502 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
June  5,  1902. 
SAVOYS. — It  is  too  early  yet  to  finally  plant  out  Savoys, 
but  the  seedlings  in  the  beds  must  be  thinned,  and  some 
pricked  out  to  strengthen. 
KALE  OR  BORECOLE.- -Scotch,  Asparagus,  Cottagers, 
Hardy  Sprouting  varieties  must  be  grown  sturdily  by  pricking 
them  out  in  beds  about  4in  apart,  and  thinning  out  the  seed¬ 
lings  to  avoid  their  being  drawn  by  crowding. 
TURNIPS. — Sow  a  moderate  breadth  of  Turnips  in  shallow 
drills  on  good  ground.  Earlier  sowings  should  be  thinned  freely, 
and  the  soil  well  hoed.  Dustings  of  soot  during  the  youngest 
stage  will  not  onl.y  deter  attacks  of  fly,  but  promote  growth. 
As  an  incentive  to  quick  growth,  applications  of  artificial  fer¬ 
tilisers  will  promote  vigour. 
CTILERY. — Additional  trenches  must  be  prepared  for  the 
principal  crop  of  Celery,  placing  out  sturdy,  well-rooted  plants 
with  good  balls  of  soil  as  the  opportunity  occurs.  The  soil 
must  be  in  a  moist  state  when  the  planting  is  done,  so  should 
very  dry  weather  occur,  the  trenches  must  be  well  moistened  a 
day  or  two  previously.  If  possible,  plant  in  showery  weather, 
as  then  the  foliage  will  not  wilt  so  much. 
FRENCH  BEANS. — Another  sowing  should  be  made  in  a 
favourable  position,  as  this  sowing  will  undoubtedly  come  into 
bearing  at  an  opportune  time  when  probably  the  earlier  rows 
are  becoming  useless  from  prolonged  bearing.  Previous  to 
sowing  soak  the  drills  with  liquid  manure. 
SC'ARLET  RUNNERS. — It  is  not  too  late  to  make  a  sowing 
of  Scarlet  Runners,  for  the  later  a  crop  of  Beans  can  be  secured 
the  better.  This  sowing  will,  under  favourable  circumstances 
of  growth,  take  the  place  of  the  main  crop,  which  from  a  pro¬ 
longed  period  of  bearing  fails  to  last  out  to  the  end  of  the 
season.  If  several  rows  are  sown,  do  not  crowd  them  too  closely 
together.  Afford  ample  space  of  8ft  to  12ft,  and  crop  the  inter¬ 
mediate  space  with  Celery.  Cauliflower,  Leeks,  or  Lettuce. 
LETTUCE. — Immediately  plants  run  to  seed,  remove  them 
from  the  ground.  Sow  more  seed  for  succession,  and  thin  or 
plant  out  advancing  seedlings  in  moistened  drills  during  the 
prevalence  of  very  dry  weather. — East  Kent. 
Nature  Notes. 
Heavy  snowstorms  and  a  severe  frost,  which  ha's  killed  all 
their  silkworms,  have  ruined  hundreds  of  peasants  in  Pieve  di 
Cadore,  in  North-Eastern  Italy. 
Paragraphs  in  the  newspapers  announce  the  appearance  of 
Mushrooms  in  fields  and  meadows  throughout  various  counties. 
ourselves  gathered  some  very  fine  samples  on  Sunday  near 
Standford,  in  Berkshire.  The  May  fly  was  seen  in  quantity  on 
Saturday,  May  31,  on  the  Kennet;  and  the  orange-tipped 
butterfly  appeared  on  June  1  .The  nightingale  was  seen  and 
heard  on  the  same  date,  but  it  ceases  to  sing  from  about  this 
time. 
- - 
Meteorological  Observations  at  Chiswick. 
Taken  in  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society’s  Gardens  at  Chis 
wick,  height  above  sea  level  24  feet. 
Dale. 
Direction  of 
Wind. 
Temperature  of  the 
Air. 
Rain. 
Temperature  of 
the  Soil. 
At  9  A.M. 
Lowest 
Temperature 
on  Grass.  | 
1902. 
May. 
At  9  A.H. 
Day. 
Night 
At 
1-ft. 
deep. 
At 
2-ft. 
deep. 
At 
4-ft. 
deep. 
Dry 
Bulb. 
Wet 
Bulb. 
•4a 
CQ 
4) 
'3) 
K 
03 
o 
& 
o 
J 
Sunday  ...25 
Monday  ...26 
Tuesday  ...27 
Wed'sday  28 
Thursday  29 
Friday  ...30 
Saturday  31 
N.W. 
N.W.  . 
w.s.w. 
S.W. 
w.s.w. 
K.N.E. 
S.E. 
-  - 
deg. 
60- 4 
57-8 
63-2 
57-6 
55-7 
50-4 
61- 2 
deg. 
53-5 
49-8 
58-4 
49-8 
48-9 
500 
57-5 
deg. 
67-0 
690 
70  0 
e6'4 
63-7 
63-7 
69-2 
deg. 
500 
44 '8 
48- 3 
48'0 
49- 5 
48-0 
50- 5 
Ins. 
0-05 
0-22 
0  09 
0-05 
deg. 
55- 0 
56- 5 
57- 9 
58- 9 
58-7 
58-2 
57-7 
deg. 
51-3 
52  6 
53- 5 
54- 5 
55- 0 
55-3 
55T 
deg. 
49-3 
49-4 
49- 8 
50- 2 
50- 5 
510 
51- 3 
deg. 
41-0 
37-2 
41-3 
39-6 
47-2 
46-8 
49  0 
Means  ... 
58-0 
52 '3 
67-0 
48-4 
Total.l 
0-41  j  57-6 
1  ■ 
53-9 
50-2 
43-2 
The  first  part  of  the  week  was  bright  and  dry,  the  latter  part  dull 
and  warm,  with  frequent  showers. 
- - 
Trade  Catalogue  Received. 
Benjamin  R.  Cant  and  Sons,  The  Old  Rose  Gardens,  Colchester.— 
Descriptive  Price  List  of  New  Roses  for  Spring,  1902. 
* All  correspondence  relating  to  editorial  matters  should  be  directed 
to  “  The  Editor,”  12,  Mitre  Court  Chambers,  Fleet  Street, 
London,  E.C.  It  is  requested  that  no  one  will  write  privately 
to  any  of  our  correspondents,  seeking  information  on  matters 
discussed  in  this  Journal,  as  doing  so  subjects  them  to  imjustifiable 
trouble  and  expense. 
FOUR  FLOWERED  TULIP  (H.  Silcox).— Thanks  for  photo¬ 
graph  received,  which  we  shall  use. 
F.R.H.S.  (M.). — Inquire  of  the  Secretary,  R.H.S.,  117, 
Victoria  Street,  London,  S.W. 
WEED  KILLER  ( — .  Gunn). — Your  name  is  undecipherable. 
The  Acme  Weed  Killer  is  certainly  poisonous. 
BROWN  BLOTCHES  ON  VINE  LEAVES  (J.  W.  S.).— The 
blotches  on  the  Alicante  leaves  are  caused  by  damp,  or,  rather, 
the  sun  acting  powerfully  upon  them  whilst  wet ;  either  the 
leaves  being  too  near  the  glass  or  ventilation  not  given  early 
enough  to  dispel  the  moisture  by  the  time  the  sun  acted  power¬ 
fully  on  the  house  and  raised  the  temperature  considerably. 
The  leaves  in  other  respects  are  quite  clean  and  healthy,  such 
spots  on  leaves  often  being  caused  by  drip  from  a  leaky  roof. 
The  damp  arising  from  pots  would  not  cause  the  mischief,  for  it 
is  the  moisture  on  the  foliage,  and  there  remaining  for  some 
time,  that  has  given  rise  to  the  injury.  Leaves  touching  the 
glass  are  almost  certain  to  be  sccrched,  as  there  is  usually  mois¬ 
ture  on  the  glass  or  between  it  and  the  portion  of  leaf  in  contact. 
PEACH  FRUITS  CRACKED  (Dundee).— The  fruits  are  badly 
affected  with  mildew,  which  forms  a  dense  white  coat  over  the 
parts  affected,  living  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  cells  of  the 
fruit,  destroying  or  hardening  the  skin.  This  prevents  the 
proper  swelling  of  the  fruit,  hence  the  mildewed  parts  fre¬ 
quently  crack,  as  in  the  specimens.  Flowers  of  sulphur,  mixed 
with  about  one-third  of  slaked  lime  dusted  on  the  affected  fruit 
while  the  mildew  is  in  the  early  stage  arrests  its  progress,  as  it 
will  also  do  later,  but  when  the  disease  has  made  considerable 
advance,  as  in  your  case,  the  fruit  will  not  afterwards  be  of 
any  use,  being  spoiled  by  irregular  swelling  and  cracking.  Spray¬ 
ing  with  potas.sium  sulphide,  loz  to  3gal  of  water,  will  also  check 
the  disease,  and  is  not  so  unsightly  on  the  foliage  as  the  powder 
dressing. 
ERADICATING  THISTLES  FROM  A  PASTURE  (Idem).— 
The  cheapest  and  mo.st  expeditious  method,  all  points  considered, 
is  pulling  up  every  shoot  as  soon  as  it  appears,  those  pulling  this 
weed  requiring  to  be  furnished  with  strong  gloves  or  Thistle 
pincers.  It  takes  seven  or  eight  years  to  free  the  land  from  the 
weed,  though  this  is  hardly  pos.^ible,  as  Thistles  are  so  common 
by  roadsides,  and  seed  so  abundantly,  that  it  is  hardly  possible 
to  completely  effect  the  extermination  of  the  w'eed  in  either 
pasture  or  arable  land.  Cutting  off  the  plant  with  a  .spade  is 
not  so  good  as  pulling,  though  the  spade  or  implement  that 
liberates  a  portion  of  salt  on  the  root  has  a  good  effect,  but  the 
prickly  tops  remain  to  the  annoyance  of  cattle  grazing.  In  most 
cases  it  is  'usual  to  leave  the  Thistles  until  showing  or  “  knop- 
ping  ”  for  flower,  and  then  cut  them  down  close  with  a  scythe. 
This  has  a  deterrent  effect,  and  some  consider  it  all  that  is  neces¬ 
sary,  or  at  least  that  pays  for  the  trouble.  The  cut  Thistles 
should  be  cleared  off  the  land.  When  cutting  with  scythe  is 
resorted  to,  it  should  not  be  iiractised  later  than  the  early  part 
of  August,  or,  rather,  be  done  by  that  time. 
PLANTING  YOUNG  VINES  (R.  A.  C.).— The  procedure  you 
propose  adopting  apiiears  likely  to  succeed,  only  you  may  have 
too  many  “  irons  in  the  fire,”  or  be  too  grasping  and  spoil  the 
whole  thing.  The  Vines  in  pots  being  strong  enough,  and 
properly  matured  in  wood  and  buds,  will,  no  doubt,  give  good 
returns  in  1903.  The  Vines  raised  this  year,  and  now  in  7-inch 
pots,  would  be  best  planted  in  October,  or  prefei'ably  in  Sep¬ 
tember,  the  wood  being  sufficiently  matured,  this  being  better 
than  planting  in  January,  as  the  house  is  .started  at  the  begin¬ 
ning  of  February,  As  the  Vines  will  be  at  rest  by  November, 
or  latest,  December,  why  not  prune  to  two  buds,  then,  instead 
of  leaving  for  disbudding,  to  the  two  lowest  buds?  There  is  no 
danger  of  bleeding,  only  dress  the  cuts  with  patent  knotting  or 
best  French  polish.  The  permanent  Vines  will  not  be  ready  for 
planting  until  next  May  or  June  ;  they  being  raised  in  turves, 
and  being  in  good  form  ivill,  ho  doubt,  make  excellent  canes, 
strong  enough  for  cutting  back  to  the  bottom  of  the  rafter  or 
trellis.  In  other  respects  we  see  nothing  to  hinder  your  pro¬ 
posed  plans  answering,  only  that,  as  before  stated,  of  attempting 
too  much  in  the  space. 
