before  digging  in.  That  will  clear  the  soil  of  the  pests. 
Names  of  Fruits.  —  Notice.  —  We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are.  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and  Pears 
sent  to  this  office  to  he  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only  specimens  and 
varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior,  which  are  not  worth 
sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of  senders  of  fruits  or 
flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with  the  specimens, 
whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or  not.  The 
names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials  sufficing  for 
that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any  beyond  that 
number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  he  sent  on  the  first  indication  of 
change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot  he  named  in  a  hard  green  state. 
(0.  0.).  —  1,  Golden  Noble;  2,  King  of  the  Pippins;  3,  Em])eror 
Alexander;  4,  an  inferior  variety,  not  worthy  of  a  name;  5,  Potts’ 
Seedling;  6,  Blenheim  Pippin.  {Fruit  Foreman).  —  !,  Kerry  Pi[)pin  ;  2, 
Reinette  de  iCanada  ;  3,  Jjord  Suflfield  ;  4,  Kibston  Pippin.  {B.  T.  E.).— 
1,  Beurre  d’Aremberg ;  2,  Beurre  Superfin  ;  3,  Williams’  Bon  Chr&tien. 
(P.  S.  M.)  —  !,  Alfriston ;  2,  Maltster  ;  3,  Lewis’  Incomparable  ;  4, 
Bergamotte  Esperen  ;  5,  Beurre  Hardy  ;  G,  perfectly  hard.  {J.  B.). — 
1,  Worcester  Pearmain  ;  2,  Lord  Suflfield  ;  3,  Lord  Grosvenor  ;  4,  Winter 
Greening;  5,  Ribston  Pippin;  6,  M^re  de  Menage.  {W.  B.). — 1, 
Cellini ;  2,  Cox’s  Orange  Pippin ;  3,  Hollandury ;  4,  Borsddrfer ;  5, 
Nonesuch. 
Names  of  Plants.— We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  plants,  not 
varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp. 
( W.  J.  (?.). — 1,  Vitis  humulifolia  ;  2,  Ulmus  campestris  var.  latifolia.  It 
J  ^  a  variety  of  Elm  frequently  seen  in  a  variegated  form,  but  frequently 
r  ins  out  of  colour.  (W.  Jinks). — Asclepias  currasavica.  {F.  II.) — 1 
J  urya  latifolia  variegata  ;  2,  Cassia  corymbosa  ;  3,  Veronica  longifolia 
jubsessilis.  (P.  1.  /.).-!,  Pyrus  sorb  us  ;  2,  Cotoneaster  frigidus  ; 
3  and  4,  withered  beyond  identification  ;  5,  Pyrus  aria.  {Inquirer). — 1, 
Linaria  alpina ;  2,  Sedum  reflexum  ;  3,  I^ysimachia  nummularia ;  4, 
Monarda  didyma  ;  5,  Galega  officinalis  ;  6,  Sedum  ibericum.  {A.  M.  M.). 
—  Schomburghia  Lyonsi. 
COVENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— Sept.  22nd. 
FRUIT. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
Apples,  \  sieve  ... 
•  •• 
••• 
1  0to3  0 
Grapes,  lb . 
0  8  to  2  0 
Cobs  . 
•  •• 
••• 
22  6 
25  0 
Lemons,  case  . 
11  0 
14  0 
Filberts,  100  lbs. 
•  •• 
25  0 
0  0 
St.  Michael’s  Pines,  each 
3  0 
8  0 
VEGETABLES. 
s.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Asparagus,  per  100 
•  •• 
••• 
0  0  to  0  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0  2  to  0  4 
Beaus,  ^  sieve  ... 
••• 
0  0 
0  0 
Onions,  bushel . 
3  6 
4  0 
Beet,  Red,  doz  ... 
•  •  • 
1  0 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs . 
2  0 
3  0 
Carrots,  bunch  ... 
•  ♦  • 
0  3 
0  4 
Parsnips,  doz  . 
1  0 
0  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
••• 
2  0 
3  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
2  0 
4  0 
Celery,  bundle  ... 
•  •  • 
1  0 
0  0 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
1  0 
0  0 
Coleworts,  doz.  bnchs. 
••• 
2  0 
4  0 
Seakale,  basket . 
1  6 
1  9 
Cucumbers . 
0  4 
0  8 
Scorzonera,  bundle . 
1  6 
0  0 
Endive,  doz. 
•  •  • 
1  3 
1  6 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  3 
0  4 
Herbs,  bunch  ... 
••• 
0  3 
0  0 
Spinach,  pad  . 
0  0 
0  0 
Leeks,  bunch  ... 
••• 
0  2 
0  0 
Sprouts,  J  sieve . 
1  6 
1  9 
Lettuce,  doz. 
•  •• 
1  3 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  lb . 
0  4 
0  0 
Mushrooms,  lb.  ... 
•  •• 
••• 
0  6 
0  8 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0  8 
0  0 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Arbor  Vitae,  var.  doz. 
6  0to36  0 
Ficus  elastics,  each . 
1  0to7  0 
Aspidistra,  doz.... 
•»* 
18  0 
.6  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0 
5  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
5  0 
10  6 
Fuchsias,  doz . 
3  0 
5  0 
Chrysanthemums, 
per 
doz. 
4  0 
9  0 
Heliotropes,  per  doz. 
3  0 
6  0 
„  „  single  plants 
1  6 
2  0 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz . 
12  0 
18  0 
Coleus,  doz. 
••• 
« •  • 
2  6 
4  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
3  0 
4  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz 
•  •  • 
12  0 
30  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  ... 
4  0 
9  0 
Dracaena,  viridis,  doz. 
•  •  • 
9  0 
18  0 
Mignonette,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  dozen 
•  •• 
6  0 
18  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  0 
9  0 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
•  •• 
4  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each . 
1  0 
15  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz. 
••• 
•  •• 
4  0 
18  0 
,,  specimens  . 
21  0 
63  0 
Ferns,  small,  100 
••• 
•  •• 
4  0 
6  0 
Pelargoniums,  Scarlet,  doz.  2  0 
4  0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— CUT  FLOWERS.— Orchids  in  variety. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  ... 
2  0  to  4  0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  sprays  1  0to2  0 
Asparagus  Fern,  bunch  ... 
1  0 
2  6 
Marguerites,  12  bnchs.  ...  2  0 
3  0 
Asters,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  6 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
Bouvardias,  bunch  . 
0  4 
0  6 
bnchs .  4  0 
8  0 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
1  0 
3  0 
Mignonette,  doz.  bnchs.  ...  2  0 
4  0 
,,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
3  0 
6  0 
Orchids,  var.  doz.  blooms.  1  6 
12  0 
Chrysanthemums,  12  bnchs. 
4  0 
6  0 
Pelargoniums,  12  bnchs. ...  4  0 
6  0 
„  ,,  12  blooms 
0  6 
2  6 
Pyrethrum,  doz.  bnchs  ....  1  6 
4  0 
Cornflower,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
1  0 
2  0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz .  0  6 
1  0 
Dahlias,  doz.  bnchs . 
2  6 
6  0 
,,  Tea,  white,  doz.  ...  1  0 
2  0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
„  Yellow,  doz.  (Niels)  1  6 
4  0 
Gardenias,  doz . .  ... 
2  0 
4  0 
,,  Red,  doz.  blooms  ...  0  9 
1  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
„  Safrano  English)  doz.  10 
2  0 
bnchs . 
3  0 
4  0 
„  Pink,  doz .  1  0 
2  6 
Gladioli,  doz.  bnchs. 
4  0 
8  0 
,,  outdoor,  doz.  bnchs.  3  0 
6  0 
Lilium  lancifolium,  bnch. 
1  6 
2  0 
Smilax,  bunch  . .  1  6 
2  6 
Lilium  lancifolium,  short, 
Sunflowers  (various) .  2  0 
4  0 
per  12  blooms  . 
1  0 
1  G 
Tuberoses,  12  blooms  ...  0  3 
0  4 
Lilium  longiflorum,  12 
Violets,  doz.  bnchs .  1  6 
2  0 
blooms  . 
3  0 
4  0 
GOOD  NEWS  AT  LAST. 
Afteb  years  of  falling  markets  we  may  be  excused  if  we  greet 
any  little  return  of  better  prices  with  great  acclamation.  The 
difference  a  few  shillings  per  quarter  in  the  grain  crop  just  turns 
the  scale  one  way  or  the  other.  A  rise  of  a  few  shillings  makes 
the  crop  a  profitable  one  ;  the  fall  spells  disaster  in  big  type. 
During  these  years  of  depression  much  stress  has  been  laid  on  the 
necessity  for  feeding  more  stock  instead  of  cultivating  cereals;  but 
some  of  these  wise  advisers  have  not  fully  ensidered  tlie  question  of 
food  for  this  extra  stock.  They  say  in  a  lordly  manner.  Lay  down 
more  land  to  permanent  J  pasture,  forgetting,  or  not  knowing,  that 
land  best  calculated  for  corn  growing  is  not  always  suitable  for  grass 
