380 
JOVUNAL  OlP  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
October  2l,  1897. 
these,  as  with  single  Tulips,  it  is  essential  that  abundance  of  water 
be  supplied  during  the  growing  and  flowering  period. 
Crocuses. 
Useful  as  these  are  for  certain  purposes  -when  grown  in  pots,  it  is 
in  the  open  ground,  or  in  window  boxes  that  they  are  the  most 
highly  appreciated.  However,  we  make  quite  a  little  feature  of  them 
in  3J-inch  pots,  in  which  we  grow  about  500.  The  whole  stock  is 
potted  at  one  time,  and  when  they  are  in  flower  we  stand  them  about 
in  the  conservatory  amongst  other  plants,  and  they  form  a  change  that 
is  always  admired  by  visitors.  Their  beauty  is  of  the  lowly  kind  as 
compared  with  that  of  Hyacinths,  but  personally  I  am  extremely  fond 
of  them.  We  grow  only  four  varieties  in  distinct  colours,  and 
generally  have  the  large  yellow.  Sir  Walter  Scott  or  La  Majestueuse, 
with  a  good  Hue  and  a  white  selected  from  one  of  the  bulb  merchants’ 
catalogues,  and  we  never  purchase  the  same  varieties  of  these  tw’o 
years  in  succession.  In  cultivating  Crocuses  we  subject  them  to 
precisely  the  same  treatment  as  the  Hyacinth. — H.  Hose. 
IIUDBECKIA  GOLDEN  GLOW. 
With  your  remarks  on  page  363  concerning  the  merits  of  this  as 
an  ornamental  plant  I  quite  agree,  but  it  is  not  a  very  new  plant  to 
English  gardens.  It  was  introduced  from  North  America  nearly 
twenty  years  ago  by  Messrs.  Smith  of  St.  John’s  Nurseries,  Worcester, 
and  offered  in  their  catalogue  by  the  name  of  Iludbeckia  laevigata ; 
thence  it  came  into  my  garden,  and  though  it  does  not  increase  fast,  it 
has  had  time  to  find  its  way  into  most  of  the  cottage  gardens  in  the 
parish. 
I  sent  the  plant  some  years  ago  to  Kew  for  identification,  and  it  was 
there  considered  to  be  a  variety  of  K.  laciniata,  though  it  differs  in 
many  respects  from  the  type  of  that  species.  Asa  Gray,  m  his  “  Flora 
of  North  America,”  considers  IL  laevigata  of  Pursh  to  be  a  dwarf  form 
(a  foot  or  two  high)  of  R.  laciniata,  though  he,  does  not  seem  to  know 
the  variety.  Our  plant  does  not  fit  any  Kudbeckia  described  by 
Asa  Gray.  Perhaps  it  may  be  a  hybrid,  say  between  R.  laciniat^  and 
R.  pinnata,  or  R.  maxima.  This  seems  more  likely,  as  I  have  never 
been  able  to  find  or  hear  of  a  fertile  seed  on  the  plant,  whilst 
E.  laciniata  ripens  seeds  freely  m  English  gardens.  It  was  figured  in 
“The  Garden”  as  “R.  nitida,”  a  species  the  characters  of  which  it  will 
not  fit,  though  that,  too,  has  a  var.  Imvigata  (Nuttal),  said  to  be 
distinct  from  the  R.  Imvigata  of  Pursh. 
The  provisional  name  Rudbeckia  Golden  Glow  is  safer  than  a 
conjectural  specific  name,  but  I  think  I  have  seen  it  in  Barr’s  catalogue 
called  Autumn  Glory,  and  it  would  be  well  to  obtain  consistency  in 
these  fancy  names.  The  flowers  last  remarkably  long,  oben  well  into 
November,  and  few  plants  make  so  large  a  show  from  so  small  a  base ; 
it  has  also  the  merit  of  flourishing  for  many  years  in  the  same  spot 
without  interference. — C.  Wolley  Hod,  Edge  Hall,  Malpas. 
[Thus  does  the  good  influence  of  a  true  flower  lover  si'real  and 
brighten  the  cottage  gardens  around  him.] 
HINTS  ON  SPUING  BEDDING. 
The  time  has  already  arrived  for  the  beds  to  be  cleared  of  their 
summer  occupants,  and  where  they  are  to  be  filled  with  bulbs  and  plants 
for  the  spring  display  not  one  day  should  be  lost  in  setting  about  the 
work.  This  is  most  important  for  more  reasons  than  one.  In  the  first 
place,  where  frost  has  destroyed  tender  plants,  such  as  Begonias,  Alter- 
nantheras,  Celosias,  and  Gannas,  with  others,  they  Avill  have  a  very 
untidy  appearance.  Secondly,  the  weather  is  at  present  very  favourable 
for  the  work,  and  we  cannot  expect  better  ;  the  soil  is  also  warm,  and 
the  plants  will  take  to  it  quickly,  and  soon  establish  themselves. 
Perhaps  the  description  of  a  few  simple,  but  effective,  beds  of  last  year 
might  be  interesting  and  useful  to  some  of  the  readers  of  this  Journal 
who  cannot  go  into  elaborate  and  expensive  planting.  Some  beds  planted 
with  Myosotis  dissitiflora,  and  a  good  sprinkling  of  Queen  Victoria  Tulip 
(white),  were  very  charming  ;  others  contained  Wallflower  Tom  Thumb 
(golden),  with  Keizers  Kroon  Tulips,  and  all  were  also  much  admired. 
A  large  bed,  filled  with  the  Money  Plant  (Lunaria  biennis),  Doronicum 
plantagineum  excelsum,  bold  groups  of  dark  and  yellow  Wallflowers, 
with  wide  bands  of  Hyacinths  and  Tulips,  and  finished  with  an  edging 
of  Dactylis  glomerata  variegata  and  red  Daisies,  was  fine. 
Smaller  circular  beds  were  planted  with  yellow  Polyanthus  and  blue 
Hyacinths,  others  with  red  Polyanthus  and  white  Hyacinths.  These 
were  very  effective. 
We  have  already  stocked  many  of  the  beds  in  the  following  way.  Large 
circular  beds  with  golden  Myosotis  and  scarlet  Tulips  (Artus);  white 
Pansies  and  blue  Hyacinths  ;  purple  Pansies  (Cliveden  Purple),  and  white 
Hyacinths  ;  others  with  Dielytra  spectabilis.  Cloth  of  Gold  Pansy, 
Duchesse  de  Parme  Tulip,  with  a  broad  band  of  Aubrietia  graeca. 
I  trust  the  above  simple  hints  may  be  useful  to  those  who  are  on  the 
look  out.  There  are  probably  some  who  are  about  to  do  their  first  spring 
beds,  and  those  I  have  described  above  I  can  strongly  recommend.  The 
bed  planted  with  Dielytra  I  expect  to  be  very  effective.— A. 
Chrysanthemum  Leaf-Rust. 
On  the  21st  of  August,  1897,  a  disease  appeared  on  Chrysanthemums 
at  Maidenhead,  and  specimens  were  forwarded  to  the  Editor  of  the  Journal 
of  Horticulture.  These  were  examined  by  me  on  the  26th  of  that  month, 
with  the  result  that  a  reply  appeared  in  the  issue  of  September  2nd, 
page  231.  The  infection  Avas  attributed  to  an  attack  by  the  leaf-rust  fungus, 
Trichobasis  Artemisije,  Berkeley.  I  had  an  impression  of  “  rust  ” 
having  been  before  noticed  by  growers  of  the  “  autumn  queen,”  and  hence 
the  remark  of  its  being  “  a  rather  uncommon  parasite  on  the  Chrys¬ 
anthemum,  but  destructive  when  it  does  occur.”  Por  the  purpose  of 
further  investigation  I  obtained  leaves  of  the  common  Mugwort 
(Artemisia  vulgaris),  as  this  is  the  native  host  of  the  Chrysanthemum 
mildew  (Oidium  chrysanthemi),  and  on  comparing  specimens  considered 
the  forms  of  leaf-rusts  found  on  both  identical,  namely,  Trichobasis 
Artemisiae. 
There  the  matter  rested  until  September  18th  last,  when  I  examined 
specimens  submitted  by  a  large  grower  in  Kent,  magnificent,  large, 
tMck,  leathery,  deep  green  leaves  (barring  brown  spots)  seriously  infected 
by  the  rust  fungus,  the  pustules  being  much  larger  than  commonly 
found  on  Chrysanthemums. 
On  October  9in,  1897,  I  had  occasion  to  examine  specimens  from 
Somerset — a  whole  boxful,  forwarded  by  the  Editor — of  splendid  leaves, 
but  containing  myriads  of  spores  of  the  rust  fungus.  The  plague  thus 
e>ists  in  Kent,  Somerset,  and  Berkshire.  Very  good  (or  bad)  examples 
of  it  have  also  come  from  the  Isle  of  Man.  The  grower  in  Berks  deserves 
thanks  for  first  drawing  attention  to  what  may  be  termed  the  Chrys¬ 
anthemum  epidemic,  which  may  now  be  referred  to. 
In  the  illustration  (fig.  57),  at  A,  is  shown  part  of  the  under  side  of  an 
infested  leaf  of  a  Chrysanthemum,  large,  deep  green  (where  not  affected 
by  the  fungus),  and  apparently  very  healthy  but  for  certain  dark  brown 
spots  (a),  which  varied  in  size  from  a  pin-point  to  one-sixteenth,  one-eighth, 
and  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  In  some  parts,  especiall}'  near  the 
midrib,  the  whole  surface  of  the  leaf  was  coiercd  by  a  dark  brown,  almost 
black,  powder,  due  to  the  pustules  running  together,  rupturing  the  lower 
epidermis  and  liberating  the  spores.  This  is  shown  at  h,  the  portion  of 
leaf  natural  size.  There  was  also  a  few  pustules  on  the  upper  surface  of 
the  leaf,  very  bold,  one-eighth  to  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  show'ing 
that  the  germinal  tube  from  a  fungus  spore  can  pierce  the  upper  as  well 
as  the  under  epide^'mis  of  the  leaf. 
Selecting  one  of  the  ripest  and  blackest  pustules  I  examined  it  with  a 
lens,  said  to  enlarge  260  diameters,  for  the  purpose,  if  possible,  of  finding 
teleutospores  -  the  resting  or  winter  stage  -  or  rather  the  mature  stage  of 
the  fungus,  and  got  a  variety  of  forms,  fairly  represented  at  B—c, 
uredospores  =  Trichobasis  (Uredo)  chrysanthemi  ;  some  almost  round 
and  concatenate  (d),  but  all  uredo  or  summer  spores,  one  ((7)  pushed  a 
germinal  tube  (e),  and  a  small  teleutospore  (A).  A  poor  thing,  but 
sufficient  to  induce  further  search.  After  much  scraping,  section  taking, 
and  long  and  close  observation,  I  came  across  the  full-blown  Chrys¬ 
anthemum  leaf-rust  fungus,  Buccinia  Chrysanthemas,  shown  at  E. 
It  first  appeared  one-celled,  a  Uromyces,  but  after  a  time,  hardened  up 
as  represented,  two-celled — a  Puccinia.  The  rust,  however,  is  a  fac-simile 
of  the  Mugwort  leaf-rust,  Trichobasis  (Uredo)  Artemisis,  and  seldom 
anything  else,  for  the  Puccinia  form,  P.  Artemisice,  is  about  as  difficult  to 
find  as  the  teleutospores  on  Chrysanthemums.  It  was  finer,  however, 
and  I  consider  an  evolution  of  the  Mugwort  leaf-rust,  hence  its  being 
given  here  as  a  distinct  species. 
To  verify  the  matter  I  sought  for  more  leaf-rust  on  the  common 
Mugwort,  but  all  the  old  leaves  had  collapsed  from  the  attacks  of  the 
parasite,  and  on  a  young  leaf  only  {F)  could  I  find  it.  I  found,  however, 
some  old  leaves  with  sere  pustules.  The  pustules  on  the  young  leaf  were 
almost  black,  of  needle-point  to  pin-head  size,  and  one  gave  the  spores 
shown  at  (?  =  Trichobasis  (Uredo)  Artemisia?,  all  the  spores  roundish  or 
oval,  being  uredo  or  summer  ones. 
The  old  leaves  proved  very  unsatisfactory,  the  teleutosjiores  had  fled, 
if  there  had  ever  been  any,  but  I  made  a  last  effort  and  discovered  the 
form  shown  at  £■=  Puccinia  Artemisiae  — the  resting  or  winter  (teleuto¬ 
spore)  or  final  stage. 
I  next  examined  the  rust  on  the  common  Thistle  (Carduus  vu]ga,ris) 
Trichobasis  Cichoracearum.  The  pustules  are  larger  and  brown,  not 
nearly  so  black  looking  as  those  on  the  Mugwort.  They  are  much  like 
those  on  Chrysanthemums,  even  the  small,  as  shown  at  h,  and  run  together 
as  at  i.  The  uredospores  (/)  and  the  teleutospores  (A')  still  more  so. 
This  is  the  fag  end  of  the  Thistle  parasite,  and  the  Mugwort  parasite  is 
also  shown  at  its  worst  as  regards  the  uredospores.  I  have  given  the 
three  as  they  were  found  on  October  9th,  1897,  and  I  think  no  one 
will  deny  the  Chrysanthemum  leaf-rust  fungus  is  much  the  better,  even 
if  not  going  along  with  me  to  the  evolution  -  a  new  form— namely, 
Trichobasis  chrysanthemi. 
We  now  pass  to  the  first  specimen  seen  in  1897.  It  was  from  Maiden¬ 
head.  Shown  at  A — E  indicates  the  prime  of  Trichobasis  (Uredo) 
chrysanthemi.  The  fungus  plant  likes  good  fare,  loving  the  large,  thick, 
leathery,  deep  green  leaves.  Some  may  say  th%  Chrysanthemum  so 
