22 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
July  4,  1901. 
All  animals  love  company,  and  il  someone  stays  with  it  for  an  hour 
or  two,  and  talks  to  and  pets  it,  matters  will  soon  assume  a  settled 
appearance.  The  separation  should  be  thorough,  and  so  that  dam  and 
offspring  can  neither  see  nor  hear  each  other.  The  mare,  if  she  be  full 
of  milk,  must  be  dieted  for  a  few  days,  allowed  no  corn  and  not  too 
much  liquid,  and  gentle  work  is  a  capital  thing  to  check  the  flow  of 
milk.  If,  however,  in  spite  of  these  precautions  there  is  difficulty, 
the  udder  must  be  drawn  now  and  then  for  a  few  days  until  the  milk 
shows  signs  of  disappearing.  After  the  foal  is  .weaned  the  state  of  its 
bowels  must  be  closely  watched,  for  the  sudden  change  to  hard  food 
may  cause  slight  derangement  of  the  stomach,  resulting  in  consti¬ 
pation  or  diarrhoea.  Castor  oil  is  a  very  safe  remedy,  and  a  dose  the 
day  after  weaniDg  and  another  a  week  later  may  save  much  trouble. 
Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  and  Adjicent  Parts. 
( Continued  from  page  550,  last  vol.) 
The  labour  question  appears  not  to  be  so  troublesome  here  as  in 
England,  and  the  milking  gets  done  easily.  The  wives  and  daughters 
of  the  men  milk  at  the  rate  of  5s.  per  week,  and  they  are  expected  to 
milk  three  times  a  day.  Shall  we  have  to  import  Scottish  milkmaids 
to  meet  our  difficulty  ?  And  about  the  food  for  this  stock.  Rye 
Grass  and  Timothy,  selling  per  acre  for  £18  to  £20  first  cut,  then 
manured  with  half  a  ton  nitrate,  and  then  second  cut  sold  for  £12. 
That  looks  like  making  money.  But  the  land  round  these  two  cities 
is  among  the  best  in  Scotland. 
Mr.  Lloyd,  the  chemist  to  the  association,  read  a  paper  on  Cheddar 
cheese,  and,  as  far  as  we  can  read  between  lines,  Mr.  Lloyd  thinks  a 
cheesemaker  must  be  born,  not  made  A  cheesemaker  must  have 
skill,  knowledge,  and  research,  and  in  face  of  the  enormous  competition 
with  Canada,  U.S.  America,  and  New  Zealand,  nothing  but  the  very 
bi  st  must  be  made  here.  What  we  want  are  competent  teachers, 
men  who  would  spend  a  portion  of  their  time  in  original  research,  and 
who  would  unravel  the  many  problems  brought  beneath  their  notice 
from  time  to  time. 
Loch  Lomond,  Inversnaid,  the  Trossachs,  Loch  Katrine,  and 
Dalkeith  Palace  were  places  visited,  presumably  as  recreation.  Well, 
after  some  stiff  papers,  some  change  was  desirable.  We  read  ot 
excursions  up  the  Clyde,  visits  paid  to  beautiful  nurseries,  and  we 
know  one  party  of  fortunate  men  who  went  over  that  perfect  home 
farm  at  Dalmeny.  We  think  Lord  Rosebery  bids  fair  to  turn 
Dalmeny  into  a  second,  or  rather  a  Scottish  Rothamstead.  Potato 
culture  is  a  great  industry  of  Scotland,  and  much  time  is  given  at 
Dalmeny  to  experiments  with  this  useful  tuber. 
There  is  in  Edinburgh  a  most  useful  society  called  the 
Edinburgh  and  District  Dairy-keepers’  Association.  They  have  a 
president,  vice,  law  agent,  and  analyst,  and  a  secretary,  and  that 
s  cretary  is  a  lady,  Miss  Ramage.  Her  name  was  on  the  toast  list, 
and,  as  we  should  expect  of  a  lady,  was — well,  we  don’t  want  to 
make  the  gentlemen  uncomfortable,  but  it  will  be  long  before  they 
are  as  concise  and  practical. 
There  was  one  farmer  visited,  Mr.  Fisher  of  Whitehall,  who 
retails  all  his  milk  to  private  customers  at  Is.  4d.  per  gallon. 
Having  much  of  the  Jersey  element  it  is  naturally  rich,  but  (and  this 
is  his  strong  point)  it,  or  rather  all  his  cows,  are  absolutely  tree  from 
any  touch  of  tuberculosis.  Not  one  of  his  cows  but  has  stood  the 
test,  and  as  he  keeps  nothing  but  stock  of  his  own  breeding,  means 
to  preserve  them  in  this  state  of  good  health. 
We  have  only  touched  just  the  very  edge  of  the  topic,  as  it  were. 
It  is  impossible  to  compress  into  a  short  column  the  good  wo  k  done, 
the  good  speeches  made,  and  the  pleasant  friendships  formed  and 
renewed  that  spread  over  a  series  of  five  days.  Tnere  is  some  talk  of 
an  expedition  to  Canada  next  year,  but  Canada  and  next  year  are  a 
long  cry.  We  see  Mr.  Hanbury  has  pubdshed  his  milk  standard. 
We  fancy  some  of  the  members  ot  the  congress  will  not  quite  approve. 
Alas  !  Mr.  Hanbury  is  but  a  mortal  man,  and  no  angel  could  draw  up 
a  proposition  that  would  please  everyone. 
Work  on  He  flome  Farm. 
The  copious  rains  of  the  past  week  give  great  cause  for  thankfulness 
on  the  part  of  the  farming  world.  Here  and  there  a  crop  of  Clover 
may  have  been  spoilt,  but  the  general  benefit  must  be  almost  incalculable. 
The  rain  has  been  followed  by  dull  cloudy  weather,  the  conditions 
gradually  becoming  clearer,  and  to-day  has  been  distinguished  by  bright 
sunshine.  The  most  material  gain  will  be  in  the  crops  of  straw,  the 
Wheat  and  Barley,  which  are  partly  shot,  apparently  make  no  progress; 
but,  as  we  have  noted  before,  it  is  the  straw  whioh  is  lengthening  and 
keeping  pace  with  the  ear.  The  stackyards  should  now  be  fairly  well 
filled  when  the  last  load  has  been  carried.  We  have  seen  some  very 
light  pieces  of  Wheat  lately,  and  there  are  far  too  many  Poppies  and 
similar  weeds  visible  among  the  crops.  Barleys  are  much  more 
satisfactory,  being  very  even  in  growth,  and  of  quite  length  enough  for 
the  production  of  fine  samples.  This  crop  is  decidedly  more  promising 
than  last  year.  Oats  are  improving,  but  shortness  of  straw  will  affect 
the  crop  more  adversely  than  it  will  Barley.  Oats  will  not  bear  even 
a  suspicion  of  drought. 
The  effect  of  moisture  on  the  root  orops  has  been  very  great,  and  we 
fancy  that  little  more  will  be  heard  about  the  fly  for  the  present.  Where 
crops  have  been  spoilt  beyond  redemption  there  is  still  ample  time  for 
resowing.  July  12th  is  a  date  on  whioh  many  a  flue  crop  of  Green 
Globe  has  been  sown.  There  need  be  no  hurry  to  cut  the  hay  yet;  the 
bottom  grass  will  lengthen  much  now,  and  it  is  the  most  valuable  portion 
of  the  crop.  Besides,  all  hands  on  mixed  farms  are  now  urgently  needed 
amongst  the  Turnips.  The  skerries  must  be  kept  at  work  between  the 
rows,  and  the  hoe  will  be  wanted  in  every  field  at  onoe.  To  grow  good 
roots  we  muse  keep  stirring  the  surfaoe  to  give  air  to  the  roots.  The 
horse  hoe  must  be  set  to  run  as  near  to  the  plants  as  is  practicable. 
A  plant  here  and  there  may  suffer,  but  the  remainder  reap  the  benefit, 
and  a  Turnip  whioh  is  easily  knocked  up  is  not  worth  muoh. 
Potatoes  are  making  glorious  progress — i.e.,  the  later  orops.  Early 
ones  have  been  too  dry,  and  are  yielding  badly.  Reports  of  serious 
damage  by  frost  reach  us  from  some  parts;  we  are  thankful  we  have 
escaped. 
- -  <•#.> - 
Plan  to  Feed  England. 
J.  M.  Smart,  who  is  connected  with  the  Southampton  Cold  Storage 
Company,  which  has  recently  erected  a  2  000  000  dols.  plant  at 
Southampton  near  the  docks,  arrived  in  New  York  on  the  American 
liner  St.  Paul  recently.  Mr.  Smart  is  the  president  and  general 
manager  of  the  American  Cold  Storage  and  Shipping  Company,  whose 
offices  are  in  the  Produce  Exchange  Building.  This  oonoern  is  the 
parent  of  the  Southampton  company,  says  the  “  New  York  Times.” 
Besides  the  warehouse  at  Southampton,  the  company  also  has  a 
mammoth  establishment  at  Manchester,  The  Southampton  plant  will 
be  operated  in  oonjunotion  with  the  London  and  South-Western 
Railroad,  which  is  having  constructed  modern  refrigerator  cars  for  the 
service,  which  it  is  expected  will  be  in  working  order  in  a  few  months. 
The  warehouse  in  Manchester  is  run  in  conjunction  with  the  Manchester 
Ship  Canal  Company.  Fourteen  other  warehouses  are  soon  to  be 
opened  in  England.  Each  plant  of  the  system  will  store  goods  worth 
10,000,000  dols.,  so  that  when  all  of  them  are  stocked  they  will  contain 
in  the  aggregate  merchandise  worth  about  160,000,000  dols.  England 
imports  yearly  farm  produots  to  the  value  of  200,000,000  dols.,  which 
mainly  come  from  the  United  States,  Canada,  New  Zealand,  and 
Australia. 
When  seen,  Mr.  Smart  said  that  he  had  been  abroad  about  three 
months  in  connection  with  the  affairs  of  his  company.  He  said  it  was 
about  to  begin  business  on  a  most  extensive  scale,  and  that  it  had 
behind  it  sufficient  capital  to  make  it  a  success.  “  The  feeding  of  the 
people  of  England,”  said  he,  “is  a  vast  undertaking,  beoause  they 
consume  annually  1,000,000,000  dols.  worth  of  foodstuffs,  whioh  have  to 
be  supplied  by  other  countries.  The  supplies  kept  on  hand  would  only 
feed  the  English  people  for  thirty  days,  and  were  her  coast  menaced  by 
a  hostile  fleet,  and  her  712  merchantmen  kept  from  landing  there,  the 
country  could  be  starved  out  in  less  than  five  weeks.  The  English 
people  are  aware  of  this,  and  now  food-carrying  vessels  are  subsidised, 
as  well  as  the  mail  carriers.  This  is  done  by  putting  in  the  mail- 
carrying  contract  a  clause  that  the  boats  must  be  provided  with  certaia 
dimensions  of  food  and  cargo-oarrying  space.  The  United  States  should 
naturally  be  the  feeder  of  England,  and  the  American  Cold  Storage  and 
Shipping  Company  cannot  but  be  successful  when  it  removes  the 
disadvantages  whioh  at  present  exist. 
“This  we  intend  to  do  by  running  from  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
and  other  Atlantio  ports  our  own  lines  of  steamships,  all  of  whioh  will 
be  provided  with  the  best  of  cold-storage  facilities.  Dairy  food  supplies 
which  we  intend  to  handle  will  then  reach  the  English  markets  in  first- 
class  condition,  and  on  aooount  of  the  cheapness  in  transportation  and 
handling  we  will  be  able  to  undersell  our  rivals,  and  at  the  same  time 
furnish  a  better  article.  We  can  also  keep  on  hand  enough  dairy  or 
farm  products  to  last  at  least  six  months  in  case  of  necessity.  We  will 
at  first  only  handle  supplies  of  that  sort  of  whioh  England  imports 
200,000,000  dols.  worth  annually.  That  will  be  a  big  trade  in  itself, 
and  of  course  the  market  will  increase  as  our  facilities  will  be  enlarged. 
We  will  have  two  centres  of  distribution — one  at  Southampton,  which 
will  supply  London  and  the  south  of  England,  and  the  other  at 
Manchester,  which  will  cover  the  entire  north  of  England.  As  the 
terminal  facilities  will  be  perfect,  the  other  sections  of  England  will  be 
supplied  by  the  railroads  by  means  of  refrigerator  cars  from  our  other 
cold-storage  plants. 
“  Our  shipments  will  be  enormous,  and  will  be  direct  in  reaching 
the  consumer.  Produots  such  as  fruits,  fowls,  butter,  cheese  and  eggs, 
are  to-day  about  700,000,000  dols.  worth,  and  there  is  no  reason  why 
this  cannot  be  increased  a  couple  of  hundred  million  dollars  more  when 
we  are  able  to  sell  these  things  in  England  in  the  same  condition  as  sold 
in  the  home  markets.  Argentina  simply  sells  lean  sheep  to  the  people 
of  the  north  of  England,  but  this  sort  of  mutton  cannot  be  disposed  of 
in  London,  where  fat  mutton  is  in  demand.  The  English  peojle  were 
alarmed  when  they  learned  of  the  Morgan  deal  in  sbios,  which  as  yet 
they  are  unable  to  undei  stand.  Our  company  is  a  New  York  corporation, 
and  the  whole  scheme  is  an  American  one.” 
