i98 
JOURXAL  OF  horticulture  AND  COTTAGE  GARDEXER.  June  5,  1902. 
tHey  are  apt  to  separate  at  tlie  soi)ta,  and  then  the  angular  cells 
become  rounded,  and  either  germinate  at  once,  or  they  may 
undergo  a  period  of  rest.  It  must  be  remembered  that  a  very 
large  number  of  conidia  arc  produced  on  each  pustule,  and  that 
each  conidium  germinates  from  each  of  the  four  cells,  so  that  it 
possesses  great  powers  of  disseminating  and  reproducing  the 
disease.  Every  such  diseased  tuber'  should  be  removed  and 
dejitroyed  at  once,  and  if  the  disease  appears  amongst  stored 
Potatoes,  the  application  of  some  fungicide  would  be  advisable 
so  as  to  kill  any  scattered  conidia.  Probably  some  slight  wound 
or  bruise  may  “be  necessary  for  the  mould  to  obtain  entrance  into 
sound  Potatoes,  but  to  be  forewarned  is  to  be  forearmed.”  Prof. 
Percival  observed  that  the  disease  was  infectious  amongst  stored 
Potatoes,  so  that  care  should  be  taken  to  remove  any  that  were 
affected. 
Lihi  disease. — Dr.  Cooke  reported  as  follows  upon  some  dis¬ 
eased  bulbs :  “  Bulbs  and  young  shoots  were  sent  to  the  last 
Committee  for  report,  of  Lilium  candidum.  The  two  bulbs  did 
not  exhibit,  either  externally  or  internally,  any  trace  of  disease. 
The  voung  shoot,  about  Gin  long,  ut  first  appeared  to  be  vigorous, 
but  very  soon  all  the  young  leaves  began  to  turn  brown  and  die 
at  the  tips,  gradually  passing  downwards,  until  only  the  basal 
portion  of  the  leaves  i-emained  green.  No  mycelium  could  be 
found  within  the  tissues,  and  although  the  shoot  has  been  kept 
in  a  moist  atmosphere  for  a  week,  there  has  been  no  further 
development.  I  am  inclined  to  suspect  that,  if  any  form  of 
fungus  disease  is  present,  it  is  due  to  the  parasite  described  by 
Marshall  Ward  (‘  Diseases  of  Plants,’  page  117);  but  there  is  no 
direct  evidence  to  be  found  in  the  speimens  sent  for  examinaition, 
and  it  is  possible  that  the  failure  may  be  due  to  external  circum¬ 
stances  and  surroundings.” 
Turnip  varieties.- — Mr.  Gould,  of  Sleaford,  wrote  to  say  that 
there  was  no  possibility  of  a  mistake  in  the  case  of  the  “  Red 
Tankard  ”  Turnip  described  at  the  last  meeting.  He  adds :  “  I 
am  leaving  all  the  plants  to  seed  again,  to  see  what  the  next 
generation  will  produce.  We  are  also  planting  one  Cabbage,  one 
Carrot,  and  one  Mangold,  and  will  let  you  know  the  result  in  due 
course.” 
liaspherry  cane's  and  Pear  leaves  diseased. — Mr.  Gant,  of  the 
Yorkshire  College,  Leeds,  sent  some  examples  from  various  places 
in  Yorkshire.  They  were  referred  to  Dr.  Cooke  and  Mr.  Saunders 
for  examination  and  report. 
Anihurium  Scherzerianum. — Mr.  Chapman  showed  two  spikes, 
one  having  two  spathes,  from  a  plant  which  has  borne  thirty-six 
'spikes,  all  of  which  were  double-spathed.  The  other  specimen 
was  a  seedling  from  this  plant,  but  single-spathed,  with  a  pale, 
rose-coloured  stripe  along  the  midrib. 
1  Stipa  riruhda,  injurious  to  cattle. — The  seeds  of  a  species  of 
Stipa,  probably  S.  viridula,  Trin.,  were  shown  by  Mr.  E.  M. 
Holmes,  and  were  stated  to  have  caused  considerable  losses 
■amongst  cattle  on  the  Canadian  ranches.  This  particular  species 
appears  to  possess  some  poisonous  principle,  which  has  not  yet 
received  a  careful  chemical  examination.  An  account  of  its 
properties  is  given  in  the  “British  Medical  Journal,”  1898, 
page  1,059.  Haeckel  states  that  S.  inebrians,  Hame.,  and 
S.  siberica.  Law.,  possess  similar  toxic  properties.  Other  species, 
likewise  fatal  to  cattle,  owe  their  danger  to  the  seeds.  Those  of 
S.  aristiglunus,  F.  von  Mueller,  being  said  by  Maiden  to  cause 
the  death  of  numbers  of  cattle  and  sheep  by  becoming  attached 
to  the  wool  and  woi'king  through  the  skin,  causing  intense  fever, 
and  often  penetrating  into  the  vitals.  The  chief  danger  of  this 
kind  arises  in  the  autumn,  Avhen  the  grass  is  in  fruit.  Many  of 
the  species  form  excellent  fodder  for  cattle  at  other  times,  such 
as  S.  spartica  (Trin).  which  constituted  the  winter  food  of  the 
buffalo,  and  is  now  the  delight  of  horses  in  the  winter  season. 
This  species  grows  on  the  dry  prairie ;  but  S.  viridula  grows 
around  badger-holes  and  in  coulees  throughout  the  Prairie  region 
westwards  to  the  Pacific.  In  New  Mexico  S.  viridula  is  known  as 
“  Sleepy  Grass.” 
Plants  exhibited.— ^Lr.  H.  T.  Elwes,  Colesborne,  Cheltenham, 
brought  the  following  :  (1)  Eremurus.  “  The  leaves  of  this  plant 
are  damaged,  as  I  believe,  by  long-continued  cold,  wet,  frost,  and 
hail ;  but  Mr.  Hooge  (^'an  Tubergen)  thought  it  was  a  fungus 
which  caused  'the  decay,  and  advised  the  cutting  off  the  leaves 
to  prevent  its  spreading ;  but  I  cannot  find  after  ten  days  that 
there  is  any  confirmation  of  this.”  Dr.  Cooke  thought  that  Mr. 
Elwe.s’  view  was  correct,  and  that  if  any  fungus  was  present,  it 
had  followed  on  the  previous  decay,  so  that  the  i>lants  should  not 
be  sacrificed,  i'l)  Eucharis  grandiflora.  This  is  attacked  by  a 
snail,  especially  where  they  are  above  the  soil.  Mr.  Chapman 
suggested  plunging  the  whole  pot  in  warm  water  for  twenty-four 
hours,  at  intervals  of  ten  days,  as  this,  without  injuring  the 
plant,  was  effective  against  mites.  (3)  Hymenocallis  sp.  These 
proved  to  be  nearly  allied  to  H.  littoralis  and  H.  cariboea. 
(5)  Zizamia  aquatica,  seedings.  Mr.  Elwes  observed  that  though 
supposed  to  be  an  annual  it  had  become  a  perennial.  Mr.  Bowles 
added  that  he  had  had  it  for  four  years,  but  it  had  never 
flowered  with  him. 
Daru'in  Tidips. — Mr.  Shea  exhibited  a  plant  bearing  four 
blos-soms  on  one  stem.  Prof.  Percival  observed  that  such  had 
occurred  in  Kent,  especially  Darwins  and  old  English  sorts. 
Also  that  many  Tulips  had  seven  or  more  perianth  leaves,  while 
the  bracts  were  coloured.  Lastly  “  singles  ”  had  become 
“  doubles  ”  this  year.  Mr.  Elwes  attributed  these  abnormal  con¬ 
ditions  to  the  perfect  season  of  1901  for  ripening  the  bulbs. 
Tulipa  si/lvestris. — Mr.  Chapman  sent  the  following  com¬ 
munication  :  “  I  noticed  from  the  report  of  the  Ro.val  Horticul¬ 
tural  Society’s  Scientific  Committee  (April  22)  Mr.  Worsley 
showed  the  above  Tulip.  Having  .several  of  the  species  in  flower 
in  the  borders  here,  I  mentioned  the  matter  to  Mr.  Cookson  (of 
Oakwcod,  Wylam-on-Tyne),  and  have  ascertained  the  following 
particulars  from  him,  which  I  thought  might  perhaps  be  of  in¬ 
terest.  The  plants  we  have  here  were  collected  and  brought  by 
Mr.  Cookson  from  a  gentleman  friend’s  wood,  about  eleven  miles 
north  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne.  Although  they  must  have  been 
growing  in  this  particular  spot  for  ages,  Mr.  Cookson  was  the 
first  to  notice  the  Tulip  characteristic  about  the  apparent  “  weed.” 
I  use  the  word  weed,  for,  from  what  Mr.  Cookson  tells  me,  they 
grow  in  hundreds  of  thousands,  scarcely  ever  exceeding  3in  in 
height,  and  never  flowering  where  growing  in  the  wild  state. 
After  gathering  the  plants,  they  ’ivere  planted  in  tlie  borders. 
It  took  three  years  before  they  produced  flower.  Its  identity 
being  then  established.  Since  then,  where  the  plants  have  not 
been  moved,  it  is  interesting  to  note  that,  in  almo.st  every  in¬ 
stance,  twin  flower  scapes  are  produced,  as  in  enclosed  specimen. 
It  may  also  be  of  interest  to  note  that  it  has  a  peculiar  character 
of  forming  a  long  rhizome  between  each  bulb,  giving  it  such  a 
roving  nature  in  cultivated  ground  that  although  planted  in  a 
bed  or  patch,  it  will  be  found  at  a  very  different  position  from 
where  it  was  planted  the  following  year.  I  notice  S.W.  Yorks, 
being  the  farthest  north  given  in  the  report,  it  might  be  interest- 
uig  to  know  that  it  can  be  still  found  as  a  wild  plant  in  North¬ 
umberland.” 
Dutch  Horticultural  and  Botanical. 
■  At  a  meeting  of  this  society,  on  May  14,  1902,  the  Floral  Com¬ 
mittee  awarded  First  Class  Certificates  to  Odontoglossum 
Hunnewellianum  var.  nigrum  (as  rare  plant),  from  Mr.  W.  C. 
Baron  van  Boetzelaer,  at  Maartensdijk;  to  Odontoglossum 
cirrhosum,  from  Mr.  H.  C.  Hacke,  Baarn.  Awards  of  Merit  to 
Oncidium  Marshallianum  and  Cattleya  Mendeli,  from  Mr.  H. 
Hornsveld,  Baarn  ;  to  Primula  elatior  Zwijndrecht’s  Glorie  (as 
new  plant),  from  Van  Namen  Brothers,  Zwijndreclit.  A  Honor¬ 
able  Mentioning  to  Odontoglc.ssum  Ros.si  aspersum,  from  Mr. 
H.  C.  Hacke,  Baarn;  to  Odontoglossum  crispum  (importation), 
from  Mr.  C.  J.  Vrikhert,  Haarlem.  A  Silver-Gilt  Medal  to  a 
very  fine  collection  of  Odontoglossums  from  Mr.  J.  H.  van 
Vloten,  Haarlem.  A  Silver  Medal  to  a  collection  of  Orchids  from 
Mr.  C.  J.  Vrikhert,  Haarlem.  Bronze  Medals-  to  the  collections 
of  Orchids  grown  in  different  materials  from  Mr.  J.  H.  van  Vloten, 
Haarlem;  Mr.  W.  C.  Baron  van  Beetzelaer,  Maartensdijk; 
H.  Horirsweld,  Baarn;  J.  C.  Ballego,  and  C.  J.  Vrikhert.  I'lie 
Commission  could  not  make  out  which  material  would  be  the 
best;  they  were  all  a  success. — P.  W.  Voet,  Adj.  Secretary. 
Bristol  Gardeners’  Association. 
In  connection  with  this  society  the  summer  session  was  opened 
on  Thursday  evening.  May  22,  by  Mr,  F.  Nash,  Fellow  of  the  Bath 
District  Horticultural  Association,  who  delivered  an  exhaustive 
lecture  on  the  future  culture  of  the  Rose.  Mr.  Nash  remarked 
that  this  “  flower  of  flowers  ”  has  been  in  existence  since  the 
world.  This  queen  of  flowers  has  been  vastly  inqjroved,  and  now 
stands  second  to  none  among. our  floral  adornments  of  the  garden. 
The  decorative  uses  to  which  the  Rose  can  be  put  are  numerous, 
and  simply  to  form  beds  such  as  we  usually  see  does  by  no  means 
constitute  aRose  garden.  There  should  be  banks,  hedges,  bowers, 
beds,  screens,  pillars,  and  such  like,  covered  with  Roses.  River 
banks  also  would  form  a  picture  in  itself  if  judiciously  iflanted, 
and  where  one  had  room  to  plant  such  places  there  is  no  doubt 
that  Eve  herself  would  be  envious  of  the  modem  gardener  if  she 
could  come  upon  the  scene.  The  numerous  varieties  of  the  Rose, 
now  amounting  to  some  2,000  sorts,  are  divided  into  thirty 
sections,  and  enables  us  to  make  .STich  a  selection  that  cannot  fail 
to  cause  unmistakeable  pleasure  to  all  lovers  of  their  garden.  Mr. 
Nash  advised  his  audience  when  ordering  to  leave  the  selection 
to  the  Rose  grower,  who,  knowing  them  so  well,  would  send  only 
those  most  suitable  for  the  a.spect  they  were  intended  for.  We 
find  the  Rose  first  appearing  on  the  Great  Seal  of  England  during 
the  reign  of  King  Edward  IV.,  in  the  fourteenth  centui'.v,  and 
now  in  the  days  of  our  present  King  Edward  VII.,  we  still  find 
it  the  national  emblem  of  our  land.  The  lecturer  gave  a  good 
selection  of  the  be.st  Ro.ses  to  grow,  as  also  many  useful  hints  for 
their  succe.ssful  cultivation.  An  excellent  discussion  followed, 
and  he  was  awarded  the  heartiest  thanks  of  the  meeting  for  his 
vi.sit,  to  which  he  suitably  replied.  Prizes  for  six  Tea  or  Noisette 
Roses  went  to — First  Mrs.  Talmadge  (gardener,  Mr.  G.  W.  Har¬ 
ford),  and  second  to  Mr.  J.  Chetwood  Aiken  (gardener,  Mr.  J. 
Clarke).  Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to  Lady  Cave 
(gardener,  Mr.  Poole),  for  an  exhibit  of  cut  foliage  and  flowers ; 
Mr.  Gilbert  Howes  (gardener,  Mr.  White),  for  Aerides  Fieldingi ; 
Mr.  Shopland,  for  a  di.sh  of  Mushrooms;  and  to  Mr.  Day  for 
