Februniy  9,  1809. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
117 
or  the  trees  may  be  sprayed  with  Paris  "reen,  1  oz.  to  20  "aliens  of  water, 
and  the  caterpiUars  eating  the  leaves  coated  with  the  thin  film  will  be 
poisoned  by  repeating  the  spraying  at  intervals  of  a  few  da}  s  if  the  weather 
is  showery. 
Names  of  Frnits.  —  Notice.  —  We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good 
typical  fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of 
regular  subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruit,  and  not  col¬ 
lectors  of  specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is 
wholly  irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow 
themselves  to  be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special 
attention  is  directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is 
to  discourage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Apples  and  Pears 
sent  to  this  office  to  he  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only  specimens  and 
varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior,  which  are  not  worth 
sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses  of  senders  of  fruits  or 
flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed  with  the  specimens, 
whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by  post  or  not.  The 
names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication,  initials  sufficing  for 
that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  an)^  beyond  that 
number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  he  sent  on  the  first  indication  of 
change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot  he  named  in  a  hard  green  state. 
{S.  i>.). — 1,  Court  Pendu  Plat ;  2,  London  Golden  Pippin  ;  3,  doubtful, 
resembles  Lemon  Pippin.  (A.  IP.), — 1,  Bramley’s  Seedling ;  2,  Braddick's 
Nonpareil  ;  3,  Court  of  Wick. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Plowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive  in 
a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in  a 
flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form  the 
best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the  best 
condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh  grass,  as 
to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent  to  rest  in 
the  post  office  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery  of  postal 
matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  arc  invariably 
injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not  more  than 
six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should  be  visible 
without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to  separate  them 
when  the  paper  is  damp.  (i?.  M.'). — 1,  Libonia  floribunda  ;  2,  Chimonan- 
thus  fragrans  ;  3,  Jasminum  nudiflorum.  (P.  P.). —  1,  Scolopendrium 
vulgare  cristatum  ;  2,  Davallia  concinna  ;  3,  Pteris  tremula  variegata  ; 
4,  Davallia  canariensis ;  5,  Polystichum  aculeatnm  ;  6,  Adiantum 
cuneatum.  (P.  S.  D.). — 1,  Acacia  armata ;  2,  Dracaena  indivisa  ;  3, 
Eranthemum  pulchellum.  (X>.  J.  R.). — 1,  Sparmannia  africana  ;  2, 
Linum  flavum  ;  3,  Ceanothus  rigidus  ;  4,  Berberis  Darwini.  (P.  S,  E.). 
— 1,  Cypripedium  villosum  ;  2,  Dendrobium  Wardianum  ;  3,  Cattloya 
Trianse,  poor  form  ;  4,  C.  Trianae,  good  light  variety. 
COVENT  GARDEN  MARKET.— Feb.  8th. 
FRUIT. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Apples,  §  sieve ... 
•  •• 
1  3  to  3  G 
Lemons,  case  . 
30  OtoGO  0 
Cobs  . 
•  •  • 
30  0 
40  0 
St.  Michael’s  Pines,  each 
2  6 
5  0 
Grapes,  lb. 
... 
1  2 
2  0 
VEGETABLES. 
6.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Asparagus,  per  100 
•  •• 
•  •• 
0  0  to  0  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
0  2  to  0  4 
Beans,  i  sieve  ... 
•  •• 
0  0 
0  0 
Onions,  bushel . 
3  6 
4  0 
Beet,  Red,  doz.... 
... 
1  0 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs . 
2  0 
3  0 
Carrots,  bunch  ... 
•  •• 
•  •• 
0  3 
0  4 
Parsnips,  doz . 
1  0 
0  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
•  •• 
... 
2  0 
3  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
2  0 
4  0 
Celery,  bundle  ... 
•  •• 
1  0 
0  0 
Salsafy,  bundle . 
1  0 
0  0 
Coleworts,  doz.  bnchs. 
... 
2  0 
4  0 
Scorzonera,  bundle . 
1  6 
0  0 
Cucumbers . 
•  •  • 
0  4 
0  8 
Seakale,  basket . 
1  6 
1  0 
Endive,  doz. 
•  •• 
... 
1  3 
1  6 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  3 
0  0 
Herbs,  bunch  ... 
•  •  ■ 
0  3 
0  0 
Spinach,  pad  . 
0  0 
0  0 
Leeks,  bunch  ... 
•  •  • 
0  2 
0  0 
Sprouts,  J  sieve  . 
1  6 
1  9 
Lettuce,  doz.  ... 
... 
1  3 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  lb . 
0  4 
0  9 
Mushrooms,  lb.... 
... 
... 
0  6 
0  « 
Turnips,  bunch . 
0  3 
0  4 
AVERAGE  WHOLESALE  PRICES.— CUT  FLOWERS. 
8.  d. 
s. 
d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Arums  . 
3  Oto 
4 
0 
Lilac,  bunch  . 
3  6  to  5  0 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch... 
2  0 
2 
6 
Lilyofthe Valley, 12  sprays 
0  6 
1  3 
Azalea,  white,  doz.  bnchs. 
3  0 
4 
0 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
4  0 
5  0 
Bouvardias,  bunch . 
0  4 
0 
6 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
1  6 
3 
0 
bnchs . 
6  0 
8  0 
Chrysanthemums,  per  bch. 
1  6 
2 
0 
Narcissus,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
1  0 
2  0 
„  specimen 
Orchids,  var.,  doz.  blooms 
1  6 
9  0 
blooms,  per  doz. 
1  6  to  2 
0 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs. 
6  0 
10  0 
Daffodils,  single  yellow. 
Poinsettias,  doz.  blooms... 
0  0 
6  0 
bch.  12  blooms  . 
1  0 
0 
0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
Daffodils,  double,  bunches 
0  6 
0 
9 
,,  Red,  doz. ...  ...  ... 
6  0 
8  0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
2  0 
3 
0 
,,  Tea,  white,  doz. 
2  0 
4  0 
Freesia,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
4 
0 
„  Yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
2  0 
3  0 
Gardenias,  doz . 
6  0 
8 
0 
„  Safrano,  doz . 
1  0 
1  6 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
,,  Pink,  doz . 
0  0 
0  0 
bnchs . 
6  0 
8 
0 
Smilax,  bunch . 
2  6 
3  0 
Hyacinths,  Roman,  bunch 
0  6 
0 
8 
Tulips,  bunch . 
1  0 
1  G 
Lilium  lancifolium,  white 
0  0 
0 
0 
Violets  . 
1  0 
2  6 
„  longiflorum,  12  blooms 
4  0 
G 
0 
„  Parme,  bunch 
2  6 
3  0 
PLANTS 
IN  POTS. 
Arbor  Vitae,  var.,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
s.  d.  8.  d. 
...  G  0to36  0 
Ficus  elastica,  each . 
s.  d.  B.  d. 
1  0  to  7  0 
...  18  0 
3G  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0 
h  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
...  5  0 
10  6 
Lilium  Harris!,  doz. 
24  0 
36  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
...  18  0 
24  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
3  0 
4  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.... 
...  12  0 
30  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  ... 
9  0 
12  0 
Dracaena  viridis,  doz. 
...  9  0 
18  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  0 
9  0 
Erica  various,  doz.  ... 
...  9  0 
24  0 
Palms,  in  var..  each 
1  0 
15  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
...  6  0 
18  0 
„  specimens  . 
21  0 
63  0 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
...  4  0 
18  0 
Pelargoniums,  scarlet,  doz. 
8  0 
12  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz. 
...  4  0 
18  0 
Solanums,  doz . 
6  0 
12  0 
„  small,  100 
...  4  0 
8  0 
FEEDING  CATTLE  FOR  MEAT. 
In  discussing  the  above  subject; in  this  article  we  do  not  propose 
to  include  the  production  of  veal,  for  the  only  way  to  produce  good 
veal  is  in  the  natural  way  with  the  mother’s  milk,  the  calf  being 
slaughtered  at  ten  or  twelve  weeks  old. 
The  economic  production  of  good  beef  is  quite  another  question, 
and  in  view  of  the  severe  competition  from  abroad,  with  the  conse¬ 
quent  low  range  of  beef  prices,  one  very  difficult  of  solution  if  it  is  to 
be  carried  on  at  a  profit.  Every  year  we  find  the  feeders  of  three-year- 
old  bullocks  complaining  of  the  lack  of  profit,  and  vowing  that  they 
will  in  future  sell  off  their  cattle  at  an  earlier  age  ;  but  although  the 
proportion  of  well-matured  beasts  is  gradually’  dwindling,  there  are 
still  more  than  enough  to  supply  existing  demands.  The  root  of  the 
difficulty  lies  in  the  fact  that  foreign  beef  sells  at  a  lower  price  than 
English,  and  the  English  farmer  must  either  improve  his  quality  or 
submit  to  reduction  in  price. 
The  consumer  asks  for  small  joints  with  plenty  of  lean  meat  in 
proportion  to  the  bone  and  fat.  Now,  the  highly  forcing  process,  so 
much  advocated,  of  keeping  young  cattle  in  a  fat  condition  from  birth, 
never  losing  the  calf-flesh,  and  coming  to  the  butcher’s  knife  at  eighteen 
or  twenty  months  old,  has  the  advantage  of  providing  the  small  joints ; 
but  the  animals  must  be  very  carefully  bred  with  a  view  to  such  a 
system,  or  the  lean  meat  will  not  be  present  in  the  proportion  required. 
The  Shorthorn-Aberdeen  Angus  cross  is  the  best  animal  for  the  above 
purpose. 
But  is  it  absolutely  necessary  to  keep  calves  sucking  until  they  are 
nine  months  old  cr  more  ?  for  such  has  been  the  usual  practice  in 
forcing  young  beef.  In  the  ll.A.S.  Journal  for  September,  1895,  there 
•  is  a  short  note  by  Sir  John  Thorold  on  the  use  of  meatmeal  for 
calves  fed  with  the  bucket.  This  meatmeal  is  the  residue  from  the 
manufacture  of  Liebig’s  or  Brand’s  extract,  and  is  sent  dried  and 
ground  from  South  America,  the  cost  being  £7  10s.  per  ton.  It 
contains  16  per  cent,  of  fat,  72  per  cent,  of  nitrogenous  matter,  and 
phosphoric  acid  equal  to  1‘38  of  phosphate  of  lime.  Sir  John  scalded 
the  meal  and  added  it  to  the  warm  skim  milk  in  the  proportion  of  1  oz. 
to  1  pint,  and  found  that  calves  fed  on  it  did  better  than  those  fed  on 
skim  milk  and  linseed  porridge.  A  Frenchman,  M.  Gouin,  had  found 
this  meatmeal  the  most  successful  substitute  for  the  cream  of  the 
milk,  and  attributed  its  good  qualities  to  the  presence  of  phosphoric 
acid  in  a  readily  assimilable  form. 
It  was  found,  however,  that  calves  fed  on  this  material  did  not 
make  good  veal,  the  meat  being  dark  in  colour,  so  it  should  only  be 
used  for  store  animals.  Sir  John  Thorold  found  it  useful  for  reared 
calves,  giving  it  dry  mixed  with  meal. 
The  successful  use  of  meatmeal  for  calves  is  a  strong  argument  in 
favour  of  the  use  of  highly  nitrogenous  foods  for  young  animals,  a 
point  on  which  most  authorities  are  agreed. 
If  we  are  to  have  a  well-grown,  well-fleshed,  fat  bullock  at  two 
years  old,  we  must  see  that  [the  calf  forjthe  first  twelve  months  has 
