October  21,  1897. 
JOURITAL  OF  HORTIOULTURB  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
399 
^  Late  Fears  and  Gooseberries  (^Inquirer'). — The  letter  is  mislaid,  but 
this  reply  will  be  recognised.  Good  Pears  for  following  Doyenne  du 
Comice  are  Marie  Benoist  and  Nouvelle  Fulvie,  large  ;  Josephine  de 
Malines  and  Ollivier  de  Serres,  medium  sized  and  later.  If,  as  we 
gather,  you  intend  raising  your  own  cordon  Gooseberries,  choose 
upright  growers,  and  take  particular  care  to  cut  clean  out  every  bud 
from  the  part  of  each  cutting  that  is  to  be  inserted  in  the  soil,  also  from 
the  part  that  will  be  a  few  inches  above  it.  It  would  no  doubt  be  better 
to  purchase  well  rooted  plants.  A  foot  apart  is  a  good  distance  for 
planting,  and  they  may  be  trained  vertically.  If  the  wall  is  low  the 
cordons,  when  they  reach  the  top,  can  be  depressed  if  you  like.  It  does 
not  matter  in  which  direction.  If  you  slant  them  at  first  you  will  check 
their  extension  and  force  the  issue  of  side  growth  unduly. 
Lycium  europaeum  (O'.  C.  P.). — This  shrub  is  a  native  of  the  South  of 
Europe,  but  appears  to  have  become  naturalised  in  some  parts  of  this 
country.  Loudon  in  his  “Encyclopaedia  of  Trees  and  Shrubs”  describes  it 
as  “  valuable  for  covering  naked  walls,  as  it  grows  with  extreme  rapidity, 
and  flowers  and  fruits  freely  in  almost  any  soil  or  situation.  Established 
plants  in  good  soil  will  make  shoots  10  or  12  feet  in  length  in  one  season, 
and  the  plant  when  trained  against  a  house  or  high  wall  will  reach  the 
height  of  30  or  40  feet,  as  may  be  seen  in  some  courts  in  Paris.  Trained 
to  a  strong  iron  rod  to  the  height  of  20  or  30  feet,  and  then  allowed  to 
spread  over  an  umbrella  head,  it  would  make  a  splendid  bower.  Its  shoots 
would  hang  down  to  the  ground  and  form  a  complete  screen  on  every 
side,  ornamented  from  top  to  bottom  with  ripe  fruit,  which  is  bright 
scarlet  or  yellow,  and  very  showy  ;  with  unripe  fruit,  which  is  of  a  lurid 
purple  ;  or  with  blossoms,  which  are  purple  and  white. 
Mushrooms  on  Bench  (  T.  Q.). — The  proper  place  for  a  Mushroom  bed  is 
under  the  stage,  not  on  it,  along  which  hot-water  pipes  run.  These  would 
dry  the  bed  too  much,  cover  them  as  you  might.  What  Mushrooms  enjoy 
is  the  mild,  moist  warmth,  that  is  generated  by  steadily  fermenting  manure. 
AVith  a  board  a  foot  wide,  firmly  fixed  on  the  floor  flush  with  the  front  of 
the  stage,  you  would  have  an  excellent  enclosure  for  growing  Mushrooms. 
If  you  collect  and  prepare  manure  as  advised  in  Mushrooms  for  the  Millimi, 
and  when  it  is  sweet,  warm,  and  moist,  beat  it  down  firmly  with  a  brick  ; 
thrust  a  couple  of  pointed  sticks  in  it  for  withdrawing  at  intervals  for 
testing  the  heat ;  insert  good  spawn  at  the  right  time,  and  three  or  four 
days  afterwards  spread  sound,  damp,  loamy  soil,  3  inches  thick,  on  the 
surface,  beating  it  down  to  1  inch  or  so  ;  cover  with  rather  damp  litter 
to  prevent  the  evaporation  of  moisture  from  the  bed,  Mushrooms  may  be 
expected  to  grow  in  abundance.  In  grasping  the  sticks  with  the  hand 
you  may  find  the  heat  rise  from  day  to  day,  and  not  until  it  has  ceased 
rising  and  commenced  falling  must  the  spawn  be  inserted.  A  thermometer 
closely  inserted  3  inches  in  the  bed  will  indicate  the  warmth.  AVhen  this 
falls  below  90",  after  it  has  risen  above  that  point,  the  spawning  may  be 
safely  done,  but  never  w'ith  a  rising  thermometer.  If  by  regulating  the 
coverings  you  can  maintain  a  temperature  of  about  70“"  in  the  bed  for 
three  weeks,  good  spawn  will  be  sure  to  spread,  provided  the  manure  is  in 
the  right  condition,  by  the  retention  of  moisture,  and  Mushrooms  will 
then  be  bound  to  follow  in  due  time.  One  of  the  chief  factors  in  success 
is  found  in  keeping  the  beds  uniformly  moist  without  watering  them,  and 
this  can  be  done. 
Names  of  Fruits.  —  Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and  Pears 
sent  to  this  office  to  be  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only  specimens  and 
varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior,  which  are  not  worth 
sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of  senders  of  fruits  or 
flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with  the  specimens, 
whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or  not.  The 
names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials  sufficing  for 
that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any  beyond  that 
number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the  first  indication  of 
charge  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot  be  named  in  a  hard  green  state. 
(If.  T.  M.). — 1,  Lord  Derby  ;  2,  Eeinette  Grise ;  3,  affected  with  fungus, 
possibly  Cellini ;  4,  Norfolk  Beefing  ;  5,  not  recognised  ;  6.  Gravenstein. 
{T.  M.  G.). — 1,  Not  known,  probably  local  ;  2,  Warner’s  King;  3,  New 
Hawthornden  ;  4,  Cox’s  Orange  Pippin  ;  5,  King  of  the  Pippins  ;  6,  pos¬ 
sibly  an  inferior  seedling  from  No.  5.  {H.  /S'.). — 1,  Irish  Peach  ;  2,  not 
known,  and  we  should  think  not  worth  growing ;  3,  Court  of  AVick. 
4,  Minchull  Crab  ;  5,  AV^inter  Greening  ;  6,  Greenup’s  Pippin.  (P.  J.  P.), 
— The  Pears  were  rotten.  The  Apple  is  probably  a  seedling  from  Cellini. 
(P.  B.). — All  the  fruits  were  rotten. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  plants,  not 
varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp. 
(C.  C.  U.). — 1,  Abelia  rupestris  ;  2,  Swainsonia  alba;  3,  Ceanothus 
Gloire  de  Versailles;  4,  Escallonia  macrantha.  (P.  W.). —  1,  Aster 
amellus  “bessarabicus ;  2,  A.  candidus ;  3,  unknown  ;  4,  Heleniura 
autumnale  striatum.  (P.  S.  TV.). — Withered ;  possibly  a  Japanese  Acer, 
(A.  W.). — Specimen  insufficient  ;  send  fertile  frond. 
TRADE  CATALOaUES  RECEIVED. 
Bruant,  Poitiers. — Fruit  and  other  Trees. 
G.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Maidstone. — Fruit. 
H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  ^'N&vXey.— Reference  Book  in  Horticulture. 
Dicksons  &  Co.,  1,  AVaterloo  Place,  Edinburgh. — Fruit  Trees. 
F.  C.  Heineman,  Erfurt. —  Trade  List  of  Specialities. 
Kelway  &  Son,  Langport. —  Wholesale  List  of  Gladioli. 
Laing  &  Mather,  Kelso,  N.B. — Carnations. 
H.  Merryweather,  Southwell,  Notts. — Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  and  Roses. 
W.  Kumsey,  Joynings  Nurseries,  Waltham  Cross. — Roses  and  Fruit 
Trees. 
.1.  Turner,  AVetherby,  Yorks. — Bulbs  and  Plants. 
R.  Wallace  &  Co.,  Colchester. — Hardy  Bulbs  and  Plants. 
J.  AA'” alters.  Mount  Kadford  Nurseries,  Exeter. — Fruit  Trees  and  Roses. 
COYENT  DARDEN  MARKET.— Oct.  20th. 
Apples,  i  sieve  ... 
Gobs  ...  ...  ... 
Filberts,  100  lbs. 
FRUIT. 
8.  d.  8.  d. 
1  0  to  3  0 
22  (I  24  0 
0  0  0  0 
Grapes,  lb . 
Lemons,  case  . 
St.  Michael’s  Pines,  each 
B.  (I.  s.  d. 
0  8  to  2  0 
11  0  14  0 
3  0  8  0 
Asparagus,  per  100 
Beans,  J  sieve  ... 
Beet,  Red,  doz. ... 
Carrots,  bunch  ... 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
Celery,  bundle  ... 
Coleworts,  doz.  bnch 
Cucumbers . 
Endive,  doz. 
Herbs,  bunch  ... 
Leeks,  bunch 
Lettuce,  doz. 
Mushrooms,  lb. ... 
VEGE'PABLES. 
s.  d-  8.  d. 
0  0  to  0  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
0  2  to  0  4 
0  0 
0  0 
Onions,  bushel . 
3  6 
4  0 
1  0 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs . 
•2  0 
3  0 
0  3 
0  4 
Parsnips,  doz . 
1  0 
0  0 
2  0 
3  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
2  0 
4  0 
1  0 
0  0 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
1  0 
0  0 
2  0 
4  0 
Seakale,  basket . 
1  6 
1  9 
0  4 
0  8 
Scorzonera,  bundle . 
1  6 
0  0 
1  3 
1  6 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  3 
0  4 
0  3 
0  0 
Spinach,  pad  . 
0  0 
0  0 
0  2 
0  0 
Sprouts,  i  sieve . 
1  6 
1  9 
1  3 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  lb . 
0  4 
0  0 
0  6 
0  8 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0  3 
0  0 
Arbor  Vitae,  var.,  doz.  ... 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
Chrysanthemums,  doz.  ... 
,,  „  single  plants 
Coleus,  doz . 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz . 
Dracaena  viridis,  doz. 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz.  ... 
Evergreeens,  var.,  doz.  ... 
Ferns,  var.,  doz . 
Ferns,  small,  100  . 
PL. ANTS  IN  POTS, 
s.  d.  8.  d. 
6 
0 
to  36 
0 
18 
0 
36 
0 
5 
0 
10 
6 
4 
0 
9 
0 
1 
6 
2 
0 
2 
6 
4 
0 
12 
0 
30 
0 
9 
0 
18 
0 
6 
0 
18 
0 
4 
0 
18 
0 
4 
0 
18 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Ficus  elastica,  each . 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
Heliotropes,  doz . 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz . 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  ... 
Mignonette,  doz . 
Myrtles,  doz . 
Palms,  in  var.,  each . 
,,  specimens  . 
Pelargoniums,  scarlet,  doz. 
8.  d.  s.  d. 
1  0  to  7  0 
10  5  0 
3  0  5  0 
12  0  18  0 
3  0  4  0 
4  0  9  0 
4  0  6  0 
6  0  !»  0 
1  0  15  0 
21  0  63  0 
2  0  4  0 
AVERAGE  AVHOLESALE  PRICES.— CUT  FLOWERS.— Orchids  in  variety. 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms  ... 
3 
0 
to  5 
0 
Asparagus  Fern,  bunch  ... 
1 
0 
2 
6 
Asters,  bunch  . 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Bouvardias,  bunch  . 
0 
6 
0 
8 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
1 
0 
3 
0 
,,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
4 
0 
9 
0 
Chrysanthemums,  12  bnchs. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
,,  12  blooms 
0 
6 
2 
6 
Dahlias,  doz.  bnchs . 
2 
6 
6 
0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Gardenias,  doz . 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnchs . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Gladioli,  doz.  bnchs. 
6 
0 
18 
0 
Lilac  (French),  bunch  ... 
5 
0 
6 
0 
Lilium  lancifolium,  bnch. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Lilium  lancifolium,  short. 
per  12  blooms  . 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Lilium  longiflorum,  12 
blooms  ...  ...  ... 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  sprays 
1 
0  to  2 
0 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs.... 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
bnchs . 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Mignonette,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Narciss,  white  (French) 
bunch  . 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Orchids,  var.,  doz.  blooms 
1 
6 
12 
0 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs. 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Pyrethrum,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
1 
6 
4 
0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
0 
6 
1 
0 
,,  Tea,  white,  doz.  ... 
1 
0 
2 
0 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  (Niels) 
1 
6 
4 
0 
„  Red,  doz.  blooms  ... 
0 
9 
1 
0 
,,  Safrano  (Englishjdoz. 
1 
0 
2 
0 
„  Pink,  doz . 
1 
0 
2 
6 
„  outdoor,  doz.  bnchs. 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Smilax,  bunch . 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Tuberoses.  12  blooms 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Violets,  doz.  bnchs . 
1 
6 
2 
0 
AUTUMN  MANURING. 
At  the  first  glance  the  ([uestion  of  the  application  of  manure  in 
autumn  appears  a  very  simple  one.  For  one  thing’,  very  few  fanners 
would  dream  of  putting  artificials  on  in  autumn,  and  the  average 
man  would  put  his  muck  on  lea  for  Wheat  because  he  found  a 
