February  6,  1902. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
119 
Roses  for  Autumn  Blooms.* 
{Concluded  from  tiage  106.) 
Among  the  Teas  and  Hybi’id  Teas  I  would  particularise  : 
White,  or  nearly  white,  Antoine  Rivoire,  Enchantress,  G. 
Nabonnand,  Hon.  Edith  Gifford,  Madame  Cadeau  Ramey, 
White  Lady,  and  Yvonne  Gravier  ;  straw-colour  and  yellow, 
Madame  Chedane-Guinoisseau,  Madame  C.  P.  Strassheim, 
(extraordinarily  free  in  blooming),  Madame  Hoste,  Marie 
van  Houtte,  and  Sulphurea  ;  orange-yellow  and  buff,  Alex¬ 
andra,  Goldquelle,  Madame  Charles,  Madame  Falcot, 
Safrano,  Souvenir  de  Catherine  Guillot  (magnificent),  and 
Souvenir  de  William  Robinson  (tinted) ;  pink  and  rose- 
colour,  Boadicea,  Grand  Due  Adolphe  de  Luxembourg, 
Grande  Duchesse  Anastasie,  Madanje  Jules  Grolez,  and 
Rainbow  ;  salmon-rose  and  red.  Empress  Alexandra  of 
Russia,  Ferdinand  Jamin,  Madame  Abel  Chatenay,  Madame 
Lambard,  Morning  Glow,  Safrano  a  fleurs  rouges,  Salmonea, 
and  Souvenir  de  J.  B.  Guillot  ;  full  red,  Comtesse  Festetics 
Hamilton  (a  magnificent  metallic  shade  of  colour),  Francis 
Dubreuil  (deep  red).  General  Schablikine,  Marquise  Litta, 
Marquise  de  Salisbui'y  (very  brilliant),  Marie  d’Orleans,  and 
Papa  Gontier. 
The  third  group,  varieties  of  vigorous  growth,  will  consist 
•of  a  few  of  the  stronger-growing  Tea  Roses  and  Hybrid  Teas, 
together  with  the  Hybrid  Perpetuals  and  Bourbons.  Here 
also  we  have  a  very  large  selection,  from  which  the  following 
appear  to  me  some  of  the  best  for  autumn  flowering  :  White 
and  nearly  white,  Augustine  Guinoisseau  and  Viscountess 
Folkestone  ;  yellow,  Madame  Pernet  Ducher  ;  pink  and  rose- 
colour,  Aurora,  Belle  Siebrecht,  Camoens,  Caroline  Testout, 
(extra  fine),  Duchess  of  Albany,  Grace  Darling,  La  France, 
Madame  Wagram,  Marie  Finger,  Marquise  de  Castellane, 
Mrs.  John  Laing,  and  Victor  Verdier  ;  red  and  crimson, 
Alfred  Colomb,  Comte  de  Raimbaud,  Corallina  (extra  fine), 
Ella  Gordon,  Exquisite,  Fisher  Holmes,  Gloire  des  Rosa- 
manes,  La  France  de  ’89,  Louis  van  Houtte,  Madame  Isaac 
Pereire,  Madame  Victor  Verdier,  Ulrich  Brunner  fils,  and 
Victor  Hugo.  Of  these  last,  Fisher  Holmes,  Louis  van 
Houtte,  and  Victor  Hugo  are  of  somewhat  less  vigorous 
growth  than  the  others.  To  this  group  also  belong  the 
Rugosa  Roses,  the  Perpetual  Moss,  the  Perpetual  Scotch, 
and  the  Clynophylla  duplex  ;  these  form  strong  bushes,  but 
from  their  distinct  foliage  and  general  appearance  should  be 
planted  by  themselves.  Of  the  Rugosas,  good  autumnals 
are  the  single  red  and  white,  Belle  Poitevine  (rose-colour), 
Blanc  double  de  Coubert  (white),  Fimbriata  (fringed  white 
flowers),  and  the  Hybrid  Mme.  Georges  Bruant.  This  last  is 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  white  Roses  in  existence,  the 
flowers  being  of  the  purest  white,  and  produced  in  great 
abundance  both  in  summer  and  autumn. 
In  the  fourth  group,  varieties  of  semi-climbing  and  climb¬ 
ing  habits,  we  have  the  best  varieties  for  forming  large  single 
bushes  or  pillars,  or  for  covering  arches,  or  even  for  plant¬ 
ing  in  masses  where  bold  grouping  is  desired.  We  have  not 
■  quite  so  large  a  choice  of  good  autumnals  here  as  in  the  pre¬ 
vious  groups,  but  the  following  are  all  excellent :  White, 
Madame  Alfred  Carrihre  ;  yellow,  Celine  Forestier,  Gustave 
Regis,  and  Billiard  and  Barre  (very  rich)  :  buff  and  coppery 
tints,  Desprez  a  fleurs  jaunes,  Gloire  de  Dijon,  Kaiserin 
Friedrich,  Madame  Chauvry,  Madame  Moreau,  and  William 
Allen  Richardson  ;  pink  and  rose-colour.  Pink  Rover  and 
Climbing  Belle  Siebrecht  ;  crimson,  Deschamps,  Fellem- 
berg,  and  Gruss  an  Teplitz.  The  last  named  is  one  of  the 
most  striking  Roses  of  recent  introduction,  and  cannot  be 
too  highly  recommended  for  the  richness  and  brilliancy  of 
its  colour,  as  well  as  for  the  extraordinary  profusion  in  which 
its  flowers  are  produced  in  autumn.  The  introducer  informs 
me  that  it  was  the  result  of  three  consecutive  crossings  :  in 
the  first  instance  Sir  J.  Paxton  (Bourbon)  was  crossed  with 
Fellemberg  :  the  offspring  of  this  union  was  then  crossed 
with  Papa  Gontier,  and  the  progeny  was  again  crossed, with 
Gloire  des  Rosamanes.  As  a  creeping  or  trailing  variety 
*  A  paper  read  before  the  Fellows  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  by  Mr.  Arthur  William  Paul  (Messrs.  Wm.  Paul  &  Son), 
September  24,  1901.  Printed  in  rol.  ixvi.,  parts  2  and  3. 
for  banks  and  mounds,  Rosa  Wichuriana  is  excellent,  its 
pure  white  star-like  blossoms  contrasting  well  with  the 
bright  grass-green  foliage. 
It  is  satisfactorv  to  know  that,  notAvithstanding  the  rich 
choice  of  materials  for  the  autumn  Rose  garden  that  are 
already  in  existence,  the  production  of  new  varieties  of  pro¬ 
nounced  autumn-blooming  characteristics  is  still  engaging 
the  attention  of  hybridisers,  and  valuable  new  shades  of 
colour,  as  well  as  distinct  departures  in  style  of  flow’er  and 
habit  of  growth,  may  be  looked  for  in  the  future.  In  this 
latter  connection  I  may  mention  Mr.  Pernet-Ducher’s  inter¬ 
esting  hybrid,  Soleil  d’Or,  a  cross  between  the  Persian 
Yellow  and  the  Hybrid  Perpetual  Antoine  Dxicher. 
This  Rose,  flowers  of  which  have  been  seen  at  the  meet¬ 
ings  of  this  Society  during  the  past  spring  and  summer,  may 
be  considered  to  be  the  first  of  a  race  of  perpetual  or  autumn¬ 
flowering  Briar  Roses,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  raiser 
may  have  further  introdxictions  of  the  same  race  to  follow. 
I  also  have  great  hopes  of  the  varieties  that  are  being  raised 
at  Waltham  Cross  from  the  free-blooming  varieties  so  largelv 
groAvn  in  the  South  of  France  crossed  Avith  the  Chinese 
varieties.  These  have  already  given  us  such  fine  autumnals 
as  Corallina,  crimson.  Enchantress,  Queen  Mab,  Salmonea, 
and  others,  and  several  other  seedlings  of  great  promise  have 
been  exhibited  from  time  to  time.  The  enthusiasm  of 
raisers  of  new  Roses  is  keenly  alHe  to  any  preferences  on  the 
part  of  the  public  in  all  that  pertains  to  their  favourite 
flower,  and  noAv  that  due  appreciation  of  autumn-flowering 
Roses  is  being  manifested,  it  may  be  relied  upon  that  the 
raisers  will  be  found  equal  to  producing  all  that  is  required 
of  them. 
The  Camassias. 
Amid  the  wealth  of  bulbous,  cormous,  or  tuberous  rooted 
plants  there  are  sure  to  be  some  genera  Avhose  claims  to 
appreciation  in  the  garden  are,  to  a  certain  degree,  unre¬ 
garded.  They  may  have  slight  recognition  at  the  hands  of 
a  few  enthusiasts,  but  to  the  greater  number  of  amateurs 
and  gardeners  they  are  as  caviare.  One  feels  inclined  to 
place  the  Camassias,  or  Quamashes,  in  this  list  of  almost 
unappreciated  floAvers.  We  have  not  got  the  length  of 
making  use  of  the  bulbs  as  do,  or  at  least  did,  the  American 
Indians,  Avho  frequented  the  plains  where  Camassia 
esculenta  groAvs  just  after  the  plants  went  out  of  flower, 
for  the  purpose  of  collecting  the  bulbs  for  food.  They 
stored  them  for  winter  use,  and  cooked  them  by  baking 
them  betAveen  hot  stones,  Avhen,  Ave  are  told,  thej'  had  an 
agreeable  taste  and  the  appearance  of  baked  Pears.  I  am 
not  particularly  anxious  to  test  the  merits  of  the  Quamash, 
as  it  AA-as  called  by  the  Indians,  and  prefer  it  as  a  floAvering 
plant,  even  though  Maund  says  that  “  it  is  a  vegetable  of 
the  first  importance  to  the  inhabitants  of  some  parts  of 
North  America.”  One’s  lot  being  cast  on  the  other  side  of 
the  Atlantic,  I  prefer  those  in  more  general  use  in  our  own 
islands. 
As  regards  its  uses  as  a  floAvering  plant,  I  look,  hoAvever, 
upon  the  Quamashes  Avith  a  more  favomable  eye,  though 
they  have  the  faxilt  of  being  fugacious  in  their  floAvers,  and 
generally  last  only  for  a  few  days,  leaving  behind  them 
pleasant  memories  of  their  tall  spikes  of  pretty  blue,  purple- 
blue,  or  white  flowers.  By  dint  of  giving  them  a  little  shade 
and  a  moist  position,  we  can  lengthen  their  flowering  period 
by  a  day  or  two,  and  it  is  Avorth  our  while  to  try  this,  so 
much  are  the  flow’ers  admired  Avhen  at  their  best.  Now 
that  someone  has  been  I'aising  neAV  seedlings  (I  AA’ish  I  kneAv 
the  raiser’s  name),  Ave  may  look  foinvard  to  their  obtaining 
a  little  further  share  of  public  favour,  although  the  popular 
taste  naturally  prefers  a  floAver  whose  beauty  is  less 
evanescent.  Only  a  short  time  ago  there  were  only  a  feAV 
species  known  in  gardens.  These  Avere  C.  esculenta  and 
C.  Fraseri.  The  former  is  the  one  eaten  by  the  Indians, 
whence  the  specific  name  of  esculenta.  It  is  also  the  one 
best  known  to  the  majority  of  gardeners,  and  is  a  handsome 
June  flowering  plant,  Avith  its  2ft  spikes  of  pretty  purple- 
blue  flowers,  with  a  green  ovary  and  yellow  anthers,  which 
lighten  up  the  flowers  wonderfully,  and  add  to  the  attractive¬ 
ness  of  its  tall  spikes  and  its  fresh  coloured  green  leaves. 
The  plant  known  often  as  C.  esculenta  Leichtlini  is  generally 
considered  only  a  variety  of  this,  although  sometimes  set 
dowm  as  a  separate  species.  It  has  dull,  creamy-coloured 
floAvers,  and  is  not  by  any  means  an  attractive  plant.  It 
appears  to  be  confused  with  a  Avhiter  form  of  esculenta 
