December  IG;  1897. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAOE  GARDENER. 
589 
Scale  on  Peacli  Trees  (A  5.).— The  proper  strength  at  which  to  apply 
Gishurst  compound  is  given  with  the  preparation,  it  being  important  that 
the  instructions  be  carefully  followed  in  all  cases,  and  the  responsibility 
for  the  application  rest  with  the  vendor  and  user.  The  recipe  given  to 
“  H.  G.’  in  last  week’s  issue  of  the  Journal  answers  for  destroying  brown 
scale,  but  you  must  dilute  to  1  gallon,  which  you  omit  in  the  quotation. 
Plants  for  Windows  (W.  B.), — For  an  ordinary  window  few  plants  do 
better  than  the  different  varieties  of  Show,  Zonal,  and  other  Pelargoniums, 
with  Fuchsias,  Petunias,  Heliotropes,  Mimuluses,  and  other  flowering 
plants  the  grower  may  prefer.  Indeed,  no  one  can  give  any  definite 
selection  unless  aware  of  your  taste  in  the  matter,  it  being  usual  for  the 
individual  to  express  this,  or,  better,  make  selections  at  a  nursery  or 
florists’. 
Catting  Down  Easpberry  Canes  (E.  B.,  Do  set). — If  the  newly  planted 
canes  were  short  jointed  and  well  rooted,  we  do  not  apprehend  they  will 
suffer  through  having  been  cut  down  now  ;  but  large,  hollow  canes, 
which  are  the  worst  for  planting,  might  be  injured  if  severe  frost  followed 
a  term  of  wet  weather.  Leaflets,  giving  the  life  history  and  means  of 
combating  various  insects,  are  issued  gratuitously  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Agricultural  Department,  Board  of  Trade,  Wliitehall,  S.W.  The  cost 
of  binding  half-yearly  volumes  of  the  Journal  of  Horticulture  is  3s.  Gd.  each. 
Gas  Tar  on  Hot-water  Pipes  {Coal  Tar). — The  only  effectual  remedy 
is  to  remove  the  pipes  and  burn  the  gas  tar  off  them  over  a  red  hot  wood 
or  other  fire.  Some  good  might  be  done  by  wrapping  cloths  dipped  in 
caustic  potash  about  the  pipes,  and' when  the  tar  has  softened  scrape  and 
remove  with  hot  water.  You  may  try  it  by  dissolving  pearlash  in  water 
and,  mixing  with  lime,  using  the  clear  liquid  bj'  means  of  cloths.  It  will 
do  some  good,  if  not  sufficient,  but  the  better  plan  would  be  to  remove 
the  pipes  and  burn  off  the  tar. 
Photographing  Leaves  {M.  R.  B.). — Extremely  pretty  representations 
of  Fern  fronds,  and  all  finely  divided  leaves,  may  be  obtained  in  white  on 
a  blue  ground  by  means  of  red  prussiate  of  potash  in  the  following  way  ; 
— Make  a  fairly  strong  solution  and  paint  it  on  white  paper.  When  dry 
this  paper  is  ready  for  use,  and  on  exposure  to  light  it  turns  blue.  A 
change  is  effected  by  light,  which  produces  a  permanent  blue  ;  but  the 
potash,  unaffected  by  light,  is  still  soluble,  and  is  easily  washed  off  the 
paper.  From  the  above  it  will  be  easily  seen  how  the  representations 
may  be  produced.  Take  first  a  few  sheets  of  paper  to  form  a  bed,  then 
lay  on  the  prepared  paper,  next  the  specimen,  and  last  of  all  a  sheet  of 
glass  to  press  the  whole  flat,  and  through  wdiich  the  light  may  shine. 
Sunlight  is  best,  and  in  that  case  an  exposure  of  ten  minutes  or  a  quarter 
ot  an  hour  is  quite  sufficient.  All  parts  of  the  paper  not  covered  by  the 
specimen  are  now  blue,  and  it  remains  only  to  wash  out  the  potash  from 
the  paper  where  it  is  still  unchanged  from  the  protection  of  the  specimen. 
The  prepared  paper  must  of  course  be  kept  in  the  dark  before  use.  This 
is  an  easy  process  by  which  the  outline  of  Fern  fronds  may  be  taken  with 
the  greatest  precision.  Many  leaves  do  extremely  well,  such  as  those  of 
Ouvirandra  and  Jatropha  multifida.  It  is  much  the  best  if  the  specimens 
are  dried  before  use.  Bed  prussiate  of  potash,  being  poisonous,  should  be 
used  with  caution. 
Names  of  Fruits. — Notice.  —  We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
t^’pical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and  Bears 
sent  to  this  office  to  he  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only  specimens  and 
varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior,  which  are  not  worth 
sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of  senders  of  fruits  or 
flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with  the  specimens, 
whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or  not.  The 
names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials  sufficing  for 
that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  any  beyond  that 
number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent  on  the  first  indication  of 
change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot  be  named  in  a  hard  green  state. 
{D.  W.). — 1,  Newton  Wonder;  2,  Golden  Noble;  3,  Alfriston  ;  4, 
Unknown  and  worthless  ;  5,  Beauty  of  Bath  ;  C,  Court  Pondu  Plat. 
(T.  S.). — 1,  Beurr6  Diel  ;  2,  Pitmaston  Duchess;  3,  Easter  Betirrc. 
{0.  A.  R.). — 1,  D’Arcy  S]uce  ;  2,  Flower  of  Kent;  3,  Bramley’s  Seedling. 
{B.  M.). — 1,  ,Tose])Inno  de  Malines  ;  2,  Comte  de  Lamy  ;  3,  Bergamotto 
Es|)eren  ;  4,  Braddick’s  Nonpareil;  5,  Northern  Greening.  (H.  D.).— 
The  larger  Pear  is  Winter  Bon  Chretien,  the  smaller  one  Winter  Nelis  ; 
the  Apple  is  probably  a  local  seedling,  and  is  not  w'orth  growing. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  plants,  not 
varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and  termed  florists’  flowers. 
Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering  plants,  and  Fern  fronds 
should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in  a  fresh  state  in  firm 
boxes.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the  best 
packing,  dry  wool  the  worst.  Not  more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named 
at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible  wdthout  untying  the  ligatures, 
it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp. 
{A.  F.  7A).— The  Caladiums  that  you  sent  are  all  florists’  varieties,  which 
can  only  be  named  by  comparison.  If  you  read  the  rules  to  corre- 
sp  indents  you  will  find  we  undertake  to  name  species  only.  (.4.  W.  P.). — 
1,  Woodwardia  radicans  ;  2,  Gymnogramma  sulphuna ;  3,  Davallia 
canariensis.  {C.  G.  J/.).  — 1,  A  very  poor  form  of  Cypripodium  insigne  ; 
2.  Epidendrum  fragrans  ;  3,jlead.  {B.  Luculia  gratissima ;  2. 
(N.  Wl). — Through  being  in  the  post  over  Sund.ay  your  specimens  were 
quite  dead  on  arrival  here.  Send  fresh  ones,  and  we  will  endeavour  to 
assist  you.  (IF.  F.  M.).  —  The  specimen  is  either  the  typical  Iris 
feetidissima  or  a  form  of  it.  {R.  C.  W.). — All  the  specimens  are  varieties 
of  Cattleya  labiata,  which  can  only  be  named  by  comparison  in  a  large 
collection  such  as  Veitch’s. 
CO  VENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— Dec.  15th. 
FRUIT. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Apples,  4  sieve . 
.  1  6  to  4  0 
Grapes,  lb . 
•  •  • 
0  8  to  2  0 
Cobs  ...  ...  ...  ...  , 
.  22  6 
24  0 
Lemons,  case  . 
... 
11  0 
14  0 
Filberts,  100  lbs . 
.  0  0 
0  0 
St.  Michael’s  Pines, 
each 
2  6 
5  0 
VEGETABLES. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
E.  d. 
s.  d. 
Asparagus,  per  100  ... 
0  0  to  0  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0  2  to  0  4 
Beans,  J  sieve  . 
0  0 
0  0 
Onions,  bushel . 
... 
3  6 
4  0 
Beet,  Red,  doz . 
1  0 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs.... 
2  0 
3  0 
Carrots,  bunch . 
0  3 
0  4 
Parsnips,  doz . 
1  0 
0  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
2  0 
3  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
2  0 
4  0 
Celery,  bundle . 
1  0 
0  0 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
1  0 
0  0 
Coleworts,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
4  0 
Seakale,  basket . 
1  6 
1  9 
Cucumbers . 
0  4 
0  8 
Scorzonera,  bundle  ... 
1  6 
0  0 
Endive,  doz . 
1  3 
1  6 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  3 
0  4 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  3 
0  0 
Spinach,  pad  . 
0  0 
0  0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Sprouts,  \  sieve . 
... 
1  6 
1  9 
Lettuce,  doz . 
1  3 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  lb . 
0  4 
0  0 
Mushrooms,  lb . 
0  6 
0  8 
Turnips,  bunch . 
... 
0  3 
0  0 
PL.4NTS 
IN  POTS. 
s.  d. 
8.  d. 
6.  d. 
8.  d. 
Arbor  Vitae,  var.,  doz.  ... 
6  0  to  30  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz. 
••• 
4  0tol8  0 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
18  0 
36  0 
Ferns,  small,  100 
•  •  • 
4  0 
8  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
5  0 
10  6 
Ficus  elastica,  each... 
... 
1  0 
7  0 
Chr3'santhemums,  doz.  ... 
4  0 
9  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0 
5  0 
,,  „  single  plants 
1  6 
2  0 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz.... 
12  0 
18  0 
CycDmen,  per  dozen 
12  0 
18  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz.  ... 
••• 
3  0 
4  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz . 
12  0 
30  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz. 
... 
4  0 
9  0 
Dracaena  viridis,  doz.  ... 
9  0 
18  0  : 
Myrtles,  doz . 
... 
6  0 
9  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz.  ... 
6  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each... 
1  0 
15  0 
Evergreeens,  var.,  doz  ... 
4  0 
18  0 
,,  specimens 
••• 
21  0 
63  0 
Erica  hyemalis,  per  doz. 
9  0 
15  0 
Pelargoniums,  scarlet,  doz. 
4  0 
6  0 
,,  gracilis,  per  doz.  ... 
6  0 
9  0 
I'ulips,  various,  doz.  bulbs 
0  9 
1  6 
,,  various,  per  doz.  ... 
8  0 
12  0 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— CUT  FLOWERS.— Orchids  in  varietv. 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blooms 
Asparagus  Fern,  bunch 
Bouvardias,  bunch  ... 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
Chrysanthemums,  12  bnchs. 
,,  ,,  12  blooms 
Eucharis,  doz . 
Gardenias,  doz . 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnchs . 
Hyacinths  (Roman)  dozen 
bunches  . 
Lilac  (French),  bunch  ... 
Lilium  longiflorum,  12 
blooms  . 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12 
sprays  . 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs.... 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
bnchs.-  . 
6.  d. 
8.  d. 
8  d. 
8.  d. 
4  0  to  6  0 
Mignonette,  doz.  bnchs. ... 
2  0  to  4  0 
1  0 
2  6 
Mimosa  or  Acacia,  bunch 
0  6 
0  8 
(French)  . 
0  9 
1  0 
1  0 
3  0 
Narciss,  white  (French) 
2  0 
6  0 
dozen  bunches  . 
1  0 
2  6 
1  0 
4  0 
Orchids,  var.,  doz.  blooms 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs. 
1  6 
12  0 
4  0 
6  0 
4  0 
6  0 
3  0 
6  0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
0  6 
1  0 
,,  ff’ea,  white,  doz.  ... 
1  0 
2  0 
6  0 
9  0 
„  Yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
1  6 
4  0 
,,  Safrano  (English)doz. 
1  0 
2  0 
G  0 
9  0 
„  „  (French)  per  doz. 
0  6 
1  0 
3  0 
5  0 
„  „  .,  per  100... 
„  Pink,  doz . 
5  0 
7  0 
1  0 
2  6 
4  0 
6  0 
Smilax,  bunch . 
1  6 
2  6 
Tuberoses,  12  blooms 
0  3 
0  4 
1  0 
2  0 
Tulips,  doz.  blooms . 
1  0 
1  6 
2  0 
3  0 
Violets,  doz.  bnchs . 
1  6 
2  0 
,,  Parme  ((French), 
4  0 
8  0  1 
bunch . 
2  6 
3  6 
Eucharis  grandiflora  ;  3,  Todea  intermedia  ;  4,  Pteris 
longifolia. 
NOT  WHAT  THEY  SEEM. 
IIow  easily  is  the  sentence  written,  how  wide  is  the  application, 
and  how  true  it  is.  IIow  is  it  that  so  many  of  us  have  two  sides  ? 
A  fair  pleasant  side  to  the  world ;  a  fretful,  anxious,  capricious  one 
in  the  family  circle.  And  if  we  find  this  variation  in  ourselves, 
how  much  more  we  find  it  in  many  commercial  transactions. 
Mind,  do  not  mistake  us,  there  are  many  excellent  men  engaged 
in  commerce  who  would  scorn  to  defraud  by  word  or  deed.  It  is  only', 
we  hope,  of  the  few  we  now  speak ;  but  alas  !  as  evil  deeds  are  always 
more  prominent  than  good,  these  thing.s  of  darkness  come  to  the 
fore  and  throw  shame,  not  only  on  their  perpetrators,  but  on  whole 
classes  and  communities. 
One  body  of  men  have  borne  reproach  from  time  immemorial, 
