450  JOURNAL  OF-  -HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER.  May  22,  I902. 
railed,  the  length  so  enclosed  being  960  yards.  For  furnishing 
the  garden  there  was  purchased  “  200  young  treys  of  Oake  and 
Elme,  Appul  trees  and  Pere  trees,  five  Servy  trees,  four  Holly 
trees,  quycksettes  of  Woodbyne  and  Thorne” — for  hedges  or 
arbours — “  treys  of  Yow.  Sypers,  Genaper,  and  Bayes  at  2d. 
the  piece,  600  Cherry  trees  at  6d.  the  100,  200  Rose  at  4d.  the  100, 
Violettes,  Primroses,  Gitliver  slips,  Mynts,  and  other  sweet 
floures,  Swete  Williams  at  3d.  the  bushel.”  The  “  Sypers,”  it 
may  be  noted,  is  Cupressus  sempervirens,  which  was  set  in  knots 
and  trimmed  annually.  Junipers  w'ere  employed  in  forming 
arbours,  and  “  Bayes  ”  is  Laurus  nobilis.  Giierries  and  Roses 
would  be  utilised  in  hedges.  The  mount  swallowed  up  250,000 
bricks  in  its  comstruction,  and  12,000  plants  were  required  to 
form  the  quickset  hedge  by  which  it  was  enclosed. 
Henry  laid  out  another  famous  garden  a  few  years  later, 
that  of  Nonsuch.  A  description  in  Latin  of  these  gardens  was 
published  in  1598  by  the  German  traveller  Hantzner,  and  full 
details  occur  in  a-  parliamentary  survey  made  in  1650.  The 
kitchen  garden  was  very  commodious,  and  enclosed  by  a  14ft 
wall.  It  contained  seventy-two  fruit  trees  and  one  Lime  tree. 
Adjoining  was  a  fniit  garden,  also  walled,  and  with  the  walls 
covered  with  Rosemary.  There  were  groves  ornamented  with 
trelliswork,  cabinets  of  verdure,  walks  embowered  with  trees, 
many  columns  and  pyramids  of  marble,  and  two  fountains. 
Lilac  trees,  “  which  bear  no  fruit  but  only  a  very  pleasant  smell,” 
are  noted.  In  the  privy  gardens  144  fruit  trees  were  included 
with  others.  Numbers  of  alleys  cut  and  divided;  up  the  space, 
and  Thorn  hedges  were  employed  to  divide^ oft  compartments 
and  “  rounds.”  Theobalds  (Lord  Burleigh)  dates  from  1560. 
The  marvellous  thing  about  this  garden  w'as  its  having  been 
surrounded  by  water,  “  so  that  any  one  in  a  boat  may  wander 
among  the  fruit  plantations  with  great  pleasure.”  The  gardens 
contained  many  trees  and  shrubs,  labyrinths,  and  much  marble 
work.  It  also  contained  a  splendid .  garden  house,  with  a 
banqueting  room.  These  gardens  were  greatly  altered  in  the 
succeeding  century,  after  coming  into  the  possession  of 
James  I.,  who  inherited  it  from  Elizabeth. 
London  Gardens. 
From  Stowe  we  are  able  to  gather  a  little  concerning  London 
gardens  at  this  period,  as,  for  instance,  in  Broad  Street  Ward 
there  were  divers  great  gardens.  Concerning  Houndsditch  we 
have  this  pleasant  picture,  succeeding  one  not  quite  so  pleasant. 
“Towards  the  street,”  he  says,  “were  some  small  cottages,  two 
stories  high,  and  little  garden  plots  backward.”  By-and-by 
these  disappeared,  and  the  rest  of  the  field  was  made  into  a) 
market  garden  “  by  Cawsway,”  and  “  in  the  last  year  of 
Edward  VI.  the  same  was  parcelled  into  gardens.”  About  this 
time,  too,  a  great  fruit  growing  establishment  wms  instituted 
in  Kent  by  “one  Richard  Hanis,  of  London,  fruiterer  to  King 
Henry  VIII.”  His  nursery  was  at  Tenliam,  and  having  imported, 
or  “  fetched,”  Cherry,  Pear,  and  Apple  “  graftes,”  that  is,  grafted 
trees,  out  of  the  Low  Countries,  he  stocked  seventy-seven  acres 
with  them,  and  from  this  centre  many  other  orchards  were 
stocked  with  “  rare  fruit  and  lasting  fine  fruit,”  such  as  hitherto 
had  not  been  known. 
Dr.  Wm.  Turner  and  others. 
The  Dutch  and  French  at  this  period,  and  earlier,  imported 
young  trees  as  well  as  fruit,  for  which  they  seem  to  have  found 
a  ready  sale.  During  this  period  also  the  earliest  physic  or 
botanic  garden  was  formed  by  Dr.  William  Turner.  Turner 
was  born  at  Morpeth,  and  seems  to  have  been  something  of  an 
ecclesiastic  as  well  as  a  physician.  He  entertained  certain 
opinions  repugnant  to  King  Hal,  and  found  it  convenient  to 
retire  to  the  Continent,  where  he  became  acquainted  with 
Conrad  Gesner  at  Zurich.  Returning  to  England  after  the 
death  of  Henry,  the  Protector  Somerset  secured  his  services  as 
physician,  and  Turner  seems  to  have  taken  the  opportunity  to 
form  a  garden  of  “  physical  ”  plants  at  Sion,  at  that  time  in 
course  of  reconstruction.  Afterwards  he  retired  to  Wells,  and 
established  a  garden  of  his  own  there.  Turner  was  a  prolifio 
writer,  and  composed  several  works  on  botanical -subjects,  the 
“  Herball,”  which  “  came  out  ”  in  two  parts,  the  one  in  London, 
1551,  the  other  at  Cologne,  1562,  and  the  work  as  a  whole  in 
1568,  being  that  by  which  he  is  best  known.  Previous  to  this 
Boode,  in  1540,  in  “  The  Boke  for  to  lerne  a  man  to  be  Wyse, 
&c.,”  just  touched  on  gardening.  Sir  A.  Fitzherbert,  in  his 
“Book  of  Husbandrie,”  and  Arnold,  1502  (London,  1812),  each 
treat  shortly  on  .the  subject;  but  the  time  of  books  had  hardly 
yet  arrived,  though  we  cannot  escape  feehng  that  works  of 
foreign  and  classic  authors  would  be  well  known. — B. 
Bee  Lecture  at  Shirley,  Southampton. ' 
Mr.  J.  Miles,  secretary  of  the  Shirley  Gardeners’  Society, 
recently  gave  a  highly  appreciated  lecture  on  Modern  Bee¬ 
keeping,  of  which  -we  hope  to  furnish  a  brief  report  in  a  coming 
issue.  •  -  t  . 
Notes  on  Roses, 
For  flowering  in  potsi  in  the  greenhousei,  with  but  a.  little 
forcing,  so  as  to  have  the  plants  in  flower  in  April  and  early  in 
May,  it  is  difiicult  to  find  a  more  charming  variety  than  Madame 
Plantier.  The  blossoms  are  borne  in  clusters  of  from  five  to 
seven,  and  are  of  the  purest  white  and  deliciously  scented. 
The  foliage,  too,  is  dense  green  in  colour,  which  enhances  the 
purity  of  the  blooms. . 
Plants  growing  in  6-inch  pots  and  flowered  profusely  are 
charming  ornaments  for  the  dwelling-house,  as  they  are  for  the 
greenhouse.  Growing  in  the  open,  it  is  difiicult  to  get  a  Rose 
more  profuse  in  flowering  than  this  Hybrid  China  variety.  The 
■  only  fault  that  can  be  advanced  against  it  is  that  it  is  not  a 
perpetual  flowering  variety. 
Liberty  is'  another  Rose  thait  those  who  require  neat  buds  in 
quantity  in  April  should  not  fail  to  obtain.  In  colour  it  is  a 
brilliant  crimson,  with  exquisitely  formed  buds,  just  the  right 
shape  for  buttonhole  bouquets,  tinder  glass  it  promises  to  be 
one  of  the  finest  varieties  we  have  for  cutting ;  but  whether  it 
will  succeed  as  Avell  out  of  doors  is  a  moot  point.  [It  does 
admirably  for  autumn  cutting.- — En.] 
White  Marechal  Niel,  although  not  absolutely  a  pure  white 
Rose,  is  a  near  approach  to  it.  The  petals  betray  a  slight  touch 
of  cream.  On  the  whole,  though,  it  is  a  charming  variety  for 
growing  in  quantity  under  glass,  needing  just  the  same  treat¬ 
ment  as  its  yellow  prototype,  which,  when  well  grown,  is  still  the 
finest  yellow  Rose  we  have. 
The  Bride  is  a  Rose  that  rosarians  should  pay  attention  to 
where  handsome  blooms  are  required. in  April.  The  flowers  are 
particularly  shapely,  and  with  just  a,  tinge  of  cream  that  renders 
the  variety  especially  interesting. 
Comtesse  de  Serenye  is  one  of  the  finest  H.P.  Roses  we  have 
for  growing  in  pots  where  flowers  pink  in  colour  are  required. 
The  blooms  are  especially  shapely  and  with  a  perfume  quite  its 
own.  * 
Lamarque  is  a  Rose  not  cultivated  nearly  as  much  as  its 
merits  deserve.  Grown  under  glass,  to  produce  blooms  of  the 
purest  white,  when  in  a  half  expanded  state,  this  Rose  has  no 
equal  for  quantity,  extending  over  a  number  of  years. 
No  Rose  that  I  know  succeeds  better  upon  its  own  roots  than 
this,  a  plant  growing  in  a  warm  greenhouse  here,  which  I  raised 
from  a  cutting  eighteen  years  since.  It  gives  annually  shoals  of 
blossoms  in  clusters  of  as  many  as  six  in  a  bunch.  Grown  out  of 
doors  the  flowers  have  more  cream  in  them  than  when  expanding 
under  glass.  The  constitution  is  vigorous  in  character,  ample 
space  being  required  to  see  the  plant  in  its  full  beauty. 
Pruning. 
The  pruning  of  indoor  varieties  of  climbing  Roses,  such  as 
Marechal  Niel,  is  the  one  point  of  importance  in  their  success 
or  otherwise.  Immediately  the  last  blooms  are  removed 
prune  all  the  growth  down  to  within  an  eye  or  two  of  the  base. 
By  the  severity  of  the  pruning,  the  base  eyes  annually  left  are 
induced  to  push  forth  vigorously  into  growth,  making  shoots 
the  same  season  from  10ft  to  15ft  long.  These,  if  trained  thinly 
under  the  roof,  and  the  plants  kept  in  a  healthy  growing  state, 
free  from  milaew,  mature  thoroughly,  and  £rom  almost  every 
node  the  season  following  sturdy  shoots  push,  each  one  producing 
a  bloom,  many  two  and  three. 
Mildew 
At  this  season  of  the  y/ear  is  a  bane  to  Rose-growers  under 
glass,  especially  when  attempting  to  cultivate  a  mixed  collection 
of  plants  in  the  same  house,  some  requiring  diverse  treatment, 
as,  for  instance,  Roses  of  the  Marechal  Niel  type  and  Malmaison 
Carnations  cannot  succeed  in  the  same  house.  Wliile  the 
latter  will  revel  in  abundance  of  air,  the  Roses  wiU  be  iafesthd 
with  mildew.  Quite  one  of  the  best  remedies  I  know  for  this 
fungus  pest  is  syringing  the  foliage  with  sulphur,  which  requires 
special  preparation,  it  being  difiicult  to  mix  with  water  in  the 
ordinary  way.  Take  an  ordinary  glass  pickle-bottle  or  jar  with 
a  wide  mouth,  place  in  it  a  small  quantity  of  brown  sulphur, 
pour  over  it  water,  stirring  the  while  till  it  becomes  the  con¬ 
sistency  of  painty  adding  more  sulphur  and  water  until  a  sufficient 
quantity  is  obtained.  To  every  three  gallons  of  tepid  water  add 
a  wineglassful  of  the  sulphur,  when  it  will  readily  mix  with  the 
water,  and  is  easily  syringed  on  the  plants.  The  evening  is 
the  best  time  for  syringing. — E;  M.  • 
