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JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER, 
December  26,  1901. 
Besides,  it  is  a  much  more  open  grower,  though  when  given 
due  basal  room,  it  “  feathers  ”  well  to  the  ground,  yet  never 
is  as  dense  and  sheltering  as  the  Austrian  Pine,  though 
mostly  keeping  its  head  erect  in  the  bleakest  situations.  It 
has  the  advantage,  however,  of  being  a  valuable  timber  pro¬ 
ducer,  a  matter  worthy  of  consideration  in  many  cases. 
Cluster  Pine  (Pinus  Pinaster), — On  sandy  seaside  tracts 
of  ground  this  Pine  has  acquired  great  repute  for  withstand¬ 
ing  the  sea  breeze.  Nevertheless,  the  better  tree,  both  for 
shelter  and  withstanding  the  sea  breeze,  is  the  form  not 
recognised  by  botanists,  but  by  nurserymen  and  planters,  as 
P.  maritima.  This  variety  retains  the  lower  branches  intact 
far  better  than  the  type,  and  this  is  the  greatest  point  in 
the  matter  of  shelter-giving.  It,  like  the  type,  will  grow  on 
sandy  wastes,  even  thriving  in  pure  sand  apparently,  and 
where  the  roots  come  in  contact  with  the  saline  water.  Of 
all  trees  both  the  species  and  variety  are  the  most  difficult 
to  transplant  on  account  of  the  long  bare  roots.  It  is,  there¬ 
fore,  advisable  to  sow  the  seed  where  the  trees  are  intended 
to  stand — in  deep,  dry  sand — when  they  do  very  well ;  or 
carefully  transplant  the  seedlings  when  a  year  old,  and  only 
allow  to  stand  in  the  nursery  for  another  year,  then  removing 
and  planting  in  their  final  positions. 
Mountain  Pine  (Pinus  Mughus),  syn.  Pumilo. — This 
densely  branched  tree,  or  that  form  of  it  known  as  P.  mon- 
tana,  is  a  densely-branched  subject,  the  unper  branches 
ascending  and  the  lower  ones  decumbent.  It  succeeds  in 
exposed  places,  and  is  useful  for  afforesting  tracts  of  ground 
by  the  seacoast. 
Giant  Arbor  Vitse  (Thuia  gigantea  syn.  Lobbi). — This,  the 
White  Cedar  of  North-West  America,  is  a  fine,  graceful  tree, 
and  succeeds  admirably  on  the  seacoast,  especially  on  the 
western  side  of  the  British  Islands.  It  has  the  properties 
of  transplanting  well,  even  when  of  large  size,  and  is  never 
uprooted  by  the  most  severe  storm. 
Though  not  injured  materially  by  the  saline  spray,  it  is 
not  a  subject  fitted  for  withstanding  the  first  onslaught  of  the 
sea  breeze,  yet  suitable  for  planting  on  exposed  maritime 
ground. 
Large-fruited  Cypress  (Cupressus  macrocarpa). — A  tree  of 
great  beauty  and  quick  growth,  which  succeeds  on  the  east 
coast,  and  it  follows  on  the  southern.  It,  however,  cannot 
be  regarded  as  always  reliable,  and  should  not  be  placed  in 
the  front  rank  on  the  coast  line,  but  kept  somewhat  inland. 
Scots  Fir  (Pinus  sylvestris). — Although  not  suitable  for 
meeting  the  first  brunt  of  the  sea  storm,  this  very  hardy, 
fast-growing  Pine  battles  bravely  with  strong  and  long- 
enduring  storms,  hence  should  have  the  shelter  of  Austrian 
Pine,  when  our  native  Pine  does  remarkably  well  near  by 
the  sea. 
Monterey  Pine  (Pinus  insignis). — The  “  remarkable  ”  Pine 
is  well  suited  for  maritime  planting,  especially  on  the  west 
coast,  but  though  growing  with  unabated  vigour  in  some 
wind:swept  coast  districts,  it  is  uncertain  in  other  localities, 
and  ought  to  be  given  shelter.  Then  it  stands  the  sea 
breeze  in  a  most  surprising  manner,  particularly  on  the 
south  and  south-western  coast. 
Swiss  Stone  Pine  (Pinus  Cembra). — A  slow-growing, 
close,  erect,  symmetrical,  columnar  tree,  which  does  fairly 
well  near  the  sea,  and  splendidly  when  in  the  shelter  of 
Austrian  Pine.  Severe  and  long-lasting  storms  under  that 
condition  have  no  injurious  effect  upon  it,  but  it  cannot 
endure  the  sea  breeze  directly  in  its  face. 
Atlantic  Cedar  (Cedrus  atlantica). — Given  shelter,  and 
not  in  the  full  force  of  the  saline  blast,  this  very  fine  tree, 
closely  allied  to  the  Cedar  of  Lebanon,  also  does  fairly  well 
as  a  seaside  tree.  Similar  remark  applies  to  several  of  the 
Silver  Firs,  but  they  must  be  somewhat  inland,  and  then 
on  suitable  soils  they  are  simply  superb,  particularly  the 
Cephalonian  (Abies  or  Picea  cephalonica),  Silver  Fir  (A.  or 
P.  nobilis),  and  Spanish  Silver  Fir  (A.  or  P.  Pinsapo). 
Of  broad-leaved  evergreen  trees  one  only  is  pre-eminent 
— the 
Evergreen  Oak  (Quercus  Ilex). — For  affording  shelter  in 
exposed  and  maritime  districts  this  low,  or  middle-sized, 
tree  has  peculiar  fitness,  its  densely-branched  habit,  stiff 
growths,  and  furnished  with  these  to  the  ground  when  given 
due  space,  proving  excellent  break-wind.  The  most  that 
force  and  frequency  of  storms  effect  is  browning  of  the  leafage 
more  or  less,  and  with  this  drawback  it  is  otherwise  com¬ 
mendable  as  a  sea-storm  break  where  few  other  trees 
succeed.— G.  Abbey. 
(To  be  continued.) 
A  Yeteran  Exhibitor. 
Among  the  many  exhibitors  at  the  late  Bristol  Show  there 
occurred  one  name  that  has  been  familiar  for  a  great  many  years 
as  a  grower  of  Chrysanthemums,  and  a  successful  exhibitor  at 
the  Bristol  shows.  I  refer  to  Mr.  J.  Baylis,  of  Winterbourne.  I 
could  not  say  how  many  years  he  has  so  successfully  shown  cut 
blooms,  but  I  can  remember  him  at  least  twenty-five  years,  and 
at  the  time  of  my  earliest  acquaintance  of  him  he  was  considered 
a  dangerous  opponent  of  at  least  one  nurseryman  grower  famous 
at  that  time. 
John  Baylis,  a  small  master  quarryman,  had  only  a  very  small 
greenhouse  attached  to  his  residence,  and  it  has  been  a  source 
of  surprise  to  many  that  he  should  have  found  so  much  material, 
and  that,  too,  of  high  quality,  wherewith  to  wrestle  with  gar¬ 
deners  and  nurserymen  possessed  of  better  appointed  structures 
and  convenience.  In  your  report  of  the  show  “  H.  R.  R.”  says 
a  grand  Mrs.  Heale  in  his  stand  was  perhaps  the  most  perfectly 
modelled  flower  in  the  show,  judged  by  the  old  standard  of 
excellence.  Time  and  infirmity  now  lay  a  heavy  hand  on  this 
aged  enthusiast,  but  his  dogged  perseverance  and  love  of  his 
flowers  still  stand  by  him. 
It  was  only  by  the  aid  of  willing  helpers  I  observed  that  he 
was  able  to  arrange  his  exhibits.  The  Colston  Hall,  grand  though 
it  is,  inflicts  great  hardships  on  such  a  one.  John  Baylis  has 
always  been  an  admirer  of  the  true  incurved  flower,  and  time  was 
when  he  grew  no  other;  but  his  later  successes  include  Japanese 
varieties.  His  win  with  his  stand  of  twelve  must  have  justly 
raised  a  proud  thought  and  a  bright  reflection  of  the  many  battles 
he  has  engaged  in  not  only  in  Bristol,  but  elsewhere,  at  the 
November  Chrysanthemum  shows. — W.  R.  A. 
Abbreviated  and  Badly  Spelt  Names. 
At  some  of  the  recent  Chrysanthemum  shows  much  fault  may 
have  been  found  in  the  spelling  of  names  of  the  flowers  staged, 
and  in  some  instances  even  there  were  no  names  at  all  given. 
At  one  foremost  provincial  show  it  is  said  that  one  of  the  judges, 
to  mark  his  sense  of  the  injustice  of  the  practice,  would  have 
instantly  disqualified  the  offending  exhibits  but  for  his  colleague, 
who  petitioned  for  a  little  leniency.  One  exhibitor  was  a  winner 
of  an  important  prize,  and,  in  abbreviating  his  names,  ran  a 
serious  risk  of  losing  it.  As  a  rule,  societies  protect  themselves 
from  this  offenoe  by  a  clause  in  their  rules,  and  judges  certainly 
will,  if  the  practice  continues,  make  examples  of  those  growers 
who  wilfully  attempt  to  mislead  the  public  by  so  doing.  There 
were,'  in  the  cases  under  notice,  an  apparent  wilful  attempt  to 
violate  the  bye-laws  of  the  exhibition,  because  it  is  known  that 
those  responsible  are  not  of  such  an  ignorant  class  that  they 
oould  not  give  a  correct  rendering  of  the  names. 
Exhibitions  ought  to  be  carried  on  as  a  means  of  enlighten¬ 
ment  to  the  patrons  who  visit  them,  and  there  are  many,  gar¬ 
deners  included,  wdio  depend  on  the  “  show  board  ”  as  a  means 
of  help  in  selecting  sorts  for  future  use.  The  aim  of  all  exhibitors 
is  to  keep  up  to  date  as  far  as  their  means  will  allow  them,  and 
it  cannot,  I  think,  be  regarded  as  anything  less  than  mean  for 
exhibitors,  and  especially  successful  ones,  to  make  their  aim 
one  to  mislead  others. 
A  collection  of  unnamed  blooms,  no  matter  what  their  quality 
may  be,  are  absolutely  bereft  of  their  value  and  interest  to  a 
show,  and  those  suffering  under  bane  of  misspelt  and  abbreviated 
names  are  not  much  better  placed.  An  honest  exhibitor’s  aim 
should  be  to  endeavour  to  help  others  by  giving  the  proper  names 
as  far  as  it  lay  in  his  power  to  do  so.  The  judge  who  was  over¬ 
heard  to  take  such  severe  exception  to  the  •badly-named  blooms 
at  one  show  in  question  is  a  specialist  of  much  prominence,  and 
the  probability  is  that  such  offences,  if  repeated,  will  ere  long 
be  made  punishable  by  disqualification,  a  course  that  will  lead 
the  erring  ones  into  better  paths  and  more  honourable  actions. 
Exhibitor. 
[A  most  needful  corrective,  indeed,  is  the  letter  on  the  above 
subject.  All  the  good  nature  and  charity  in  the  world  would 
be  required  to  bear  down  the  sense  of  irritation,  not  to  say  wiath, 
and  depreciation  that  involuntarily  arises  when  one  examines 
ill-spelt  names  of  show  collections  of  Chrysanthemum  floweis, 
and  even  experienced  exhibitors  at  the  greatest  shows  fail  fre¬ 
quently  in  naming  neatly  and  correctly.  If  the  names,  as 
written  by  some  of  the  greatest  prizewinners,  were  printed  in 
the  gardening  journals,  a  feature  of  amusement,  and  calculated 
also  to  afford  astonishment,  would  thus  be  ensured.] 
