520 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER, 
June  22,  1899. 
was  awarded  to  Mr.  J.  W.  Bentley,  Kersal,  Manchester,  for  the  best 
■etand  of  six  rectified  flowers.  He  showed  Sir  J.  Paxton,  illamed  ;  Wno. 
Wilson,  feathered  ;  A.  M’Gregor,  flamed  ;  Mrs,  Atkin,  leathered  ; 
Talisman,  flamed  ;  Conningsby,  leathered.  The  following  awards  weie 
also  made  by  the  Judges,  Messrs.  Housley  (Stockport),  and  J.  Woodhead 
(Staleybridge). 
Premier  feathered  Tulip  in  the  whole  Show,  Mr.  Bentley  with  Bertha. 
Premier  flamed  Tulip,  Mr.  Bentley  w'ith  Sir  J.  Paxton.  Premier  breeder 
Tulip,  Mr.  Bentley  with  Hose  Hill. 
atands  of  Three  Breeders. —  First.  Mr.  Bentley  with  Goldfinder,  Hose  Hill, 
Agnes.  Second,  Mr.  Xeedham  with  Lloyd’s  208,  Mabel,  Beauty  of  Litchurch. 
'Third,  Mr.  Buckley,  with  Sulphur,  Mabel,  Queen  of  the  May. 
Feathered  Bizarres. 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  W.  Wilson 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Rifleman 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  W.  Wilson 
Mr.  Needham,  with  W.  Atuiibal 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Lord  Li  1  ford 
Mr.  Needham,  with  J.  MHutush 
Mr.  Needham,  with  Typo 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Magtnmi  Bonum 
Mr.  Bentley  with  John  Mills 
Feathered  Roses. 
1  Mr.  Needham,  with  Mrs.  Atkin 
"2  Mr.  Bentlej',  with  Mrs.  Atkin 
3  Mr.  Bentley,  with  Heroine 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Miss  Edwards 
Mr.  Needham,  with  Lizzie 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Mrs.  Collier 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  S.  Headley 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Sarah  Ann 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Kate  Connor 
Feathered  Bijbloemens. 
1  Mr.  Bentley,  with  Coningsby 
2  Mr.  Dymock,  with  Lady  Denman 
3  Mr.  Bentley,  with  Bessie 
-4  Mr.  Buckley,  with  Mrs.  Hepworlh 
3  Mr.  Bentley,  with  Jack 
6  Mr.  Bentley,  with  Mrs.  Jackson 
'7  Mr.  Bentley,  with  W.  Parkinson 
8  Mr.  Bentley,  with  Svlvester 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Bertha. 
Bizarre  Breeders, 
1  Mr.  Bentley  with  Sulphur 
2  Mr.  Bentley  with  II.  Yates 
■3  Mr.  Bentley  with  Thurstan’s  121 
4  Mr.  Bentley  with  Lloyd's  103 
3  Mr.  Buckley  with  Lea’s  Seedling 
Flamed  Bizarres. 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Sir  J.  Paxton 
Mr.  Needham,  with  Dr.  Hardy 
Mr.  Needham,  with  Sir  J.  Paxton 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Lea’s  Seedling 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  W.  Wilson 
Mr.  Needham,  with  W.  Lea 
Mr.  W.  Bentley,  with  Cyril 
M  .  Buckley,  with  W.  Lea 
Mr.  Needham,  with  Masterpiece 
Flamed  Roses. 
Mr.  Dymock,  with  A.  McGregor 
Mr.  Needham,  with  Mabel 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Triomphe  Royale 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  A.  McGregor 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Lady  Grey 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Mad.  St.  Arnaud 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  S.  Headley' 
8  Mr.  Bentley,  with  Tryphena 
9  Mr.  Dymock,  with  Mrs.  Moors 
Flamed  Bi/bloemens. 
Mr.  Bentley',  with  Adonis 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Adonis 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  King  of  the 
Universe 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Prince  Arthur 
Mr.  Needham,  with  Duchess  of 
Sutherland 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Seedling 
Mr.  Bentley,  with  Chancellor 
Mr.  Dymock,  with  Lord  Denman 
Jlr.  Djmock,  with  Bullion. 
Rose  Breeders. 
Mr.  Bentley  with  Rose  Hill 
Mr.  Needham  with  Madame  St. 
Amaud 
Mr.  Needham  with  A.  McGregor 
Mr.  Bentley  with  ^Irs.  Barlow 
1 
2 
3 
4 
6 
f. 
1 
8 
9 
1 
2 
5  Mr.  Bentley  with  Lady  Grosreuor 
Byblcemen  Breeders. 
1  Mr.  Needham  with  Ashmole’s  Seedling 
2  Mr.  Bentley  with  Glory  of  Stakehill 
3  Mr.  Bentley  with  Alice  Grey' 
4  Mr.  Bentley  with  Seedling 
5  Mr.  Bentley  with  Leech’s  Seedling 
Selfi. — 1  Mr.  Bentley  with  Cygnet.  2  Mr.  Bentley  with  Golden  Beauty. 
THE  YOUNG  GARDENERS’  DOMAIN. 
Exhibition  Vegetables. 
A  GOOD  method  of  growing  Peas,  Dwarf  and  Runner  Beans,  and 
Broad  Beans  for  exhibition  is  to  prepare  trenches  in  a  similar  way  to 
those  that  are  made  for  Celery’.  Take  out  a  trench  about  2  feet  deep 
nnd^  IJ  foot  wide,  fill  in  with  rich  manure,  place  about  4  inches  of  soil 
-on  it  and  make  the  whole  trench  moderately  firm  by  treading,  which  will 
■bring  it  level  with  the  surface.  If  Peas  are  sown  make  a  point  of  having 
the  best  seeds  obtainable,  placing  these  3  inches  apart,  Runner  Beans 
8  inches.  Broad  Beans  8  inches,  and  French  Beans  6  inches  asunder. 
Place  sticks  to  those  plants  that  require  them  in  good  time,  and  if  the 
weather  is  dry,  pour  into  the  trenches  about  4.30  P.M.  a  good  supply  of 
water  that  has  been  exposed  to  the  sun  ;  by  no  means  use  water  from  a 
spring  or  well,  or  mildew  will  soon  put  in  an  appearance. 
When  gathering  the  pods  of  Peas,  great  judgment  should  be  exercised. 
They  must  be  handled  carefully,  the  bloom  not  rubbed  off,  and  be  full 
of  luscious  Peas,  neither  too  old  nor  too  young.  If  some  of  the  pods 
on  the  rows  are  a  little  too  early,  they  can  be  gathered  quite  eight  days 
before  the  show  and  placed  in  saucers  of  wet  sand,  the  stalk  end  only 
being  inserted,  and  kept  in  a  cool  darkened  cellar.  Keen  competition  is 
■generally  evinced  in  the  Pea  classes,  especially  by  amateurs  ;  some 
■cottagers also  grow  excellent  pods  and  exhibit  them  at  their  local  shows. 
A  well  staged  collection  of  vegetables  is  a  treat  to  behold.  If  the 
•show  is  in  July  and  twelve  distinct  varieties  are  required,  the  following 
may  be  chosen — Potatoes,  Cabbages,  Cauliflowers,  Vegetable  Marrows, 
Peas,  Beans,  Onions,  Turnips,  Broad  Beans,  Cucumbers,  Tomatoes, 
■Carrots,  and  Lettuce,  all  in  exact  accordance  with  the  stipulations. 
Tomatoes  materially  brighten  a  collection  of  vegetables.  Parsley  is  the 
best  greenery  for  garnisDng.  It  should  bo  freely  used,  but  at  the  same 
time  must  not  cover  any  of  the  vegetables,  each  of  which  should  have 
room  to  show  itself  to  advantage.  I  will  deal  with  some  of  the  principal 
fleinds  of  vegetables  in  another  communication  with  the  Editor’s  per¬ 
mission. — Foreman  X. 
[It  is  readily  granted,  as  our  correspondent  appears  to  be  familiar  with 
■<,he  subject  of  growing  and  showing  vegetables.] 
HARDY  FRUIT  GARDEN. 
Summer  Pruning  Fruit  Trees.— Summer  pruning,  if  carried  out  on 
right  li’aes,  not  merely  shortening  shoots  at  random  because  they  have 
grown  long,  is  beneficial  to  the  trees  operated  upon.  As  usually  under¬ 
stood,  summer  pruning  is  the  shortening  back  of  foreright  or  side  shoots 
on  restricted  fruit  trees  which  have  grow  n  a  considerable  length  from  their 
original  starting  point.  If  allowed  to  remain  unshortened  the  continued 
growth,  especially  if  strong,  abstracts  sap  which  might  be  doing  service 
in  building  up  fruit  buds  at  the  base. 
This  is  the  object  of  summer  pruning,  and  in  the  majority  of  cases 
it  is  attained,  if  the  growths  are  shortened  when  the  lower  half-dozen 
leaves  have  attained  full  size.  The  shoots  may  then  be  pruned  back  to 
four  or  six  leaves,  according  to  their  strength.  With  the  strongest  shoots 
four  leaves  will  be  ample  to  retain.  Weaker  growths  shorten  to  six  leaves. 
Where  thickly  placea  it  is  a  good  plan  to  reduce  the  number  of  the 
summer  shoots,  cutting  out  the  weakest  entirely.  It  is  best  to  have  a 
limited  number  of  shoots  to  each  clump  of  spurs,  as  the  more  light  and 
air  that  can  reach  the  basal  leaves  the  better.  Shortening,  without 
taking  the  precaution  to  thin  if  necessary,  creates  a  thicket  of  growth. 
Another  method  of  summer  pruning  is  not  to  shorten  any  shoots  or 
branches,  but  simply  to  thin  out  and  regulate  growth.  The  form  of  tree 
on  which  this  style  of  pruning  is  found  to  act  best  is  the  open  bush  and 
standard.  Thinning  branches  can  be  carried  out  as  well  in  summer 
as  winter.  Cuts  heal  sooner,  and  there  is  the  advantage  of  seeing  to 
what  extent  it  is  necessary  to  remove  growths. 
The  preceding  remarks  on  summer  pruning  refer  chiefly  to  Apples 
and  Pears.  The  summer  growths  of  Plums  and  Sweet  Cherries  are  best 
pinched  or  shortened  to  three  good  leaves  in  de  iling  with  trees  or  bushes 
restricted  in  form.  Standards  and  half-standards  need  little  pruning, 
especially  if  well  trained  when  young. 
Morello  Cherries  make  abundance  of  wood  in  a  season.  This  requires 
some  thinning,  regulating,  and  laying-in  without  any  shortening,  cutting 
out  the  bearing  shoots  ot  the  present  season  as  the  fruit  is  gathered. 
Gooseberries  on  walls  must  be  summer  pruned  like  Rod  and  White 
Currants.  TLe  side  shoots  or  foreright  growths  are  shortened  to  three 
pairs  of  leaves.  Bush  Gooseberries  may  be  thinned  and  regulated  later  on. 
Black  Currants  require  no  shortening  at  the  present  time,  but 
crowded  shoots  or  branches  may  bo  removed  after  the  fruit  has  been 
picked. 
"Watering  Fruit  Tree  Borders. — The  importance  of  maintaining  the 
herders  moiat  at  the  present  time  is  very  great.  Trees  on  walls  carrying 
good  crops  must  not  suffer  from  lack  of  moisture  in  the  soil,  for  with  this 
there  is  also  absence  of  food  for  the  roots.  Heavy  demands  are  made 
now  upon  the  trees,  for  in  addition  to  carrying  and  sustaining  the  crop 
there  is  extension  and  perfecting  of  growth  for  the  succeeding  season.  It 
is  a  wise  plan  to  check  evaporation  Irom  the  soil  by  a  liberal  mulching  of 
manure  over  the  roots  immediately  after  a  copious  watering  has  been 
given.  Further  waterings  may’  be  given  over  the  mulching,  and  liquid 
manure  applied.  A  moist  condition  of  the  soil  promotes  and  maintains 
a  healthy  condition  of  the  foliage,  w  hich  wards  off  attacks  of  red  spider 
a.ud  aphis. 
Borders  with  plenty  of  natural  drain’age  and  on  light  soils  feel  the 
effects  of  dry  weather  sooner  than  those  on  retentive  ground.  Where  the 
surface  of  the  border  is  smooth  and  caked  it  should  be  carefully  pricked 
over  with  a  fork,  doing  ihis  without  injuring  the  roots  if  many  are 
situated  near  the  surface. 
Newly  planted  fruit  trees  on  walls  and  in  the  open  are  not  only 
benefited  by  liberally  watering  the  roots,  but  by  syringing  to  cleanse  and 
maintain  the  foliage  fresh. 
Strawberries. — Netting  Fruit. — Covering  the  beds  with  nets  must  be 
adopted  immediately  the  first  fruits  begin  to  colour.  Forked  sticks  can 
be  driven  down  at  intervals  on  each  side  of  the  beds,  and  cross  pieces 
laid  over  on  which  the  nets  may  be  stretched,  fastening  them  down  at  the 
sides  to  prevent  birds  passing  underneath. 
Feeding  and  Watering. — Healthy  plants  developing  good  crops  may  be 
fed  frtely  with  liquid  manure  while  the  fruit  is  green.  Water  should  be 
given  previously  on  light  dry  soils.  Considerable  nutriment  is  derived 
from  a  liberal  mulching  if  the  virtues  contained  in  the  manure  are 
washed  into  the  soil,  so  that  the  roots  may  appropriate  the  food.  Feeding 
need  not  be  continued  after  colouring  commences. 
Thinning  the  Fruit. — There  is  some  advantage  in  reducing  the  number 
of  fruits  where  a  heavy  crop  has  set.  Many  of  the  smallest  and  deformed 
may  be  cut  out. 
Early  Propagating. — The  runners  from  good  fruiting  plants  may  be 
layered  when  the  first  plantlet  shows  roots.  These  layers  are  choice, 
and  may  be  employed  when  established  for  forming  the  first  new  bed  or 
for  growing  as  pot  plants.  The  methods  of  rooting  Strawberry  layers 
are  various,  but  for  these  early  plants  the  best  way  is  undoubtedly  that 
of  securing  them  ou  the  surface  of  small  pots  filled  with  good  loam  and 
manure  pressed  down  firmly.  The  soil  must  be  kept  moist,  and  the 
runners  beyond  the  plantlets  nipped  off  early. 
