270 
’''T^nXAL  ()!''  I'nirnnrr/ruH 
Rose  hybridisers  have  found  a  hobb3',  the  last  five  years,  in 
creating  novelties  with  the  Wicburaiana  as  one  of  tlie  parents. 
The  varieties  produced  have  all,  perhaps,  been  commendable, 
but  before  long  it  will  doubtless  be  overdone,  the  variations  so 
slight  as  to  be  unnecessary  and  confusing.  The  variety  Pink 
Roamer,  one  of  the  first  set  produced,  can  hardly  be  excelled  as 
a  single-flowered  variety.  Now  we  have  among  recent  creations 
Lynch’s  hybrid,  a  semi-double,  pink  flower  containing  General 
Jaoq.  blood;  Dorothy  Perkins,  a  double  pink,  originating  with 
Messrs.  Jackson  and  Perkins,  and  having  Mad.  Gabriel 
Luizet  Rose  for  one  of  the  parents;  and  Pink  Pearl,  a  double 
originating  with  Manda  and  hybridised  with  Meteor.  Doubtless, 
there  are  others  alread.y  on  the  market  or  that  will  soon  be  dis- 
»eminate_d.  •  They  all  have  more  or  less  the  habit  of  the 
Wiohuraiana,  which  is  popular  in  so  many  ways,  observes 
“  Meehan’s  Monthly.” 
Coronation  Roses. 
Millions  of  Rose  blooms  will  have  to  be  produced  for  Corona¬ 
tion  decorative  purposes,  and  we  have  been  asked  to  estimate 
the  amount  of  Rose  blooms  that  will  be  required  to  meet  the 
demand  for  Coronation  week.  We  are  loth  to  undertake  the 
task  lest  we  start  the  whole  trade  making  bets.  However,  we 
have  figured^qut  that  if  one-fourth  of  the  entii’e  population  of 
the  United  Kingdom  wear  a  Rose  each,  everj^  day  for  a  week  at 
Coronation  time,  (50,000.000  blooms  will  have  to  be  pro¬ 
vided  by  Rose  growers.  These  60,000,000  blooms  will,  on  a  fair 
average,  give  a  total  weight  of  1,877,7771b,  that  is  equal  to 
16,76ocwt;  and  if  loaded  into  railway  trucks  holding  five  tons 
each,  about  170  trucks  would  be  needed  to  bring  the  60,000,000 
Rose  blooms  to  the  markets.  Whole  regiments  of  market 
porters  would  be  needed  to  unload  them,  and  thousands  of 
market  men,  retail  florists,  flower  girls,  and  street  hawkers 
would  have  to  walk  almost  night  and  day  for  a  week  in  distri¬ 
buting  blooms  which  Dame  Nature  compounds,  seemingly 
without  any  effort,  simply  from  water  and  air.— “  Fi'uit  Trade 
News.” 
- - 
Certificated  Plants. 
( Concluded  from  page  202). 
Mimuli. 
We,  no  doubt,  owe  our  present  forms  of  the  garden  Mimulus 
to  the  crossing  of  M.  luteus  with  forms  of  a  rather  more  woody 
character ;  some  have  supposed  with  M.  glutinosus  or 
auiantiacuSj  botli,  doubtlossj  iclsntical.  and  kiiOMii  in 
catalogues  as  Diplacus  glutinosus.  It  is  probably  to  this  or  a 
similar  cross  we  have  a  hardy  perennial  variety  known  as 
M.  Tillingi,  which  dies  down  in  the  autumn  and  reappears  in  the 
spring.  Perhaps  the  blood  of  M.  cardinalis  has  been  employed  in 
producing  such  a  persistent  and  strong  growing  form.  The  pre¬ 
sent  race  of  large  flowered  Mimulus  are  indebted  to  the  blood  of 
M.  cuprous,  the  Coppery  Mimulus,  a  native  of  Chili,  from  whence 
It  was  introduced  by  Messrs.  Veitch  and  Sons  in  1861,  and 
was  honoured  with  a  medal.  Later  on  Messrs.  E.  G.  Henderson 
and  Son  distributed  a  strain  in  ■which  the  laige  crimson  blotches 
were  replaced  by  dense  small  spots,  but  it  proved  variable  from 
seed.  In  the  same  year  Mr.  W.  Bull  gained  a  First  Class  Certificate 
for  a.  fine  variety  of  maculosus  named  Marvel.  In  1865  Mr.  Bull 
obtained  a  First  Class  Certificate  for  a  hose-and-hose  form  kno'wn 
as  duplex,  but  it  could  not  be  depended  upon  to  reproduce  itself 
from  seed.  This  form  will  occasionally  appear  among  present-day 
seedlings.  In  1883  I  obtained  a  First  Class  Certificate  for  a 
crimson  flowered  variety  named  Brilliant,  which,  in  1889,  I 
exhibited  in  a  form  greatly  improved  by  selection,  under  the 
name  of  grandis,  and  it  received  an  Award  of  Merit.  In  1887 
Messrs.  Carter  and  Co.,  who  had  been  successful  in  originating  a 
large  flowered  strain,  under  the  designation  of  Jubilee  Queen’s 
Prize,  received  a  First  Class  Certificate  for  it.  In  1883,  Messrs. 
Veitch  and  Sons  exhibited  a  very  distinct  species  named  radicans, 
a  native  of  New  Zealand.  The  flowers,  white,  with  a  violet 
blotch  are  attractive,  hardy,  perennial  bog  plants.  Singularly 
enough,  though,  the  old  scarlet  species,  M.  cardinalis,  is 
susceptible  of  hybridism  and  cross-breeding,  it  does  not  appear 
to  ha,ve  become  the  progenitor  of  any  form  I  am  acquainted  with 
like  itself.  At  the  Hassocks  Nurseries  of  Messrs.  Balchin  and 
Sons  attempts  have  been  made,  with  commendable  success,  in  a 
certain  direction,  to  obtain  a  red  flowered  form  of  M.  (Diplacus) 
K  AND  COTTAGE  GARDEN  EH,  March  27,  1902. 
glutinosus,  by  cros.s-fertilising,  the  darkest  forms  obtained  as^ 
seedlings  from  the  species.  If  this  and  M.  cardinalis  could  be 
crossed  successfully,  valuable  results  might  be  obtained. 
Muscari. 
Three  forms  as  representative  of  this  genus  have  received 
awards,  viz.,  armeniacum  and  ligulatum,  when  shown  by  the 
Rev.  Harper-Crewe  in  1882,  and  conicum,  by  Messrs.  Barr  and 
Sons  in  1897.  The  latter  is  a  very  distinct  species,  producing, 
larger  spikes  of  brilliant  blue  blossoms,  but  it  does  not  appear  to 
have  become  much  cultivated.  It  received  a  First  Class- 
Certificate  of  Merit.  The  fragrant  M.  moschatus  have  also  had 
its  improvements  by  means  of  seed.  The  first  was  the  form  known- 
as  Harrison’s  Musk,  which  was  obtained  by  crossing  a  large 
flowered  Mimulus  on  to  a  common  Musk,  and  from  it  came  a  type 
with  good-sized  well-formed  flowers,  handsomely  spotted,  and 
yet  retaining  the-  perfumed  leaves.  This  obtained  a  First  Class 
Certificate  in  1876.  In  the  early  eighties,  Mr.  A.  Clapham,  of' 
Scarborough,  succeeded  in  raising  three  new  varieties  of  Musks 
from  seed,  which  I  obtained,  grew,  and  exhibited  at  meetings 
of  the  R.H.S.  The  first  of  these  to  receive  a  Certificate  of  Merit 
was  grandiflorus,  in  1883,  a  clear  jmllow  large  floAvered  variety, 
and  true  Mu.sk.  This  Avas  folloAved  by  ruber,  a  verj’  dAA^arf,  a 
compact,  large  floAvered  variety,  Avith  pale  copper-coloured 
floAvers  and  scented  leaves.  In  May,  1884,  I  exhibited  the  third 
of  the  trio.  This  Avas  of  a  close  tufted  habit,  like  that  of  niber, 
but  AA’ith  the  clear  yelloAv  floAvers  of  grandiflorus.  This  was 
named  Cloth  of  Gold,  and  received  a  Second  Class  Certificate, 
AA’hich,  a  fortnight  later,  AA'hen  the  plant  Avas  again  exhibited,  Avas 
changed  to  a  First  Class  Certificate.  I  fear  these  three  forms- 
haA'e  become  lost.  In  1890  a  form  of  Musk,  named  compactus, 
but  quite  distinct  from  any  of  the  foregoing,  gained  an  AAvard 
of  Merit  for  Mr.  Otto  Putz.  Mr.  Clapham  also  originated  a 
strain  of  Amry  fine  large  floAvered  Mimulus,  Avhich  is  to  be  found 
in  seed  lists. — R.  Dean,  V.M.H. 
- - 
The  Business  of  Market  Gardener. 
(Concluded  from  page  250.) 
Mixed  market  gardening,  that  is  to  say  the  combination  of 
much  glass  Avith  extensiA’-e  plantations  of  hardy  fruit  and  many 
acres  of  vegetables  and  floAvers,  means  much  capital  to  start,  and 
more  than  an  ordinary  capacity  for  work,  good  management,  and 
skill.  Such  establishments  are  to  be  met  Avith,  but  they  are  not 
exactly  for  one  man  alone.  The  proprietor  rightly  depends 
upon  a  good  foreman  for  each  department,  and  this  ensures  the 
requisite  attention  to  all  details  at  the  right  time,  Avhereas 
under  one  foreman  or  master,  as  the  case  may  be,  one  branch  is 
apt  to  be  neglected  for  others,  just  Avhen  good  attention  is 
imperative.  The  men  most  successful  Avith  these  mixed  farms  or 
market  gardens  are  those  aaJio  have  the  benefit  of  their  fathePs 
experience,  forethought,  and  outlay  of  capital,  another  successful 
class  being  those  Avho  made  a  comparatively  small  start,  and  have 
gone  on  adding  more  land,  more  glass,  and  more  fruit  trees- 
according  as  funds  are  available.  Starting  on  a  large  scale  with, 
it  may  be,  borroAved  capital,  and  Avithout  good  previous  experi¬ 
ence  is  a  most  unAvise  proceeding,  and  likely  to  end  in  a  bank¬ 
ruptcy  court.  Not  a  feAv  inexperienced  young  gentlemen  have 
come  to  grief  in  their  ventures  in  the  direction  of  buying  going 
concerns  in  the  Channel  Islands  and  elsewhere,  owing  partly 
to  having  given  far  more  for  the  property  than  it  is  worth. 
This  is  a  reversal  of  the  old  saying :  “  Fools  build  and  Avise  men 
buy,”  and  I  Avould  strongly  urge  upon  jmung  gentlemen  Avith 
capital  at  their  dispo.sal  to  be  very  chary  indeed  in  believing 
one-half  of  what  the  vendors  of  such  places  have  to  say  about 
them.  Businesses  paying  25  per  cent,  on  the  capital  invested 
do  not  often  change  hands,  and  Avhen  vendors  offer  to  leave  half 
the  purchase  money  in  the  business  at  5  per  cent.,  and,  further, 
offer  to  stay  and  manage  the  concera  for  tAvo  or  three  years, 
this  looks  very  suspicious  indeed ;  or,  in  other  Avords,  as  if  they 
expect  to  get  the  Avhole  property  in  their  oavu  hands  again  at  no 
far  distant  period  “  for  a  mere  song.” 
Mixed  fruit  and  vegetable  farms,  with  only  enough  glass  on 
them  for  raising  Tomato  and  other  plants,  are  in  certain  districts 
decidedly  profitable.  The  best  men  for  working  these  are  smart, 
active  young  farmers  with  enough  backbone  or  capital  to  keep 
them  “  above  water  ”  during  the  first  three  or  four  years,  or  till 
such  times  as  their  fruit  trees  and  bushes  are  bearing  freely, 
and  they  have  also  found  out  what  pays  best  to  grow  in  the 
way  of  vegetables,  as  Avell  as  how  to  market  them  profitably. 
This  class  of  farming  is  no  child’s  play.  To-  qualify  properly  for 
it,  at  least  two  years  should  be  spent  in  market  farms  of  the 
same  description  it  is  intended  to  start,  and  the  department 
which  the  farmers,  as  a  body,  are  most  backward  in — viz.,  hardy 
fruit  culture — should  receive  special  attention.  I  am  acquainted 
with  several  admirably  managed  large  fruit  and  vegetable  farms 
in  Kent  and  Essex,  and  have  spent  much  time  among  the 
equally  Avell-managed  farms  to  be  found  near  Evesham,  Honey- 
