182 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
August  22,  190]. 
The  Fruiting  of  Oaks.— In  the  manner  of  fruiting,  Oaks  are 
divided  into  two  sections,  those  that  bear  acorns  on  the  young  shoots 
of  the  same  season,  and  those  that  hear  them  on  the  shoots  of  the 
previous  j  ear’s  growth.  In  the  latter  case  the  aoornB  are  formed  a 
year  in  advance  of  their  starting  to  perfect  themselves,  being  in  an 
embryo  state  for  twelve  months.  In  the  former  class  are  the  white  and 
the  Chestnut  [Oak  and  others,  while  the  latter  is  represented  by  the 
well-known'red  and  the  scarlet  Oak.  These  two,  says  Joseph  MeehaD, 
the  red  and  the  scarlet,  are  very  full  this  season  of  developing  acorns, 
but  have  no  embryo  ones  for  next  year. 
loganberry  Jam. — The  Loganberry  is  the  berry  j oar  excellent 
for  jellies  and  jam  on  account  of  its  tart  qualities.  Its  flavour  in  jam 
is  fine  and  its  cplour  very  bright.  This  is  my  recipe  : — Gather  the 
berries  before  they  turn  dark,  when  they  are  red  ;  crush  them  ;  to  each 
cup  of'crushed  berries  add  one  cup  of  the  best  sugar,  stir  for  some  time 
until  the  sugar  is  all  melted,  set  out  in  a  strong  sun,  if  this  is  possible, 
for  three  hours.  Set  over  a  brisk  fire  and  stir  slowly  and  let  boil  for 
three  or  four  minutes  only,  pour  in  jam  jars  or  jelly  glasses,  if  for 
immediate  use,  and  seal.  If  handled  in  this  way  the  juice  will  be  bright 
and  the[flavour  fine;  long  cooking  turns  the  jam  dark  and  kills  the 
fresh  flavour. 
Water  Elites  a  Neglected  Feature  of  Gardening, — The 
presence  of  small  streams  or  brooks  in  the  grounds  of  suburban 
residences  is  not  uncommon,  yet  attempts  to  make  good  use  of  them  by 
cultivating"  a  few  aquatic  plants,  particularly  those  deliciously  fragrant 
Water', Lilies  so  insistently  sought  in  their  native  haunts,  are  extremely 
few.  These'^hardy  flowers,  says  “  Meehan’s  Monthly,”  are  easily  grown 
and  of^less  care  than  most  garden  flowers  ;  while  the  pleasing  results 
are  in  greater  proportion.  Nymph  sea  odorata  is  the  fragrant  white 
flowered  one'above  referred  to.  N.  lutea  is  a  desirable  yellow  species 
of  similar  type.  Both  are  easily  obtained  and  grown. 
Wistarias  In  Pots. —The  Wistaria  may  be  readily  secured  by 
layering  during  the  early  summer  months,  using  the  runners  which 
the  old  plants  usually  send  out  freely  from  the  base.  After  having 
rooted  they  may  be  tied  up  and  stopped  at  the  height  desired.  That 
winter  [they  must  be  housed  or  at  least  protected  from  hard  freezing. 
They  should  be  planted  out  the  next  spring,  and  restricted  to  from  four  to 
six  breaks  at  the  top,  and  should  be  kept  pinched  back  to  from  four  to  six 
leaves  as  fast  as  they  grow.  They  should  be  potted  after  the  second 
year,  as'they  make  long  roots  in  the  open  ground.  The  second  year 
after  being  potted  the  plants  should  flower.  In  answer  to  the  several 
questions,  the  plants  are  dwarfed  by  pinching  the  young  growth  ;  they 
need  no  greenhouse,  as  they  are  hardy ;  they  need  only  an  ordinary 
potting  soil,  but  rather  more  moisture  and  feeding  than  most  plants 
after  being  established  in  pots.  Wistarias  may  be  kept  in  pots  in  a 
cellar  over.winter,  with  a  temperature  of  from  30°  to  45°,  with  plenty  of 
ventilation  in  suitable  weather.  They  flower  in  the  latter  part  of  May. 
The  McDonald  Berry. — This  most  valuable  new  berry  is  of 
Texas  origin.  It  is  a  tree  Dewberry,  that  is,  it  grows  into  a  powerful 
upright  bush,  very  rigid  and  stout,  and  throws  out  hundreds  of  lateral 
branches  which  hang  and  droop  in  a  most  graceful  manner.  Wherever 
these  branches  touch  the  ground,  they  take  root  and  form  new  plants. 
This  berry  cannot  be  equalled  for  productiveness,  as  a  single  plant 
will  yield  on  an  average  of  20  quarts  of  perfect  fruit  to  a  plant.  Another 
most  wonderful  feature  is  its  extreme  earliness,  as  it  ripens  its  fruit 
a  week  earlier  than  the  earliest  Dewberries.  Its  bright  green  foliage 
is  retained  throughout  the  hottest  weather,  and  in  California  it  is  a 
perpetual  evergreen.  The  berries  are  of  enormous  size,  deliciously 
sweet,  and  highly  flavoured,  in  fact  their  flavour  is  wonderful,  so 
melting,  rioh,  and  sweet,  like  our  best  wild  Blackberries.  It  is  a 
remarkably  vigorous  grower,  and  stands  heat  and  oold  alike.  In  oolour 
it  is  a  sparkling  black.  It  is  a  most  excellent  shipper,  and  will  carry 
in  perfect  condition  hundreds  of  miles.  This  berry  will,  I  think,  after 
its  merits  become  better  known,  be  very  extensively  planted,  as  early 
fruits  are  the  greatest  money  makers. — S.  L.  Watkins  (in  “  American 
Gardening.”) 
Elder  Berries. — The  Elder  has  been  grown  in  Great  Britain  from 
very  ancient  times.  From  the  days  of  Hippocrates  it  has  been  famous 
for  its  medicinal  properties.  Germvn  writers  have  described  it  “  a 
magazine  of  physio.”  In  Germany  it  is  regarded  with  much  respeot. 
The  bruised  leaves  worn  in  the  hat  or  rubbed  on  the  faoe  will  keep 
the  flies  away.  The  juice  of  5  lbs.  of  crushed  berries  simmered  with 
1  lb.  of  white  sugar  is  excellent  for  colds.  One  or  two  tablespoonfuls 
should  be  taken  at  bedtime  in  a  tumbler  of  hot  water.  Old  John 
Evelyn  declares  that  “  if  its  remedies  were  fully  known,  I  cannot  tell 
what  our  countrymen  would  ail.”  Elderberry  cordial  should  be 
procurable  at  most  herbal  stores. 
Double-flowered  Horse  Chestnut. — The  large  growth  of  Horse 
Chestnut  trees,  their  handsome  foliage  and  grand  fljwer  spikes,  place 
them  in  the  forefront  of  desirable  trees  for  planting.  In  early  spring, 
when  the  fresh  foliage  is  well  developed,  there  is  no  more  handsome 
tree.  The  common  European  Horse  Chestnut,  Hippocastanum,  exists 
in  some  double-flowered  forms,  and  these  are  very  handsome  and 
desirable.  As  is  generally  known,  double  flowers  are  more  lasting  than 
single  ones,  probably  because  of  no  fertilisation  taking  place,  owing  to 
lack  of  stamens.  Besides  the  gain  in  the  lasting  of  the  flowers,  the 
panicles  themselves  are  very  pretty.  Nurserymen  list  a  double  white 
and  a  double  red  variety.  To  inorease  these  double-flowered  sorts 
budding  is  usually  resorted  to,  and  in  this  vioinity  the  month  of  July 
finds  the  bark  of  the  stock  in  good  condition  for  the  work.  Another 
one  usually  increased  in  the  same  way  is  H.  rubicunda,  the  red  flowered 
Horse  Chestnut.  This  lovely  sort  oan  be  raised  from  seeds,  but  to  get 
seeds  from  a  tree  of  it  is  quite  uncommon. 
Rambler  Rose  Queen  Alexandra. — One  of  the  gold  medals 
awarded  this  year  by  the  National  Rose  Society  at  its  metropolitan 
exhibition  on  July  4th  was  bestowed  upon  the  new  rambler  Rose,  of 
which  we  furnish  a  much  reduoed  illustration  on  page  183.  This  is  a 
variety  that  has  certainly  “  come  to  stay,”  to  smploy  an  oft-repeated 
expression.  It  was  raised  by  Messrs.  James  Yeitoh  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  from 
a  cross  between  Turner’s  Crimson  Rambler  and  Rosa  multiflora  simplex. 
Both  parents  have  had  impression,  though  the  Crimson  Rambler  habit  is 
strongly  shown  by  the  vigour  of  the  wood  growth  and  the  healthy 
luxuriance  of  the  foliage.  The  flowers  are  rose  pink,  and  for  other 
characters  the  reader  need  only  study  our  figure.  It  will  there  be  seen 
how  profuse  the  massive  pyramidal  clusters  are.  Many  folks  do  not 
wholly  appreciate  the  colour  of  the  flowers  of  Crimson  Rambler,  and 
have  frequently  expressed  an  opinion  that  a  pink  Rambler  would  be 
better.  Now  we  have  it.  There  is  thus  a  crimson  Rambler,  a  pink 
Rambler  (Queen  Alexandra),  a  white  Rambler  (Thalia),  and  a  yellow 
Rambler  (Aglaia).  Some  may  say  that  Euphrosyne  has  prior  claim  to 
be  called  the  “  Pink  Rambler,”  and  indeed  it  has,  but  it  is  not  a 
“  Rambler”  like  the  variety  Queen  Alexandra. 
Xvy-covered  Trees. — In  a  personal  letter  from  a  friend  inquiry 
is  made  as  to  the  wisdom  of  permitting  English  Ivy  to  climb  up  a 
living  tree.  I  have  told  him,  says  Joseph  Meehan,  there  is  nothing 
whatever  against  it  while  the  Ivy  confines  itself  to  the  trunk  and 
main  branohes ;  but  the  vine  must  not  be  permitted  to  overlap  the 
foliage  of  its  supporter.  The  covering  of  the  trunk  is  of  no  injury  at 
all,  but  it  does  not  need  saying  to  the  thoughtful  that  to  smother  up 
foliage  is  to  kill  it.  The  use  of  Ivy  for  the  above  named  purpose  is 
quite  common  in  Europe ;  and  the  grand  old  trees,  with  their  trunks 
heavily  clothed  with  living  green,  adds  oharm  to  their  surroundings. 
Having  in  mind  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia,  the  Ivy  is  quite  hardy. 
In  winters  of  severe  freezing  and  strong  sunlight  the  foliage  will 
“  scorch  ”  when  the  vine  is  on  the  south  side,  but  the  wood  rarely 
suffers.  On  all  other  situations  there  is  no  harm  at  all  experienced. 
Many  of  the  varieties  of  this  Ivy  have  very  pretty  foliage,  some  of  the 
leaves  being  so  finely  divided  as  to  merit  almost  the  name  of  Fern-leaf. 
While  on  the  subject  of  vines  on  trees,  what  a  beautiful  object  an  old 
decaying  tree  becomes  when  a  Virginia  Creeper,  a  Flowering  Grape,  or 
some  similar  vine,  is  permitted  to  clamber  over  it !  In  some  of  our 
public  parks,  as  well  as  in  our  woods,  such  sights  are  to  be  seen,  and 
they  add  a  great  oharm  to  the  surroundings.  The  Virginia  Creeper  is 
particularly  desirable  on  account  of  the  long,  pendent  shoots  it  makes, 
hanging  down  many  feet  from  the  main  body.  Pretty  sight  as  these 
strings  of  foliage  are  in  summer,  their  autumn  brilliancy  of  oolour  far 
surpasses  it.  The  Flowering  Grape  alone  should  be  employed  where  a 
Grape  is  desired.  Then  the  sheet  of  green  whioh  the  foliage  forms,  the 
delicious  odour  and  the  shade  are  all  ours,  without  the  fruit,  whioh  is 
not  desirable  where  ornament  and  beauty  are  alone  our  aim. 
