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JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
May  1,  1902. 
many  observers.  Clouds  are  formed  by  one  of  two  causes,  viz. 
(1)  the  mixing  of  two  masses  of  moist  air  of  unequal  temperatures; 
or  (2)  through  changes  occurring  in  the  atmosphere,  where  expan¬ 
sion  and  consequent  loss  of  heat  take  place,  causing  condensation 
of  moisture.  Captain  Wilson-Barker  said  that  a  simple  primary 
classification  is  best  arrived  at  by  a  two-fold  division  of  cloud 
types,  viz.  (1)  “  Stratus,”  or  sheet  clouds,  and  (2)  “  Cumulus,”  or 
heap  clouds.  The  former  maj'  be  roughly  considered  the  cloud  of  a 
settled,  and  the  latter  of  an  unsettled  state  of  the  atmosphere. 
He  showed  by  means  of  lantern  slides  a  number  of  cloud  pictures 
illustrating  certain  varieties  of  both  main  types.  Under 
”  Stratus,”  or  sheet  cloud,  the  lecturer  included  fog  stratus,  high 
stratus,  cirrocumulus,  ciri-us,  nimbus,  and  scud ;  and  under 
“  Cumulus,”  or  heap  clouds,  he  included  the  ordinary  cumulus, 
the  shower  cumulus,  the  squall  cumulus,  and  roll  cumulus.  In 
conclusion.  Captain  Wilson-Barker  referred  to  various  optical 
phenomena  associated  with  clouds,  such  as  coronse,  halos,  sun- 
pillars,  rainbows,  and  also  the  colour  of  the  sky. 
Royal  Horticnltural  of  Ireland. 
■  The  annual  spring  function  of  this  society  was  held  recently 
in  the  old  quarters,  the  Royal  University  Buildings,  Earlsfort 
Terrace.  In  dealing  with  the  varied  exhibits,  it  is  with  feelings 
of  regret  that  one  has  to  confess  they  have  tended  to  degenerate. 
The  classes  were  considerably  less,  whilst  the  quality  of  the  varied 
exhibits,  excluding  those  which  were  awarded  premier  honours, 
was  far  from  a  liigh  standard  of  cultural  skill.  From  the  ' 
deficiency  of  the  counpetitive  classes,  the  nurserymen  made  up  a 
gallant  display,  and  amongst  the  many  Messrs.  Alexander 
Dicksons,  of  Dublin  and  Newtownards,  had  a  superb  display  of 
Roses  and  floral  designs,  each  veiw  fine.  Their  stands  of  bulbous 
flowers,  notably  forced  Tulips,  were  good.  We  noticed  the 
following  as  valuable  sorts: — Prima  Donna,  scarlet,  flushed 
wliite;  Yellow  Prince,  a  softer  yellow  than  California;  and  Queen 
of  the  Netherlands.  Daffodils  were  amply  staged  ;  a  gold  medal 
was  recommended. 
IMessrs.  Hogg  and  Robertson,  Mary'  kjtreet,  Dublin,  had  a 
choicely  arranged  group  of  their  Tulips  backed  with  Daffodils. 
Though  the  time  was  somewhat  too  early  to  see  them  in  perfec¬ 
tion,  yet  they  were  a  well  coloured  collection,  including 
Brunhilde,  Maes  vav  Berghan,  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  Karl  de  Moor 
(a  deep  golden  yellow,  feathered  and  splashed  crimson) ; 
California,  also  a  white  variety.  Roi  Pepin,  a  good  crimson, 
marked  with  white;  and  Joo.st  Van  Vondel,  a  white  that  stands 
alone,  a  massive  flow’er,  whose  long  segments  create  a  favourable 
impression. 
Miss  Curry,  of  Lismore,  had  an  extensive  array  of  Narcissus, 
comprising  the  most  up-to-date  varieties  in  seifs,  bicolors,  and 
red-cupped  types.  We  noted  that  Dr.  Fell  was  finely  grown  :  and 
amongst  the  others  were  King  Alfred,  Maggie  May^  Weardale 
Perfection,  Seagull,  Golden  Bell,  Cassandra,  and  Almira.  White 
Queen,  practically  a  new  variety,  caused  a  great  deal  of  atten¬ 
tion.  It  is  not  unlike  Maggie  May  in  build,  but  with  a  creamy 
v  lute  cup  instead  of  a  faint  yellow ;  likewise  the  perianth 
segments  of  same  hue,  a  chaste  looking  Howler,  complete  absence 
of  coarseness.  The  aw^ard  of  a  Gold  Medal  was  thoroughly 
earned. 
Messre.  Ramsay  and  Sons,  Ballsbridge,  had  a  circular  stand  of 
flow'ering  and  foliage  plants;  interspersed  w^as  forced  Hawthorn, 
and  many  were  agreeably  surprised,  but  those  who  try  their 
prentice  liands  must  remember  it  will  not  stand  hard  forcing  but 
very  gradual,  and  Messrs.  Ramsays  are  tO'  be  congratulated  with 
sliowing  what  can  be  done  for  beautifying  by  the  culture  of  the 
conimon  Thorn.  Their  group  of  floral  designs  was  also  good. 
In  the  competitive  classes  for  the  nine  pot  Roses,  Mr.  Philip 
Geoghegan,  gardener  to  F.  Millar,  Esq.,  Baggotrath  House, 
Sandymount,  was  an  unquestioned  first  wdth  well  flowered  plants, 
and  thoroughly  deserved  the  Cup.  For  twenty-four  do.,  ivxr. 
J.  Byrne,  gardener  to  G.  Drimmie,  Esq.,  Belview,  Booterstown, 
was  first  wdth  some  monster  blooms  (La  France  in  particular), 
although  the  stand  was  w'ell  maintained.  For  the  Marechal  Niel 
Roses,  Mr.  Haiw^ey,  gardener  to  E.  D’Olier,  Esq.,  Knocklinn, 
Bray,  rvas  fii'st  wdth  blooms  of  ample  size  but  detracted  from  oy 
want  of  artistic  staging.  For  the  dozen  single  Hyacinths  Mr. 
P.  Geoghegan  again  took  the  premier  honours,  a  position  he  has 
held  in  this  class  for  several  years.  The  other  classes  w'ere 
weak,  excepting  Mr.  Davis’s  (gardener  to  S.  Goodbody,  Esq., 
Obelisk  Park,  Blackrock),  who  staged  some  fine  plants,  and  like- 
w  ise  held  premier  place  for  the  Spiraeas.  Air.  Colohan  was  first 
with  giant  Deutzias;  his  six  ]>ots  of  Ferns  were  also  a  noble  lot. 
The  pan  of  Adiantum  Williainsi  was  choicely  grown,  and  gained 
the  card. 
In  the  great  class  for  Daffodils,  Lady  Doyne  was  fii'st  wdth 
fine  flowers  choicely  arranged  in  tiers,  and  resulted  in  captm-ing 
premier  place.  Second  place  was  closely  contested  by  Air.  Rigg 
(gardener  to  Lord  Cloncurry,  Lyons,  Hazlehatch),  but  poor 
arrangement  consequently  placed  him  back.  He  was,  however, 
awarded  premier  place  for  his  densely  flow’ered  pans  of  Lily  of  the 
^ddlcy.  In  the  Tulip  class  Mr.  Cavanagh,  of  Dalkey,  was  first, 
and  likewdse  took  iiremier  place  for  Cinerarias,  although  the 
exhibits  were  backw'ard.  Fruit  and  vegetables  were  small,  and 
competition  was  weak. 
The  Botanic  Gardens,  Glasnevin,  had  a  nice  bank  of  stove 
plants,  and  amongst  the  many  good  things  I  noticed  Cotoneasters, 
Boronias,  in  var.  ;  Gasteria  lingua,  fine  plants  of  Cymbidium 
eburneum,  Angrsecum  sesquipedale,  Schizanthus  wdsetonensis- 
Acacias,  Bromeliads  in  var.,  Diosma  ericoides  (wdth  its  pi'etty 
white  stars  of  flower),  and  other  plants.  A  medal  was  reconr- 
mended. 
Lord  Ardilaun,  through  his  gardener,  Mr.  Campbell,  erected 
one  of  the  most  interesting  exhibits  in  the  hall — a  stand  of  over 
eighty-seven  sorts  of  hardy  herbaceous  plants,  but  it  was 
cramped  for  want  of  space.  Amongst  the  many  subjects  were 
Daphnes,  Magnolias,  and  Anemones,  all  very  good  ;  also,  yellow 
Epimedium  pinnatum,  Grevilleas,  Iris  stylosa.  Primulas, 
cortusoides  and  rosea,  Orobus  vernus.  Erica  carnea,  Grevillea 
rosmarinsefolius  ;  a  fine  Pansy  Madame  Perret,  Omplialades  verna, 
Sanguinea  canadensis,  and  some  choice  Primroses.  In  the  even¬ 
ing  a  select  programme  of  music  w'as  played. — A.  O’N. 
East  Anglian  Daffodil  Show,  April  16th. 
Never  has  the  Public  Hall  at  Ipswich  presented  a  moi’e 
beautiful  appearance  than  on  Wednesday,  the  16th,  wdien,  in  the 
presence  of  a  large  audience,  the  Mayoress  of  Ipswich  opened  the 
second  annual  spring  floral  exhibition.  The  magnificent  display  ' 
provided  must  have  been  due  in  a  large  measure  to  the  inde¬ 
fatigable  efforts  of  the  Iron,  secretaries,  Mr.  A.  E.  Stubbs,  of 
Ipswich,  and  Mr.  John  Andrews,  of  Woodbridge,  in  obtaining  so 
many  non-competitive  exhibits,  for  it  must  be  admitted  that  witli 
the  exception  of  the  decorative  classes,  competition  was  by  no 
means  keen,  though,  as  the  society  is  but  yet  in  its  infancy  this 
will  doubtless  be  improved  upon  in  succeeding  years.  Nine 
classes  were  allotted  to  cut  Daffodils,  the  principal  class  being  for 
twelve  bunches  of  the  trumpet  section  (magni-coronati).  Air. 
J.  W.  Cross,  Wisbech,  taking  first  prize,  having  Glory  of  Leiden,. 
AI.  J.  Berkeley,  Aldme.  Plemp,  arid  A'ictoria  in  good  condition. 
The  other  classes  were  but  sparingly  filled,  Mr.  John  Andrews 
and  Mr.  T.  G.  Heatley,  both  of  Woodbridge,  being  the  leading 
prizewinners. 
For  the  best  collection  of  Daffodils  in  pots,  not  less  than  eight 
distinct  varieties.  Air.  L.  Brown,  Brentwood,  was  the  only 
exhibitor,  showing  good  examples  of  Mrs.  T.  W.  W are.  Emperor,. 
Empress,  Frank  Aides,  and  other  popular  sorts.  Various  classes 
for  Oriental  basins  or  vases  of  Daffodils  made  a  good  display. 
Air.  A.  Bennett,  Westerfield  Road  Nursery,  Ipswich,  secured  a 
special  prize  (a  case  of  champagne)  for  a  group  of  hardy  flowering 
shrubs  in  pots  w  ell  flowered  examples  of  Deutzia  Lemoinei  being 
a  feature  of  tne  group. 
A  silver  medal  was  offered  for  the  best  three  pots  of  Straw'- 
berries  with  ripe  fruit,  this  being  secured  by  Mr.  A.  Creek, 
gardener  to  Sir  Cecil  Domville,  The  Chantry,  Ipswich,  with  good 
examples  of  Royal  Sovereign.  An  interesting  class  W'as  that 
provided  for  market  salesmen,  viz.,  a  box  or  basket  of  cut  blooms, 
to  contain  not  less  than  twenty-four  or  more  than  thirty-six 
bunches,  to  arrive  the  morning  of  exhibition.  A  good  competi¬ 
tion  resulted,  most  of  the  flowers  arriving  in  beautifully  fresh 
condition.  Air.  W’hite,  Spalding,  was  first,  and  Air.  W.  Baylor 
Hartland,  Ard  Cairn,  Cork,  second. 
Floral  decorations  were  quite  a  feature  of  the  show' ;  the  twm 
classes  for  table  decorations,  one  for  a  table  of  Daffodils,  and  the 
other  for  a  table  of  spring  flowers,  bringing  together  fifteen 
entries.  The  prizes  all  went  to  lady  amateurs  of  Ipswich  and 
Woodbridge.  Baskets  of  Daffodils  made  a  charming  picture. 
As  previously  mentioned,  the  non-competitive  exhibits  w'ere 
the  backbone  of  the  show,  foremost  amongst  them  being  a 
splendid  group,  about  30ft  in  length,  of  flowering  shrubs  in  pots 
by  Messrs.  W.  Cutbush  and  Son,  Highgate.  Standards  of  Prunus 
triloba  and  Viburnum  Opulus  rose  from  a  groundwork  of  Palms 
and  Azaleas,  while  in  the  foreground  w'ere  disposed  bold  groups 
of  Lilac  Charles  X.,  Spiraea  confusa.  Ericas  candidissima  and 
persoluta  aJba,  and  Staphylea  colchica,  &c. 
Alessrs.  Perkins  and  Sons,  Coventiy,  delighted  the  visitors 
with  a  display  of  floral  designs  in  their  usual  masterly  style. 
Messrs.  Barr  and  Sons,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  &c.,  set 
up  a  lovely  bank  of  Daffodils,  including  some  of  their  choicest 
varieties.  Lord  Roberts,  Peter  Barr,  Big  Ben,  Weardale  Perfec¬ 
tion,  and  Lucifer  being  particularly  handsome. 
Messrs.  R.  H.  Bath,  Limited,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech, 
filled  about  20ft  run  of  staging  with  Daffodils,  arranged  in 
bunches  with  their  own  foliage.  A  very  pretty  display  of  popular 
varieties.  Mr.  J.  W.  Cross,  Wisbech,  had  a  similar  exhibit. 
From  Colchester  came  an  interesting  exhibit  of  hardy  bulbous 
plants.  Pot  Daffodils  formed  a  background,  while  in  front  were 
pans  of  Erythroniums  Hendersoni,  Watsoni,  and  revolutum,  Mus- 
cari  oonicum.  Anemone  Pulsatilla,  the  scarce  Iris  orchioides  ^d 
its  beautiful  pale  blue  form  coerulea.  Iris  stylosa  speciosa,  Fritil- 
larias,  Tulips,  and  many  other  gems  among  bulbous  plants. 
Some  beautiful  boxes  of  cut  Roses  w'ere  shown  by  Messrs. 
Fraidv  Cant  and  Co.,  Braiswick  Nursery,  Colchester,  including 
two  dozen  lovely  Niphetos. 
