June  5,  1902. 
JOUBI^AL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
■503- 
HOI?TIC'ULTrRAL  DIRECTORY  (F.  P.  Matthews).— We 
have  lianded  your  coniinniiication  to  the  Editor  of  the  Horticul¬ 
tural  Directory. 
WHAT  KIND  OF  ROSE  IS  THE  TRUE  YORK  AND  LAN¬ 
CASTER.®  (S.  S.). — It  is  a  variety  of  the  Damask  Rose  (Ro.'a 
damasceiia),  is  semi-double,  and  is  coloured  red  and  white, 
striped  fashion. 
BOOKS  WANTED  (A.  H.  B.,  Kimberley.  S. A.).— Cousins’ 
“  Chemi.stry  of  the  Garden,”  Is.,  Macmillan  and  Co.,  Limited;  , 
also  “Elementary  Agricultural  Chemistry,”  2s.  tkl.  to  3s.  6d;, 
Longmans  and  Co.,  which  will  supply  you  with  the  information 
you  require,  and  guide  you. 
CHERRY  TREES  GUZvIMED  (J.  P.,  Bristol). — Gumming  is 
caused. either  by  the  roots  penetrating  into  unsuitable  soil,  or  b.y 
an  injury  to  the  bark.  If  it  does  not  arise  from  injury,  you  must 
lift  the  roots  cut  of  the  subsoil  and  replant  them  in  turfy  loam, 
if  it  is  to  be  had.  The  top  .spit  of  some  old  pasture  is  the  best. 
SCHIZANTHUS  WISETONENSIS  (H.  R.,  Kent.).— Schizan- 
thus  wisetonensis  resulted  from  a  careful  selection  extending 
over  a  number  of  years,  from  a  sport  of  S.  pinnatus.  The 
raisers,  Messrs.  Hugh  Low  and  Co.,  have  this  season  the  first 
plant  of  a  white  form,  but  in  obtaining  it  the  plant  has  lost  to 
seme  extent  the  dwarf,  Fern-like  habit  of  the  type.  The  flower, 
however,  is  considerablv  larger  in  size. 
INSECT  IN  RASPBERRY  CANES  (J.  Coles).— Tiie  red  grubs 
are  the  larvae  of  a  very  small  moth  called  the  Raspberry-bud  moth. 
The  egg  is  laid  by  a  moth  in  a  bud,  and  the  grub  from  the  egg  eats 
its  v;ay  into  the  cane.  Entomologists  now  call  the  moth  Lam- 
pronia  rubiella,  Linnaeus  called  it  Tinea  corticella.  We  know  of 
no  mode  of  prevention  except  cutting  off  and  burning  all  the 
parts  of  the  cane  which  give  evidence  of  having  grubs  within 
them. 
CROSS  FERTILISING  CARNATIONS  (D.  A.).— We  may  be 
able  to  explain  this  better  at  a  later  date  by  means  of  illustra¬ 
tions.  The  stigmas,  or  female  organs,  appear  when  the  flowers 
are  pretty  well  expanded.  They  are  long,  pale  puiqrle  or  white, 
and  finely  serrated  at  the  outer  edge,  and  appear  towards  the 
centre  of  the  flower.  The  anthers  containing  the  pollen  is  ripe 
earlier  than  the  stigma,  and  requii’e  to  be  removed  to  prevent 
self-fertilisation.  In  crossing,  it  is  therefore  necessary  to  take 
the  pollen  from  one  flower  and  apply  it  to  the  stigma  of  another 
flower,  and  to  cover  up  the  fertilised  flower  with  a  small  muslin 
bag.  The  air  should  be  dry  at  the  time,  and  the  plants  should 
be  “hard”  grown,  though  not  starved. 
BLIGHT  OF  JARGONELLE  PEAR  TREE  (R.  C.  B.).— The 
small  reddish  spots  upon  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaves  and  on 
the  ycung  wood  are  caused  by  the  Pear-leaf  mite,  Phytoptus 
pyri.  The  disease  appears  on  the  Pear  leaves  before  they  are 
fully  expanded  Horn  the  bud  in  the  spring,  in  the  form  of  red  blister¬ 
like  spots  |in  or  more  in  diameter.  During  this  red  stage  of  the 
disease  the  spots  are  more  conspicuous-  on  the  upper  surface  of 
the  leaves.  About  June  1  the  spots  gradually  change  to  a  green 
colour,  hardly  distinguishable  from  the  unaffected  portions  of  the 
leaf.  This  change- takes  place  on  the  lower  side  of  the  leaves 
first,  and  the  spots  may  thus  be  red  above  and  green  below.  This 
green  stage  lasts  about  a  week  or  ten  days,  and  about  the  middle 
of  June  the  leaves  begin  to  change  to  a  dark  brown’  colour.  The 
tissue  of  the  diseased  pai'ts  or  spots  then  presents  a  dead,  dry, 
brown  or  black  cork.y  appearance.  The  spots  occur  either  singly, 
scattered  ever  the  surface  of  the  leaves,  or  often  coalesce,  form¬ 
ing  large  blotches,  which  sometimes  involve  a  large  portion  of 
the  leaf,  and  infected  leaves  remain  unchanged  until  they  fall  in 
the  autumn.  The  exceedingly  minute  eggs,  oval  and  greyish,  of 
the  female  mites,  are  laid  in  the  spring  within  the  galls  that  the.y 
have  formed,  and  here  the  young  are  hatched.  The  young  mites 
in  due  course  escape  through  the  opening  in  the  gall,  and  seeking 
the  healthy  part  of  a  leaf,  or  more  often  crawling  to  the  tenderer 
leaves  of  the  new  growth,  they  work  their  Avay  into  the  tissue, 
and  new  galls  are  thus  started.  In  this  manner  the  galls  on  a 
tree  are  often  rapidly  multiplied  during  the  summer.  The  mites 
live  within  the  galls,  feeding  upon  the  plant  cells,  until  the  drying 
of  the  leaves  in  the  autumn.  They  then  leave  the  galls  through 
the  openings,  and  migrate  to  the  winter  buds,  and  here  they 
remain  during  the  winter  beneath  the  outer  scales  of  the  buds. 
In  the  matter  of  remedy  the  mite  is  difficult  to  fight,  for  so  long 
as  it  remains  in  the  tissues  of  the  leaves  it  is  beyond  the  reach 
of  insecticides  to  a  great  extent.  The  removal  of  the  young 
growths  by  the  summer  pruning  will  check  the  pest  to  a  con¬ 
siderable  extent,  and  spraying  or  syringing  vdth  petroleum  soft- 
soap,  2oz  to  a  gallon  of  water,  directing  the  solution  upwards  so 
as  to  thoroughly  wet  the  under  side  of  the  leaves,  and  repeating 
occasionally,  has  a  good  effect.  It  has  been  demonstrated  that 
the  pest  may  be  successfully  kept  in  check  by  a  single  spraying  in 
winter  with  paraflSn  oil  emulsion  diluted  with  seven  parts  of  water. 
The  tree  or  trees  should  be  thoroughly  treated  and  whilst  quite 
dormant. 
NAMES  OF  PLANTS. — Correspondents  whose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  present  issue  are  respectjxilly  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (B.  L.,  Somerset,  West). — 1.  Oniithogalum  umbel- 
latnm  ;  2,  Museari  eomosum  ;  3,  Anthyllis  montana  ;  4.  Plilox  subnlata  ; 
5.  Helianthomum  vulgare  inntabilc  roseuni ;  6.  Centrantlms  albm  ;  7, 
Erigeron  philadelphicus,  ( f.  S..  Kelso). — We  find  your  nun)l)ers  to  run 
from  7  to  10  ;  was  this  intended  ?  7,  Pulmonaria  oHieinalis,  also  called 
P.  saceharata :  8,  Saxifraga  Wallacei ;  9,  CTaytonia  siborioa :  10, 
Saxifraga  crespitosa.  (E.  E.). — 1.  unrecognised;  2,  Pellca  cordata 
flexuosa :  3,  PhyUoeaetus  variety.  (J.  H.  Wax’d). — The  flowering  spray 
was  greatly  withered  ;  it  was  very  probably  Halesia  tortaptera,  tlie 
Snowdrop  Tree.  (.).  W.).  -  Ribes  sanguineum.  (A.  W.). — 1.  Typha 
angustifolia  •,  2,  Typha  latifolia  :  3,  Scirjxus  laeustris,  the  Bullrush  :  4, 
Saxifraga  eaespitosa  ;  5.  Piivllostachys  henonis.  (i\.  Matthews). — 
Polygonum  arvensis.  (B.  K.  L.). — V'arieties  of  Pansies  we  cannot 
undertake  to  name.  (Henry  R.). — 1,  Ranuncxxlus  aquatilis  ;  2.  Galium 
Aparinum ;  3,  Geum  montanum ;  4.  Stellaria  Holostea;  5,  Berberis 
Darwini ;  6.  Berberis  stenophylla. 
Coient  Garden  Market. —  June  4th. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Fruit. 
s.  d.  s.  d  ,  s.  d.  s.  d 
11  0tol5  0  Grapes,  Hamburgh,  lb.  3  0to4  0 
Apples,  Tasmanian 
Ajiricots,  boxes  ... 
Bananas . 
Cherries,  boxes  ... 
Lemons,  Messina,  case  10  0  12  0 
10  13  ,,  Muscat 
8  0  12  0  ,  Oranges,  case  . 
13  1  6  i  Pines,  St.  Michael’s, 
each . 
5  0  6  0 
10  0  25  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Vegetables 
d.  s.  d 
0  to  3  0 
Artichokes,  green,  doz.  2 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve  16  0  0 
Asparagus,  Englis-h,  100  13  16 
Batavia,  doz .  2  0  0  0 
Beans,  French,  lb.  ...  10  13 
Beet,  red,  doz .  0  6  0  0 
Cabbages,  tally  .  3  0  5  0 
Carrots,  new,  bun.  ...  0  8  10 
Cauliflowers,  doz.  ...  2  0  3  0 
Corn  Salad,  strike  ...  10  13 
Cucumbers  doz .  16  2  6 
Endive,  doz .  16  0  0 
Herbs,  bunch  .  0  2  0  0 
Horseradish,  bunch  ...  1  6  0  0 
Leeks,  bunch  .  0  1^  0  2 
Lettuce,  Cabbage,  doz.  0  6  10 
Lettuce,  Cos,  doz. 
Mint,  doz.  bun . 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb. 
Mustard  &  Cress,  punt. 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
Potatoes,  English,  cwt. 
,,  Jersey,  hew,  cwt. 
Radishes,  doz . 
Seakale  . 
Spinach,  bush . 
Tomatoes,  Canary 
consignment... 
,,  English,  lb.  ... 
Turnips,  bnch . 
Watercress,  doz . 
2  6 
5  0 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
1  6  to  2  0 
4  0 
6  0 
0  8 
0  9 
0  2 
0  0 
3  0 
4  0 
3  0 
4  0 
10  0 
0  0 
0  9 
1  0 
1  0 
1  3 
3  0 
4  0 
4  0 
4  6 
0  6 
0  8 
0  6 
0  8 
0  6 
0  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Plants  in  Pots. 
Most  of  the  undermentioned  plants  are  sold  in  48  and  32- 
iralias,  doz . 
iraucaria,  doz . 
ispidistra,  doz . 
Jrotons,  doz . 
Jyperus  alternifolius 
doz . 
Dracjena,  vai-.,  doz.  ... 
,,  viridis,  doz. . 
Erica  Cavendishii 
,,  Persoluta  . 
)!  I  J  -  - 
ferns,  var.,  doz . 
,,  small,  100 . 
ficus  elastica,  doz.  ... 
foliage  plants,  var,  each 
fl^chsias . 
s.  d. 
s. 
d 
5  0tol2  0 
12  0 
30 
0 
18  0 
36 
0 
18  0 
30 
0 
4  0 
5 
0 
12  0 
30 
0 
9  0 
18 
0 
21  0 
48 
0 
18  0 
21 
0 
18  0 
21 
0 
18  0 
21 
0 
4  0 
18 
0 
10  0 
16 
0 
9  0 
12 
0 
1  0 
5 
0 
6  0 
8 
0 
Geraniums,  dble.,  doz. 
Grevilleas,  48’s,  doz.  ... 
Heliotropes  . 
Hydrangea  Thos.  Hogg 
,,  pink . 
Lycopodiums,  doz.  ... 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz. 
Mignonette  . .  ... 
Myrtles,  doz . 
Palms,  in  var.,  doz.  ... 
,,  specimens 
Pandanus  Yeitchi,  48’s, 
doz . 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  ... 
Shrubs,  in  pots  . 
Spira?a  japonica,  48’s, 
doz . 
sized  pots 
s.  d.  s.  ^ 
4  0  to  6  0 
5  0 
6  0 
10  0 
10  0 
3  0 
8  0 
6  0 
6  0 
15  0 
21  0 
24  0 
8  0 
4  0 
8° 
8  0 
12  0 
12  0 
0  0 
10  0 
8  0 
9  6 
30  0 
63  0 
30  0 
10  0 
6  0 
6  0  8  0 
irums,  doz . 
isparagus.  Fern,  bnch. 
5ouvardia,  coloured, 
doz.  bunches  . 
)arnations,  12  blooms 
lattleyas,  doz . 
Jornflower,  doz.  bun. 
Iroton  foliage,  bun.  ... 
lycas leaves,  each 
lypripediums,  doz.  ... 
fucharis,  doz . 
lardenias,  doz . 
leranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnchs . 
iladiolus,  white,  doz. 
bunches  . 
lypsophila,  doz.  bun. 
ris,  Spanish,  doz.  bun. 
yj  leaves,  doz.  bun. ... 
jilac,  French,  white, 
bunch  . 
liilium  Harrisi  . 
,,  lancifolium  alb. 
,,  1.  rub  rum . 
,,  longiflorum  ... 
Lily  of  Valley,  12  bnchs 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Cut  flowers 
s.  d.  s.  d 
4  0  to  5  0 
10  2  0 
8  0 
6  0 
6  0 
1  6 
3  6 
2  0 
2  0 
2  0 
3  0 
12  0 
12 
8 
9 
.0 
0 
3 
2 
2 
4 
18 
S.  d.  s.  d 
4  0  to  5  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  O’ 
0  0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
bnchs .  ••• 
Marguerites,  white, 
6  0  8  0  doz.  bnchs .  4  0 
10  13  ,,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs.  2  0 
8  0  12  0  Myrtle,  English,  per 
10  16  bunch  .  0  6 
0  9  10  Narcissus  Poeticus,doz  1  6 
0  9  16  ,,  double  white, 
2  0  3  0  doz.  bunches  1  6 
0  0  3  0  Odontoglossums .  4  0 
2  0  2  6  Grange  blossom,  bunch  2  0 
Roses,  Niphetos,  white, 
4  0  6  0  doz . 
,,  pink,  doz . 
0  ,,  yellow, doz. (Perles) 
0  ,,  Mardchal  Niels  ... 
0  ,,  Generals . 
0  Smilax,  bunch  . 
j  Stephanotis,  doz.  pips 
!  Stock,  double,  white, 
doz.  bun .  2  0  2  6 
Sweet  Peas,  white  and 
coloured,  dozen  bun.  6  0 
'  Tuberoses,  dozen .  0  3 
1  AVftllflowers.  doz.  bun  2  0 
8  0 
0  4 
3  0 
