July  25,  I  Hoi. 
JOURNAL  CF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
waB  awarded  to  Mr.  Walter  L.  PattisoD,  Shrewsbury,  for  Pansies  and 
Viola  blooms. 
In  the  open  classes  for  plants,  in  class  1,  Mr.  W.  J.  Buckley  of 
Llanelly  beat  Mr.  J.  Lynn  Thomas,  Cardiff.  For  four  distinct  stove  or 
greenhouse  plants  in  bloom  Mr.  J.  Cypher  from  Cheltenham  was 
foremost,  and  Mr.  Buckley  second.  The  same  competitors  were  so 
placed  for  a  group  of  plants  covering  150  superficial  feet.  Mr.  A. 
Henderson  led  for  twelve  table  decorative  plants.  Roses  were  good  on 
the  whole,  though  greatly  tried  by  the  heat  and  prolonged  drought. 
Most  of  the  leading  western  growers,  including  Messrs.  D.  Prior  &  Sons 
from  Colchester,  competed.  Messrs.  S.  Treseder  were  second  for  a  dozen 
Teas,  also  for  twelve  of  any  one  variety,  and  in  some  other  entries. 
Mr.  Ralph  Crossling  obtained  the  Royal  Horticultnral  Society’s  silver 
medal  for  the  best  exhibit  out  of  seven  Rose  classes.  For  a  collection 
of  hardy  flowers,  in  varieties,  12  feet  by  3  feet,  Mr.  W.  Treseder  was 
first;  Messrs.  Isaac  House  &  Son  second;  and  third  Messrs.  W.  J. 
Hokes  &  Son,  Trowbridge.  Messrs.  I.  House  &  Son  came  off  with 
first  honours  for  eighteen  distinot  varieties  of  Sweet  Peas  in  vases. 
In  division  D,  for  fruit,  class  54,  Sir  T.  Morel,  Penarth,  led  for 
two  bunches  of  any  black  Grape;  Mr.  T.  Mansel  Franklin,  Cowbridge, 
followed.  Mr.  E.  H.  Ebsworth  won  for  two  bunches  of  white  Grapes, 
and  Mr.  Franklin  was  again  foremost  for  a  specimen  bunch  of  any 
black,  and  Mr.  S.  Dean  for  any  white.  Mr.  A.  Pettigrew  easily  held 
first  place  for  a  white-fleshed  Melon,  and  Mr.  Buckley  for  the  scarlet- 
fleshed.  For  six  dishes  of  dessert  fruits,  one  variety  of  Grapes  only, 
and  Pine  excluded,  Mr.  A.  Henderson  was  first,  and  Mr.  James  Lloyd 
seoond. 
For  a  collection  of  nine  distinct  kinds  of  vegetables,  Lady  Guest’s 
redoubtable  gardener  here  led,  winning  also  an  R.H.S.  bronze  medal ; 
Mr.  A.  Henderson  was  second.  The  horticultural  trade  was  represented 
by  exhibits  from  all  parts  of  the  country. 
Durham,  Northumberland,  and  Newcastle  Horticultural  and 
Botanical,  July  23rd. 
This  society  held  the  seventy -seventh  annual  summer  show  in  the 
Leazes  Park,  Newcastle,  on  the  23rd  and  24th  July.  The  entries  for 
this  year’s  show  have  been  more  numerous  than  in  the  last  few  years, 
the  Roses  forming  a  special  feature  ;  herbaceous  cut  blooms  were  also 
superb.  Stove  and  greenhouse  plants  were  better  shown  than  they 
have  been  for  many  years.  The  non-competitive  section  was  also  well 
represented. 
Open  Division. — Group  of  miscellaneous  plants,  Mr.  H.  H.  Hillier 
was  first,  and  Mr.  F.  Edmondson  second.  For  six  plants  in  bloom, 
Messrs.  Jos.  Ellison,  S.  Bewick,  G.  W.  Pinkney,  were  placed  in  this 
order.  For  three  Orchids,  distinct,  Mr.  E.  Hopper  led  ;  followed  by 
Mr.  S.  Bewick ;  and  third  Mr.  J.  Mclndoe.  Mr.  S.  Bewick  again  won 
for  six  Gloxinias;  Mr.  J.  Harris  coming  second,  and  Mr.  G.  W.  Pinkney 
third.  For  three  Dracaenas,  Mr.  R.  Arthur  first,  and  Mr.  F. 
Edmondson  second  ;  while  for  three  Crotons  Mr.  Arthur  and  Mr.  Harris 
were  first  and  second  respectively.  For  four  single  tuberous  Begonias 
Mr.  J.  Hunter  beat  Mr.  J.  Harris.  Messrs.  Walker  and  H.  H.  Hillier 
were  placed  so  for  six  table  plants.  The  honours  for  cut  Roses 
arranged  for  effect  were  pretty  fairly  divided  amongst  the  leading 
nursery  growers,  including  Mr.  Hugh  Dickson,  Messrs.  D.  &  W.  Croll, 
and  Messrs.  Harkness  &  Sods.  These  secured  the  bulk  of  the  honours. 
As  our  representative  at  the  show,  however,  furnished  no  names  of 
varieties,  and  no  critique  on  their  qualities,  it  would  be  unwarranted  to 
give  mere  lists  of  prizewinners. 
Messrs.  Kerr  Bros.,  Dumfries,  N.B.,  did  well  in  the  hardy  flower 
classes,  winning  quite  a  number  of  prizes.  Amongst  those  who 
displayed  their  prowess  in  floral  decorations,  as  represented  by  bouquets, 
epergnes,  buttonholes,  and  the  like,  were  Messrs.  F.  EdmondsoD,  J.  H. 
Bygate,  M.  Purvis,  G.  Webster,  and  Thomas  Battensby.  In  the  classes 
for  fruit,  such  renowned  northern  growers  and  successful  exhibitors  as 
Mr.  J.  Mclndoe  of  Guisboro’,  Mr.  W.  Nicholls,  Mr.  J.  C.  McPhearson, 
and  others,  met  together  for  the  various  awards.  Mr.  Mclndoe  led  for 
four  bunches  of  Grapes,  but  came  second  or  third  in  a  good  many  other 
olasses.  Mr.  Thomas  Cowperthwaite  was  foremost  for  two  bunches  of 
white  Grapes,  and  for  four  dishes  of  fruit  Mr.  G.  Fullett  led  off.  For 
a  dish  of  Peaches  Mr.  E.  Hopper  came  forth  with  leading  honours. 
The  pick  of  the  prizewinners  in  the  plant  classes  were  Messrs. 
J.  Ellison,  J.  Harris,  S.  Bewick,  J.  Hunter,  W,  Dodds,  and  T.  Wilkinson; 
while  for  Roses  we  may  name  Messrs.  Melville,  Jas.  Gardiner,  jun.,  and 
E.  Taylor.  For  twenty-four  Fancy  Pansies,  in  distinct  varieties,  Mr. 
Melville  beat  Mr.  Peacock,  and  third  Mr.  W.  Dixon. 
- <*•♦> - 
Gardeners’  Provident  and  Charitable  Institutions. 
The  Gardeners’  Royal  Benevolent  Institution.  —  Secretary, 
Mr.  G.  J.  Ingram,  175,  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 
United  Horticultural  Benefit  and  Provident  Society. — Secretary, 
Mr.  W.  Collins,  9,  Martindale  Road,  Balham,  London,  S.W. 
Royal  Gardeners’  Orphan  Fund. — Secretary,  Mr.  Brian  Wynne, 
8,  Danes  Inn,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 
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Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 
Summer  Pruning. — The  majority  of  restricted  fruit  trees,  either  on 
walls  or  in  the  open,  comprising  cordon,  horizontally  trained,  espaliers, 
bush,  and  pyramid  forms,  may  be  dealt  with  now.  The  summer  growths 
have  extended  to  their  full  length  in  most  oases,  hence  there  will  not  be 
so  much  probability  of  secondary  growth  occurring,  which,  however,  is 
no  detriment,  unless  the  summer  pruning  is  carried  out  so  closely  as  to 
cause  the  basal  buds  to  start  into  growth.  These  are  mainly  depended 
upon  to  furnish  the  fruit  buds  the  next  season,  therefore  it  is  very 
important  that  they  be  kept  dormant  in  so  far  as  making  or  pushing 
fresh  growth  is  concerned.  They  require  now  to  be  actively  engaged 
in  receiving  nutriment  and  storing  it  up  in  the  buds.  This  is  best 
effected  by  the  prooess  of  summer  pruning  as  regards  all  restricted 
trees,  those  for  instance  oonfined  to  a  definite  number  of  main 
branches  which  are  furnished  with  spur  growths,  from  which  emanate 
yearly  both  fruit  and  wood  growth.  The  annual  vigour  of  the  trees 
causes  the  wood  growths  to  extend  unduly,  whereby,  if  allowed  to 
continue,  is  a  waste  of  force,  because  the  parts  which  extend  beyond  a 
few  buds  at  the  base  must  in  these  forms  of  trees  be  eventually  cub 
away  at  the  winter  pruning.  By  practising  summer  pruning  this  is 
avoided,  and  the  force,  instead  of  being  wasted,  is  concentrated  or 
distributed  over  a  lesser  number.  Nutrient  matter  is  thus  stored  in 
the  basal  buds,  whioh  thus  assume  a  fruitful  character. 
How  to  Summer  Prune. — Freer  growth  is  usually  allowed  stone  fruits 
than  Apples  and  Pears.  In  the  case  of  Apricots  the  summer  pruning 
consists  of  laying  in  a  fair  number  of  summer  shoots,  selecting  those 
well  placed  and  which  can  take  the  place  of  the  growth  now  bearing 
fruit.  The  rest  of  the  shoots  must  either  be  pruned  away  entirely  or 
shortened.  Apricot  shoots  may  be  pruned  to  three  good  leaves.  Peaches 
a'  d  Nectarines  are  similarly  treated  as  regards  laying  in  growths,  as 
they  bear  well  on  such  when  well  ripened.  Rstaiuing  a  number  of 
others,  and  shortening  them  back  to  form  spur  growths,  need  not, 
however,  be  practised  so  closely  as  with  Apricots.  A  few  may  be 
retained.  In  the  case  of  Plums  and  Cherries,  the  shortening  process  to 
form  spur  growths  may  be  more  fr  ely  practised,  pruning  to  three 
good  leaves,  though  it  is  often  desirable  to  fill  up  a  vaoant  space  by 
filling  it  with  a  young  growth,  not  doing  so,  however,  to  crowd  or 
injure  any  part.  Morello  Cherries,  which  bear  mainly  on  young  shoots, 
should  be  treated  like  Peaches  and  Neotarines.  On  all  restricted  trees 
of  Apples  and  Pears,  the  foreright  or  side  shoots  emanating  from  the 
spurs  situated  on  the  principal  branches  ought  now  to  be  shortened 
back  to  four  or  six  leaves.  Wall  or  fence  trained  Gooseberries  and 
Currants  also  require  the  side  growths  pruning  baok,  usually  leaving 
growths  of  a  length  to  include  three  pairs  of  leaves.  Bush  Red  and 
White  Currants  in  the  open  are  managed  in  the  same  way,  Goose¬ 
berries  usually  being  allowed  more  freedom.  Black  Currants  seldom 
need  summer  pruning  except  to  remove  a  few  old  or  crowded  branohes. 
In  the  case  of  standard  and  half-standard  trees  of  all  kinds,  free 
growing  or  open  bush  forms,  the  object  must  always  be  to  prevent 
crowding.  To  effect  this  end,  therefore,  the  removal  of  growths  which 
cause  this  may  be  carried  out  now.  Gross  and  sappy  growths  proceeding 
from  the  main  stems,  and  tending  to  choke  the  centres,  must  all  be 
cleanly  removed  close  to  the  stems  from  whioh  they  spring.  Suckers, 
too,  from  the  base  of  Plum  trees  are  often  so  prominent  now  that  their 
removal  oan  be  readily  effected.  Cut  them  off  as  near  the  roots  as 
possible.  Roughly  chopping  them  off  produces  a  further  troublesome 
crop. 
Outdoor  Vines. — The  growths  on  walls  must  not  be  crowded. 
Laterals  must  be  shortened  baok  to  two  or  three  joints  beyond  the 
bunches  of  fruit.  Complete  the  thinning  of  the  berries,  reducing  the 
number  of  bunches  to  one  on  a  spur  growth.  If  more  than  one  shoot 
is  allowed  to  be  produced  from  the  spurs  one  only  should  produce 
fruit.  Old  and  exhausted  branohes  with  similar  spurs  miy  eventually 
be  replaced  with  younger  wood.  Growths  for  this  purpose  may  be 
selected  now  and  trained  thinly  from  as  near  the  base  as  possible. 
Good  strong  growths  are  the  best.  When  they  have  extended  to  the 
length  of  4  feet  stop  them  at  that  point.  They  will  afterwards  break 
into  fresh  growth  and  extend  further  in  the  course  of  the  season,  but 
the  stopping  serves  to  plump  up  the  growths  and  buds,  and  the  canes 
may  be  pruned  to  4  feet  at  the  winter  pruning.  Vines  on  walls  will  be 
much  benefited  by  syringing  the  growths  in  warm  weather  previous  to 
the  Grapes  colouring,  and  the  roots  must  be  adequately  supplied  with 
moisture,  also  giving  liquid  manure  to  assist  Vines  carrying  a  good 
orop. 
Strawberries. — Thin  out  all  weak  and  useless  runners,  retaining  the 
best  for  layering.  The  plantlets  will  root  freely  now  into  moist  soil, 
holding  them  in  position  with  a  stone  or  peg  them  down.  In  dry 
weather  water  every  day.  As  soon  as  rooting  commences  detach  the 
