April  24,  1302. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER, 
875 
NAME  OF  INSECT  (H.  R.,  Kent). — The  specimen  sent  is  a 
somewhat  battered  specimen  of  the  muslin  moth,  Avelm  mendica, 
of  the  female  sex,  the  male  insect  being  of  a  uniform  smoky 
grey.  It  is  not  an  uncommon  species,  appearing  usually  ip  June. 
If  taken  noAV  it  would  be  considered  an  early  emergence  after 
the  winter’s  pupation.  The  caterpillar  feeds  on  various  low 
plants,  chiefly  wayside  weeds,  during  the  autupin  months. 
CRUMPLED  APPEARANCE  OF  VINE  LEAVES  (J.  T.  C.). 
— The  leaves  are  in  the  condition  knoAvn  as  warted,  and  the 
crumpled  appearance  is  due  to  small  green  excrescences  that  form 
on  the  back  or  under  side  of  the  leav'es,  and  are  a  sort  of 
extravasation  of  sap  through  the  cuticle  of  the  leaf  by  the  breath¬ 
ing  pores  or  stoinata,  causing  swelling  tliere,  and  consequent 
puckering  and  depressions  on  the  upper  surface.  The  Avarts  or 
crumplings  are,  no  doubt,  injurious  to  the  leaves,  as  affecting 
respiration  and  their -elaborating  functions,,  and  are  the  outcome 
of  the  respiration  being  .suspended  rather  than  any  ill-health  on 
the  part  of  the  Vine  or  Vines.  The  affection  is  usually  caused  by 
a  too  close  Avarm  atmosphere  .saturated  A\  ith  moisture,  and  can 
only  be  aA'oided  by  a  more  ventilated  condition  of  the  atmosphere 
without  giving  rise  to  chills, 
AMOUNT  PER  CUBIC  FEET  FOR  LEVELLING  (Horticus), 
— “  Can  you  tell  me  through  tlie  correspondence  column  of  the 
Journal  Avhat  is  a  reasonable  amount  per  cubic  yard  to  alloAv  for 
levelling  a  laAvn  Avhere  nothing  UAore  serious  than  a  heaA\y  subsoil 
is  likely  to  be  encoAintered  ?  Also  the  price  per  square  yard  for 
laying  turf?  ” 
[A  great  deal  depends  upon  the  di.stance  the  soil  has  to  be 
removed.  The  excavating  runs  about  6d,  per  cubic  yard,  and  the 
fllling  into  barroAv  and  Avheeling  3d,  for  the  first  20yds,  _2d,  being 
alloAved  for  every  additional  run  of  20yds  beyond.  As  a  rule 
about  Is,  per  cubic  yard  is  generally  alloAved  for  barroAV  Avork, 
and  for  that  of  cartAvork  2.s,,  including  excaA'ating,  per  cubic 
yai'd,  Avithin  half  a  mile  of  the  Avork,  and  not  exceeding  one  mile 
3.S,,  this  ahso  including  excaAmting  not  exceeding  one  throAV,  or 
Oft  in  depth.  For  general  levelling  ground,  the  depth  not  to 
exceed  1ft,  3d,  per  supenficial  feet.  In  levelling  a  laAvn  it  is 
nece.ssary  to  not  only  reduce  the  hills  and  fill  up  the  holloAvs,  but 
to  keep  the  good  soil  on  top,  excaA’ating  deeper  Avhere  the  hills 
obtain  so  as  to  alloAV  for  good  soil,  and  on  the  hills  taking 
out  the  good  soil  so  as  tO'  admit  of  indiffereirt,  keeping  an  even 
depth  of  good  soil  all  over  the  ground.  For  such  Avork,  including 
laying  turf,  the  price  is  usAially  about  6d,  per  square  yard.  The 
cutting  and  laying  of  turf  is  generally  Is,  per  100,  each  turf 
being  a  foot  AA’ide  and  3ft  long  polled  up,  but  it  does  not  include 
levelling,  carting,  &c.  Labour  is  so  different  in  the  several 
localitre.s  that  it  is  difficult  to  state  anything  more  than 
approximate,] 
NAMES  OF  PLANTS. —  Correspondents  ichose  queries  are  tin- 
answered  in  the  present  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (W.  Everard). — TTie  Avhite  ( )rcliid  is  Dendrobium 
infundibulum;  the  other  is  Ltelia  .longheana.  (F.  S.). — The  pretty 
red-berried  plant  is  Fuchsia  procumbeus,  A’ery  decorative  indeed. 
(H.  R..  Kent). — 1,  Trachystemon  orientale  ;  2,  Pulmonai-ia  officinalis; 
3.  Corydalis  caA’a  albiflora.  (Hon.  C.  B.). —  From  the  appearance  of  the 
shoots  and  the  undeA’eloped  leaves.  Ave  believe  your  shrub  to  be  Rhus 
T’oxicodendron.  the  Poison  ivy.  (B.  F.  T.). — 1.  Dendrobium  nobile 
album  ;  2,  D.  chrysotoxicum  ;  3,  D.  densiflorum  ;  4,  Laelia  Schilleriana  ; 
5,  Oucidium  Papilio.  (C.  Jones). — 1.  Davallia  pyetocarpa  ;  2,  Nephro- 
lepis  eordifolia ;  3,  Neplirolepis  exaltata  ;  4,  Pteris  sulcata,  or  quadx'i- 
aurita,  as  it  is  more  cori-ectly  named ;  5,  Begonia  manicata  (leaf)  ;  6, 
Begonia  corallina,  Avith  crimson  floAvers.  (E.  A.  B.).  —  The  true 
Begonia  glaucophylla. 
Observers’  Notes. 
The  Sycamore,  or  False  Plane,  Avas  seen  at  ChisAvick  Avith  fully 
deA’eloped  floAvers  on  Sunday  last,  the  19th  inst. 
From  all  parts  of  the  country  reports  reach  us  that  the  fruit 
trees,  especially  Plums,  are  Avreathed  AA'ith  their  AA’hite  flowers. 
Young  fledged  I'ooks  may  noAV  be  observed,  as  Avell  as  little 
redbreasts.  The  cuckoo’s  call  is  becoming  more  common.  The 
Avhitethroat  has  also  been  heard. — J.,  Winchester. 
The  male  catkins  of  the  Black  Poplar  (Populus  nigra)  fell  in 
great  quantities  from  the  branches  of  a  tree  at  Chester  on  the 
17th,  and  this,  too,  before  the  anthers  AA'ere  ripe.  Does  frost 
cau.se  these  doAA'nfalls  amongst  the  catkins  of  the  Poplars  ? — T. 
I  quite  believe  that  many  persons  on  seeing  the  above  heading 
and  the  notes  beneath  it  have  asked  the  question.  What  is  the 
value  of  these  observations?  Tavo  or  three  ansAAmrs  can  be  given, 
and  the  first  I  Avould  suggest,  as  being  more  pertinent  to  those 
who  are  living  to-day,  is  that  they  tend  to  direct  the  faculty  of 
obserA^ation  of  natural  phenomena.  They  teach  the  beginner 
to  look  out  for  neAV  signs  of  progre.ss  in  the  ever-changing  circle 
of  beautiful  and  interesting  things  in  life.  The  good  of  such 
teaching  must  surely  be  obvious.  And,  secondly,  these  observa¬ 
tions  Avill  stand  as  a  record  Avith  which  our  great-grandchildren 
can  compare  the  phenological  date  of  their  times.  The  hardy 
spring  floAvers  have  been  called  “the  semsitiA’e  little  thermo¬ 
meters  of  the  floral  Avorld,”  and  although  some  have  said  Avith 
confidence  that  our  spring  seasons  are  colder  than  in  generations- 
past,  yet  the  outdoor  floAvers  seem  to  flourish,  an  argument  to- 
prove  that  but  little  real  change  has  taken  place.  Were  the 
spring  seasons  to  become  colder  or  milder  no  doubt  the  earlier 
coming,  or  delaying  their  coming,  of  migratory  birds,  too, 
Avould  tend  to  become  fixed  to  earlier  or  later  date,  as  the  case 
might  be. — D. 
- - 
Covent  Garden  Market, — April  23rd. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Fruit. 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Apples,  cooking,  bush.  6  0to8  0 
,,  Tasmanian  ...  11  0  15  0 
Bananas...  .  8  0  12  0 
Dates,  red  V.,  doz.  bxs.  5  6  0  0 
Lemons,  Messina,  case  10  0  12  0 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Grapes,  II  a  m  burgh, 
neAV,  lb .  6  0to8  0 
Oranges,  case  .  10  0  25  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s, 
each .  3  6  5  0 
Average  Wholesale 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Artichokes,  green,  doz. 
2  0  to  3  0 
■  ,,  Jerusalem,  sieve 
1  6 
0  0 
Asparagus,  English,  100 
5  0 
6  0 
,,  Spanish,  bun. 
1  0 
1  3 
,,  Toulouse,  ,, 
2  3 
3  0 
Batavia,  doz . 
2  0 
0  0 
Beans,  French,  lb. 
1  0 
1  3 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
0  6 
0  0 
Cabbages,  tally  . 
6  0 
8  0 
Carrots,  new,  bun. 
1  0 
1  3 
CaulifloAvers,  doz. 
2  0 
3  0 
Corn  Salad,  strike 
1  0 
1  3 
Cucumbers  doz . 
2  6 
3  6 
Endive,  doz . 
1  6 
0  0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Horseradish,  bunch  ... 
1  6 
0  0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  lA 
0  2 
Lettuce,  Cabbage,  doz. 
1  0 
1  3 
Average  Wholesale 
Prices.— Vegetables. 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Lettuce,  Cos,  doz.  ...  3  0  to  4  O’ 
Mint,  doz.  bun .  8  0  9  0 
IMushrooms,  forced,  lb.  0  8  0  9 
Mustard  &  Cress,  pnnt.  0  2  0  0- 
Parsle5y  doz.  imehs.  ...  3  0  4  0 
Potatoes,  English,  CAVt. 
3  0 
4  0 
,,  ,,  neAV,  lb. 
0  4^ 
5# 
.,  Algerian,  CAvt. 
13  0 
16  0 
Radishes,  doz . 
0  9 
1  0 
Seakale  . 
1  0 
1  3 
Spinach,  bush . 
3  0 
4  0 
Sprue,  French,  dozen 
bunches  . 
8  0 
9  0 
Tomatoes,  Canary 
consignment  . 
4  0 
4  6 
Turnips,  bnch . 
1  3 
1  6 
Watercress,  doz . 
0  6 
0  0 
—Plants  in  Pots. 
Most  of  the  undermentioned  plants  are  sold  in  48  and  32-sized  pots 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d 
Acacis  I)  r  u  m  m  0  n  d  i. 
Ferns,  A’ar.,  doz .  4 
0tol8 
0 
doz . 
18 
0  to  0 
0 
,,  small,  100 . 10 
0 
16 
0 
Aralias,  doz . 
5 
0 
12 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var,  each  1 
0 
5 
0 
Araucaria,  doz . 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Genistas,  doz .  6 
0 
8 
0 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Geraniums,  dble.,  doz.  6 
0 
8 
0 
Boronia  heterophylla, 
Grevilleas,  48’s,  doz.  ...  4 
0 
5 
0 
doz . 
12 
0 
18 
0 
Hydrangea  Thos.  Hogg  10 
0 
18 
0 
Crotons,  doz . 
18 
0 
30 
0 
,,  pink . 10 
0 
12 
0 
Cyclamen,  doz . 
6 
0 
9 
0 
Lycopodiums,  doz.  ...  3 
0 
0 
0 
Cinerarias,  doz . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  8 
0 
10 
0 
Cyperus  alternifolius 
ilignonette  .  8 
0 
9 
0 
doz . 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Myrtles,  doz .  6 
0 
9 
0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.  ... 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Palms,  in  var.,  doz.  ...  15 
0 
30 
6 
,,  viridis,  doz; . 
9 
0 
18 
0 
,.  specimens  ...  21 
0 
63 
0 
Erica  candidissima  ... 
18 
0 
30 
0 
Pandanus  Veitchi,  48’s, 
,,  CaA’endishii 
21 
0 
48 
0 
doz . 24 
0 
30 
0 
,,  Persoluta  . 
18 
0 
21 
0 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  ...  10 
0 
15 
0 
,,  A’entricosa  nana 
18 
0 
21 
0 
Primulas  .  3 
0 
4 
0 
,,  ,,  coccinea 
18 
0 
21 
0 
Shrubs,  in  pots  .  4 
0 
6 
0 
.,  Wilmoreana 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Spiraea  japonica,  48’s, 
Ficus  elastica,  doz.  ... 
9 
0 
12 
0 
doz .  6 
0 
8 
0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices  — Cut  Flowers 
Arums,  doz . 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bnch. 
Azalea  mollis,  bunch 
Bouvardia,  coloured, 
doz.  bunches  . 
Camellias,  Avhite . 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
Cattleyas,  doz . 
CornfloAA’er,  doz.  bun. 
Croton  foliage,  bun.  ... 
Cycas  leaves,  each 
Cypripediums,  doz.  ... 
Daffodils,  single,  doz. ... 
,,  double  ,,  ... 
Eucharis,  doz . 
Freesias,  doz.  bunches 
Gardenias,  doz . 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnclis . 
Gladiolus,  Avliite,  doz. 
bunches  . 
Gypsophila.  doz.  bun. 
Iris,  Spanish,  doz.  bun. 
Ivy  leaA’es,  doz.  bun. ... 
Lilac,  French,  Avhito, 
bunch  . 
Lilium  Ilarrisi  . 
,,  lancifolium  alb. 
,,  1.  rubrum . 
,,  longiflorum  ... 
s. 
d. 
S. 
d 
2 
OtoO 
0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12 
1 
0 
2 
0 
bnchs  . 
0 
6 
0 
9 
Maidenhair  Pern,  doz. 
bnchs . 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Marguerites,  Avhite, 
1 
6 
2 
0 
doz.  bnchs . 
1 
3 
1 
9 
,,  yelloAv,  doz.  bnchs. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Myrtle,  English,  per 
1 
0 
1 
6 
bunch  . 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Narcissus,  Poeticus,  doz 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Odontoglossums . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Orange  blossom,  bunch 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Primula,  double  Avhite, 
1 
0 
0 
0 
doz.  bunches . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Roses,  Niphetos,  Avhite, 
1 
0 
1 
6 
doz . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
,,  pink,  doz . 
,,  yclloAv,doz.(Perles) 
4 
0 
6 
0 
,,  Mardchal  Niels  ... 
,,  Generals . 
12 
0 
15 
0 
Smilax,  bunch  . 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Stephanotis,  doz.  pips 
12 
0 
15 
0 
Stock,  double,  Avhite, 
1 
6 
0 
0 
doz.  bun . 
Tulips,  Avhite,  single, 
3 
6 
0 
0 
doz.  bun.  ... 
3 
0 
0 
0 
,,  scarlet,  single. 
2 
0 
2 
6 
doz.  bun.  ... 
2 
0 
2 
6 
Violets,  single,  doz  ... 
3 
0 
4 
0 
WallfloAvers,  doz.  bun. 
s.  d.  s.  d 
6  0tol2  0 
6  0 
0 
0 
4  0 
0 
0 
2  0 
0 
0 
0  6 
0 
0 
1  0 
0 
0 
4  0 
0 
0 
2  0 
3 
0 
6  0 
8 
0 
1  0 
2 
0 
2  0 
4 
0 
1  0 
2 
0 
2  0 
4 
0 
2  0 
4 
0 
3  0 
4 
0 
3  0 
0 
0 
2  0 
2 
6 
12  0 
15 
0 
4  0 
0  0 
0  9 
1 
0 
2  0 
3 
0 
