0  is  usc-d  for  caterpillars  and  other  cliewin" 
n  equal  part  of  lime  should  be  added  to 
1  acid  which  mav  exist  in  the  Paris  preen ; 
:o  40  pallons  of  water.  The  pumps  are 
I  casks  holding  40  gallons,  and  are  drawn 
i  on  a  low  waggon  with  a  cranked  axle, 
the  Bordeaux  mixture  is  to  take  a  40  gallon 
suspend  in  it  40  lbs.  sulphate  of  copper  m  a 
the  solution  a  strength  of  1  lb.  to  1  gallon, 
le  lime,  which  is  slaked  and  kept  covered 
1,  the  barrel  to  which  the  pump  is  fixed 
4  gallons  of  sulphate  of  copper  solution 
t  of  about  4  lbs.  lime  is  stirred  up  and 
wire  strainer  at  the  bottom  of  a  funnel. 
I  is  stirred  and  then  tested  to  see  whether 
i.  For  this  purpose  a  solution  of  ferro- 
n  1  pint  water,  is  used.  A  cupful  of  the 
larrel,  to  this  a  few  drops  of  forroc^  anide 
ns  it  black  more  lime  should  be  added, 
leut  lime  is  present. 
le  tries  how  many  spoonfuls  there  are  in 
this  quantity,  placing  it  in  a  cup,  add 
and  then  add  to  the  barrel  of  spraying 
sed  without  Bordeaux  mixture  an  equal 
ded.  Wooden  or  copper  vessels,  not  iron, 
nixture.  I  need  hardly  remark  that  for 
r  his  best  clothes  and  hat. 
pumps  I  saw  in  Canada  were  the  Pomona, 
cturing  Co.,  Seneca  Falls,  New  York,  and 
lorley,  Benton  Harbour,  Michigan,  U.S. A. 
3S  working  parts,  about  10  feet  of  hose, 
about  8  feet  long,  usually  employing  a 
have  procured  one  of  these,  and  have  had 
3  like  a  garden  engine,  and  am  at  present 
rail  be  pleased  to  show  the  apparatus  to 
isonable  questions  in  reference  to  spraying. 
!,  Swanley. 
IN  THE  GARDEN. 
AS  A  Source  of  Plant  Food. 
rent  writers  told  us  that  95  per  cent,  of 
iS  derived  from  the  atmasphere,  and  only 
he  soil.  This  is  correct,  and  yet  it  is  not 
better  if  they  had  said  that  the  95  per 
r  and  water,  and  that  5  per  cent  represents 
thej'  take  from  the  soil, 
nay  say  that  the  water  comes  from  the 
quite  true  ;  but  did  not  the  5  per  cent,  of 
source  in  the  early  days  of  the  earth’s 
ct  that  the  water  which  falls  as  rain  first 
rms  clouds,  and  then  falls  to  the  earth  to 
the  roots  of  plants  ? 
taught  us  that  the  atmosphere  consisted 
oxygen  gases,  with  a  little  carbonic  acid 
Id  us  that  there  were  other  sulistances, 
1,  ammonia,  and  sulphuric  acid,  but  these 
uantities  as  to  be  of  no  serious  considera- 
s,  however,  during  the  past  four  years 
■iters  of  chemistry  to  revise  their  works 
.tmosphere,  for  he  has  added  to  the  above 
elium.  metargon.  and  neon,  but  whpfber 
carbon.  W  ell,  having  made  this  clear,  if  we  write  t! 
everyone  must  know  that  in  this  there  is  only  one  part 
one  ])art  of  carbon.  This  latter  substance  is  known  b; 
carbon  monoxide.  Our  best  men  in  the  botanical  wori 
they  are  of  opinion  that  when  the  carbon  dioxide  has  ga 
to  the  tissues  of  the  leaves,  under  the  action  of  sunlq 
colouring  matter  the  carbon  dioxide  is  changed  into  car 
In  an  early  article  we  pointed  out  that  water  consist 
'  elements  hydrogen  and  oxygen,  and  was  known  by  the 
Water  enters  into  the  roots  of  plants  and  passes  up  the 
leaves.  Under  the  action  of  sunlight  and  chlorophyll  th 
broken  up.  'I’he  hydrogen  being  separated  from  the 
with  the  carbon  monoxide,  and  the  first  organic  siibstai 
This  chemical  compound  is  known  by  the  name  of  for 
and  lormula  CH,,0. 
Looking  backwards,  again,  we  may  see  that  during 
of  this  body  one  part  of  oxygen  was  separated  from  the  i 
during  its  conversion  into  carbon  menoxide,  and  the  one 
was  also  separated  from  the  hydrogen  when  the  chang 
water.  These  two  parts  of  oxygen  unite  and  escape 
sphere,  and  this  is  what  we  called  the  liberating  and 
oxygen. — W.  Dyke. 
TOMATO  CULTURE, 
{Continued  from  page  218.) 
Early,  snccessional  or  main,  and  late  crops  of 
usually  grown  with  the  aid  of  pots,  boxes,  beds,  or  bor 
the  former  are  usually  employed  in  structures  temporal 
Tomato  culture.  The  system  offers  the  advantages 
control,  and  occupation  of  positions  not  otherwise  avada 
lor  single  plants  may  be  9  or  10-inch,  this  being  a  very 
amateurs  or  fur  fruiting  in  any  suitable  structure  or 
general  purposes,  however,  especially  for  the  robust 
heavy  cropping  varieties,  11  or  12-inch  pots  are  better, 
two  plants  in  a  pot — 12  or  13-inch  pots  are  most  service 
The  pots  must  be  well  drained,  one  large  crock  btin 
each  opening,  then  some  rough  crocks  put  in  to  ji 
side  apertures,  if  any,  with  a  few  finer  over  them,  and 
drainage  thus  provided  place  a  layer  of  rough  turfy  loa 
and  brought  up  to  such  height  that  the  top  of  the  bal 
the  plant  is  introduced  will  be  a  quarter  the  depth  of  1 
the  rim  or  upper  edge.  The  space  thus  left  will  allow  fo 
The  balls  of  soil  containing  the  loots  at  the  final  pottinf 
a  thoroughly  moist  condition,  so  as  to  turn  out  of  the  5  i 
quite  clean,  and  the  soil  used  for  pitting  be  in  neither 
state,  but  moist,  and  packed  firmly  round  the  roots.  Li 
no  good  for  Tomatoes,  or  anything  else  required  to  make 
sturdy,  productive  growths,  therefore  pot  firmly. 
If  the  plants  are  to  bo  trained  to  trellises,  they  wii 
stakes  to  support  them  from  the  soil  to  the  lowest  wire, 
be  stood  on  a  shelf  or  stage  over  the  hot- water  pipes,  “ 
not  less  than  13  inches  or  more  than  18  inches  apart, 
double  those  distances,  calculating  from  the  centre  of  the 
stakes,  about  3  feet  6  inches  in  length,  will  be  required 
plants.  Both  the  “  single  ”  and  “  pair  ”  plants  can  be  st( 
or  bed,  where  the  height  of  the  structure  permits,  and 
they  can  have  an  unobstructed  light. 
Boxes  are  preferred  by  some  growers  fo  pots,  as  not  b 
to  breakage,  more  plants  can  be  grown  in  a  given  space 
not  require  so  much  water.  All  kinds  of  boxes  are  utilise 
Tomatoes,  both  indoor  and  outdoor.  A  box  12  incl 
8  inches  in  breadth,  and  6  inches  in  depth,  all  inside  me 
about  the  smallest  size  I  have  seen  used  for  a  sincle  nl 
