JOURNAL  OB'  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER, 
October  28,  1897. 
never  regret  doing  their  best  outside  their  particular  domain  under 
glass.  It  is  this  combination  of  work  in  their  youthful  days  that  has 
made  most  of  our  leading  gardeners  what  they  are  now,  and  no  doubt 
“  S.  B,  0.”  had  his  share  of  useful  outdoor  work  in  his  probationary 
days.] 
CHILLINGHAM  CASTLE. 
A  FEW  notes  taken  during  the  month  of  August  at  this  fine  old 
Border  castle  in  Northumberland  may  interest  the  readers  of  the  Journal. 
The  name  of  Chillingham  is  generally  associated  with  the  famous  wild  ' 
cattle,  which  together  with  numerous  herds  of  red  and  fallow  deer,  find  a 
home  in  a  spacious  park  nine  miles  in  circumference.  These  animals  still 
retain  their  wild  nature,  and  are  generally  supposed  to  be  survivors  of  the 
wild  cattle  that  in  days  gone  by  roamed  the  Caledonian  forests.  The 
4()‘} 
de  iMenage,  Peasgood’s  Nonesuch  (very  fine),  Northern  Dumpling  (a 
Codlin-shaped  fruit),  Hawthornden,  Fearn’s  Pippin,  and  Yorkshire 
Beauty.  Apricots  on  a  south  wall  were  carrying  a  good  crop,  but  Pears 
and  Cherries  were  under  average,  A  large  area  outside  the  kitchen 
garden  is  devoted  to  Strawberries,  John  Ruskin  and  Noble  being  favoured 
early  varieties,  the  former  being  some  days  in  advance  of  the  latter  at 
Chillingham  ;  and  as  a  main  crop  Keen’s  Seedling  is  still  relied  upon, 
Elton  Pine  following  on  as  a  good  late  sort. 
A  look  through  the  fruit  houses  revealed  excellent  crops  of  Grapes, 
Figs,  and  Peaches,  whilst  in  numerous  heated  pits  and  frames  Melons, 
Tomatoes,  and  Cucumbers  are  grown  in  great  quantities,  suitable  for 
the  requirements  of  a  large  establishment.  In  conclusion  it  is  pleasing 
to  add  that  Lord  Tankerville,  the  noble  owner,  though  fast  verging  on  the 
nineties,  still  takes  a  great  interest  and  pride  in  his  gardens  ;  the  clean 
appearance  and  fine  crops  of  which  testify  to  the  skill  of  ^Ir.  Henderson, 
the  esteemed  head  gardener,  who  was  a  worthy  pupil  of  the  late  Mr. 
AVm.  Thomson  at  Dalkeith. — T.  H.  Bolton. 
Fig.  60.— CHILLINGIIA.M  CASTLE 
castle  itself  is  very  ancient,  and  is  approached  from  the  western,  or  main 
entrance,  by  a  magnificent  avenue  of  Jjimes  a  straight  quarter  of  a  mile 
in  length. 
The  flower  garden  (tig.  60)  is  very  extensive,  and  at  the  time  of  my  visit 
was  perhaps  seen  at  its  best.  A  border  runs  the  entire  length,  and  this 
was  especially  gay  with  hundreds  of  “Geraniums,” Begonias,  Calceolarias, 
and  Lobelias,  the  whole  backed  by  a  tine  old  wall  on  which  climbers  and 
creepers  of  various  kinds  find  a  congenial  home.  V ery  noticeable  were 
clusters  of  Crimson  Rambler  Rose,  Tropgeolum  speciosum.  Clematises, 
and  others.  Some  fine  masses  of  Hyacinthus  candicans  in  two  large  beds 
had  a  striking  effect  springing  from  a  groundwork  of  green  Ferns.  All 
edgings  to  walks  are  formed  of  Box,  kept  neatly  clipped,  which  gives  a 
finished  appearance  to  the  whole.  The  southern  boundary  is  formed  by  a 
beautiful  terrace,  topped  by  the  Yew  hedges  already  mentioned  in  the 
Journal,  where  the  Flame  Tropaeolum  has  made  itself  at  home,  these 
hedges  being  100  yards  long. 
Broad  sweeps  of  gravel  and  lawn,  broken  by  a  short  avenue  of  mag¬ 
nificent  Elms,  complete  the  views  on  this  side ;  so  returning  by  way  of 
the  flower  gardens,  we  pass  through  the  pleasure  grounds  to  the  north  of 
the  mansion,  where  fine  masses  of  Azaleas  and  Rhododendrons  are  noticed. 
In  a  few  minutes  we  are  within  the  kitchen  garden  walls  which  enclose 
six  acres,  devoted  to  fruit  and  vegetables.  Conspicuous  among  many 
varieties  of  Apples  were  fine  fruits  of  Lane's  Prince  Albert,  Graven- 
stein,  Cellini,  Ecklinville,  Emperor  Alexander,  Golden  Noble,  Mere 
THE  MANAGEMENT  OF  MEN. 
When  a  young  gardener  is  called  upon  to  take  the  responsibilities 
of  his  first  head  place  he  is  confronted  by  many  difficulties,  to  which 
he  may  not  hitherto  have  attached  due  importance.  Not  the  least  of 
these  is  assuming  the  sole  direction  of  other  workers,  and  many  a 
worthy  young  man  has  come  to  grief  over  this  matter  at  the  very 
commencement  'of  the  most  critical  portion  of  his  career.  All  who 
liave  made  any  study  of  life  know  full  well  that  there  are  some  men 
who,  from  a  lack  of  self-reliance  or  from  some  weakness  of  character, 
never  seem  to  become  ([ualified  for  the  charge  of  others,  though  they 
may  be  admirable  and  skilled  workers  under  proper  direction.  It  is 
well  when  such  men  are  aware  of  fhcir  own  disposition,  and  have  the 
good  sense  to  make  themselves  contented  if  they  are  lucky  enough  to 
secure  a  good  subordinate  position.  They  can  and  do  perform  much 
useful  service,  which  a  wise  superior  will  always  duly  value  and 
1  recompense;  they  are  usually  free  from  the  anxieties  which  often 
j  perplex  a  head  gardener,  and  beyond  that  they  commonly  have  a  more 
secure  office.  The  majority  of  young  men  who  may  have  devoted  ten 
or  twelve  years  to  a  study  of  their  calling  are,  however,  sufficiently 
self-reliant  to  assume  the  cares  of  office,  and  to  them  the  following 
remarks  are  addressed  by  one  who  was  first  placed  in  charge  of  men 
