June  29,  1899. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
537 
Gustave  Piganeau,  Her  Majesty,  Ulrich  Brunner,  Caroline  Testout,  Prince 
Arthur,  Comtesse  de  Ludro,  ^Irs.  Crawford,  Xavier  Olibo,  Helen  Keller, 
Maurice  Bernardin,  Francois  Michelon,  Mrs.  Grant,  Duke  of  Wellington, 
Clio,  General  Jacqueminot,  Antoine  Rivoire,  and  Madame  G.  Luizet. 
Messrs.  J.  Burrell  k.  Co.,  Cambridge,  came  second  with  a  good  board. 
The  best  flowers  were  Marquis  Littn,  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam,  Mrs.  J. 
Laing,  Bridesmaid,  and  White  Lady, 
For  twelve  single  trusses  (amateurs)  Mr.  G.  W,  Cook,  North  Fir.chley, 
was  first  with  Mrs.  J.  Laing,  Captain  Hayward,  La  France,  Marn[uis 
Litta,  General  Jacqueminot,  IMrs.  Crawford,  Souvenir  de  President 
Darnot,  Mrs.  W,  ,T.  Grant,  Madame  Gabriel  Luizet,  Chas.  Lefebvre, 
Medea,  and  Louis  Van  Houttc.  Mr.  W.  Kingston,  Bedford,  was  second  ; 
and  Mr.  R.  W.  Bowyer,  Haileybury  College,  Hertford,  third. 
For  SIX  single  trusses.  Miss  B.  H.  Langton,  Hendon,  was  first  with  a 
beautiful  exhibit;  Mr.  J.  Bateman,  Archway  Road,  Highgate,  came 
second  ;  and  Mr.  G.  H.  Blaxton,  Brmtwood,  third.  For  nine  trusses, 
one  variety,  Mr.  P.  Burnand,  lieigate,  was  placed  first  with  Mrs.  Sharman 
Crawford  ;  Mr.  T.  B.  Hayward  was  second  with  a  good  stand  of  Mrs.  ,T. 
Laing  ;  and  the  Rev.  Page  Roberts,  Scole,  was  third  with  Madame 
G.  Luizet.  For  six  trusses,  one  variety,  Mr.  G.  W.  Cook  was  first  with 
Mrs.  W.  J.  Grant  ;  Mr,  E,  M.  Bethune,  Horsham,  was  second  with 
Kaiserin  Augusta  Victoria. 
There  was  a  grand  competition  in  the  cla^s  for  eighteen  trusses  of  Teas 
and  Noisettes,  but  Messrs.  D.  Prior  &  Son  were  to  the  fore  with  Innocente 
Pirola,  Maman  Cochet,  Rubens,  The  Bride,  Cleopatra,  Souvenir  de  S.  A. 
Prince,  Catherine  Mermet,  Marie  Van  Houtte,  Souvenir  d’un  Ami, 
Mar^chal  Niel,  Madame  Watteville,  Caroline  Kuster,  Comtesse  de 
Nadaillac,  IMadame  Cusin,  ,Tean  Uucher,  Alba  Rosea,  Medea,  and  Souvenir 
d’Fllise.  Mr.  G.  Prince,  Oxford,  was  second  with  noteworthy  examples 
of  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  Marechal  Niel,  Muriel  Grahame,  and  Brides¬ 
maid, 
For  eighteen  single  trusses  the  Rev.  F.  Page  Roberts  was  successful 
with  a  good  even  stand.  The  best  blooms  were  Golden  Gate,  Madame 
Cusin,  Muriel  Grahame,  The  Bride,  and  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac.  Mr. 
O.  G,  Orpen  was  second  with  Catherine  Mermet,  Cleopatra,  Empress 
Alexandra  of  Russia,  and  Anna  Olivier.  Mr.  Conway  .Jones,  Hucclecote, 
Gloucester,  was  placed  in  the  front  rank  for  twelve  trusses.  The  best 
blooms  were  Mardchal  Niel,  Golden  Gate,  The  Bride,  and  Ethel  Brown- 
low.  The  Rev.  A.  F.  Melliar,  Sproughfou  Rectory,  Ipswich,  was  second. 
There  were  ten  competitors  for  six  varieties,  and  the  first  place  was 
secured  by  the  Rev.  F.  R.  Burnside,  St.  Margaret’s  Bay,  Dover  ;  Mr. 
H.  P.  Landon,  Shenfield,  Brentwood,  was  second.  For  nine  trusses,  one 
variety,  Mr.  O.  G.  Orpen  was  first  with  good  blooms  of  Mardchal  Niel. 
Mr.  H.  P.  Landon  was  first  for  six  trusses,  one  variety,  with  Anna 
Olivier,  and  Mr.  B.  H.  Langton  second  with  the  Hon.  Edith  Gifford. 
The  garden  Roses  made  quite  a  show  in  themselves.  For  thirty-six 
varieties  Messrs.  G.  Cooling  &  Sons,  Bath,  were  placed  first  with  a 
grand  exhibit ;  Messrs.  G.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  were  second  with  a 
beautiful  exhibit.  For  eighteen  distinct  varieties  Mr.  A.  Tate,  Leather- 
head,  was  first  with  a  superb  exhibit ;  Mr.  F.  W.  Campion,  Reigate, 
was  second  ;  and  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Pemberton  third. 
Ro.SE  Shows. — We  have  been  compelled,  owing  to  pressure  on  our 
space,  to  keep  the  reports  of  Croydon,  Richmond,  and  Southampton 
Shows  until  our  next  issue. 
THE  YOUNG  GARDENERS’  DOMAIN. 
Exhibition  Vegetable.s. 
{Continued  from  page  ^2^.) 
Potatoes  for  exhibition  require  thorough  preparation.  As  soon  as 
possible  after  being  dug  the  seed  should  be  selected  and  placed  on  end  in 
shallow  boxes,  with  the  eyes  upwards,  in  a  frost-proof  place,  where  plenty 
of  fresh  air  and  light  can  bo  admitted.  These  must  be  examined 
occasionally,  and  all  except  two  shoots  rubbed  off  ;  and  when  required 
for  planting,  select  the  better  of  these  two  only.  Choose  a  piece  of 
ground  that  was  well  manured  for  a  previous  crop,  say  where  Celery  was 
grow  n,  trench  deeply,  adding  leaf  soil  and  fresh  lime  as  the  work  proceeds. 
The  rows  must  be  quite  3  feet  apart  for  the  strongest  growers,  and  the  sets 
may  be  placed  20  inches  to  2  feet' asunder  in  the  rows.  In  some  gardens 
the  Potatoes  when  dug  are  scabby  ;  to  prevent  this  cover  the  seed  with 
burnt  garden  refuse  when  planting.  When  lifting  the  crop  select  those  of 
perfect  form,  carefully  wash,  and  store  in  boxes  in  a  dark  place  until 
required  for  the  show. 
Seeds  of  Onions  for  exhibition  should  be  sown  in  .January  in  boxes. 
When  the  seedlings  are  large  enough  prick  out  2  inches  apart  into  other 
boxes,  keeping  them  close  to  the  glass,  in  a  temperature  of  55°  to  60°, 
until  the  grpwth  advances,  when  they  must  be  gradually  hardened,  and 
planted  out  15  inches  apart  each  way  in  March  if  the  weather  is  favourable. 
Some  growers  pot  them,  instead  of  planting  direct  from  boxes.  If  large 
bulbs  are  required  for  kitchen  uses,  or  if  the  Onion  fly  is  an  annual 
trouble,  the  former  method  will  be  found  to  answer  admirably,  provided 
the  ground  has  been  thoroughly  enriched  and  trenched  2  feet  deep.  Even 
then  liquid  manure  from  the  cow  stalls  should  be  regularly  applied  to 
grow  bulbs  over  3  lbs.  in  weight. 
Seeds  of  Cauliflowers  sown  at  the  middle  of  February  in  boxes  or  on 
hotbeds  will  be  quite  early  enough  for  the  first  summer  shows.  But  the 
safer  way  is  to  sow  a  little  seed  often,  then  if  the  plants  form  heads  too 
early  for  a  given  date,  lift  them,  and  store  in  the  coolest  cellar  at  command. 
When  the  “flower”  is  forming,  tie  the  leaves  over  the  top,  as  by  this 
method  white  heads  are  obtained.  The  site  selected  for  the  plants  must 
be  thoroughl}-  trenched,  and  decayed  manure  incorporated.  Place  the 
plants  in  rows  3  feet  apart  and  2^  feet  asunder  in  the  rows,  giving 
abundance  of  liquid  manure  if  obtainable.  All  the  Brassica  family 
require  deep  rich  soil  and  similar  treatment,  varying  the  distances 
between  the  plants. 
To  grow  good  exhibition  roots  of  Carrots  and  l°arsnips  the  ground 
should  be  trenched  early  in  the  autumn,  using  little  or  no  manure,  this 
being  governed  by  the  system  adopted  for  the  previous  crop.  Early  in 
March — if  the  soil  is  workable — the  first  opportunity  should  be  taken  to 
make  the  soil  very  firm,  sowing  the  seeds  without  delay  in  (he  following 
manner.  Make  ol  wood  a  good  model  of  a  Parsnip,  and  2  feet  from  the 
bottom  attach  a  crosspiece,  so  that  both  feet  may  be  used  to  force  it  into 
the  earth.  As  a  preliminary  to  this  use  an  iron  bar  to  make  the  holes, 
so  as  to  lacilitate  the  insertion  of  the  model  to  the  required  depth.  The 
holes  should  be  made  15  inches  apart,  and  the  lines  or  rows  18  inches, 
and  they  must  be  filled  with  light  rich  fine  soil,  and  two  or  three  seeds 
sown  in  the  centre  of  each.  When  these  have  germinated,  and  the  plants 
are  large  enough,  the  best  should  be  retained  fur  growth.  The  wooden 
model  used  for  the  Carrots  may  be  a  size  smaller,  and  the  holes  made  a 
few  inches  closer  together.  Use  the  Dutch  hoe  frequently’,  particularly 
in  dry  weather. 
To  produce  the  best  Leeks  it  is  absolutely  necessary  to  have  2  feet 
depth  ol  soil  thoroughly’ prepared  and  enriched  by  good  farmyard  manure. 
The  seeds  should  be  sown  and  treated  in  a  similar  way  to  that  advocated 
for  Onions,  with  the  exception  that  it  does  not  require  to  be  sown  so  early 
— about  a  fortnight  later  will  suffice.  Some  growers  pot  the  plants,  but 
this  method  cannot  be  general  among  exhibitors,  room  and  time  being  too 
precious  at  the  period  they  require  repotting.  When  transferred  to  the 
quarter  chosen,  plant  in  lines  2  feet  asunder,  and  20  inches  apart.  Plant 
ceeply,  keeping  the  soil  out  of  the  crowns  of  plants.  They  may  also  be 
p  anted  in  trenches  like  Celery,  and  liquid  manure  liberally  applied. 
To  produce  Beet  for  exhibition  the  seeds  should  be  sown  in  April,  and 
w  hen  the  seedlings  appear  they  must  be  protected  from  frosts.  The  soil 
should  be  rich  and  well  cultivated,  but  add  no  manure  ;  this  should  have 
been  giien  for  the  previous  season’s  crop  of  some  other  vegetable.  Thin 
the  plants  to  15  or  18  inches  apart  each  way,  and  water  thoroughly  in 
dry  weather. 
Turnips  require  sowing  at  monthly  intervals  from  the  end  of  February 
(outside)  on  a  warm  border  in  similar  soil  to  that  advised  for  Beet. 
Choose  showery  weather,  and  if  dry  the  drills  must  be  watered  before¬ 
hand,  and  these  should  be  15  inches  apart,  and  the  plants  thinned  to 
1  foot  asunder. — Foreman  X. 
W^K.foi(theWEEK. 
FRUIT  FORCING. 
■Vines. — Earbj  House. — The  Vines  from  which  the  Grapes  have  been 
cut  must  be  well  syringed  every  evening  until  thoroughly  freed  from  red 
spider,  and  afterwards  occasionally’  to  preserve  the  old  foliage  as  long  as 
possible  in  *  healthy  condition,  for  when  the  leave.s  die  early  second 
growth  not  infrequently’  sets  in  when  the  Vines  ought  to  be  going  to  rest. 
Admit  air  to  the  fullest  extent  possible,  and  maintain  a  moderate  degree 
of  moisture  in  the  border,  particularly  at  the  suiface,  so  as  to  keep  the 
roots  there  instead  of  allowing  it  to  become  dry,  and  so  causing  them  to 
descend  in  quest  of  moisture.  A  moderate  extension  of  the  laterals  will 
not  do  harm,  but  irregularities  of  growth,  and  particularly  gross  ones, 
should  be  checked  by  pinching,  or  be  entirely  removed. 
Grapes  Ripening. — A  fair  amount  of  atmospheric  moisture  should  be 
maintained  both  for  the  benefit  of  the  foliage  and  the  swelling  of  the  fruit, 
which  enlarges  considerably  during  the  ripening  process.  Give  the 
inside  borders,  and  the  outside  as  well  if  the  weather  be  dry,  a  good 
soaking  of  tepid  w’ater  or  liquid  manure,  and  mulch  at  once  with 
about  2  inches  of  rather  dry  but  short  sweet  litter.  This  will  mostly 
be  sufficient  for  perfecting  ttie  Grapes,  but  the  Vines  must  not  suffer 
from  drought  at  the  roots,  or  the  berries  will  be  liable,  especially  IMuscats, 
to  shrivel.  Directly  they  begin  to  colour  afford  abundance  of  air,  a  little 
fire  heat  being  essential  to  their  higher  perfection,  especially  in  flavour, 
insuring  a  circulation  of  warm  air,  but  allow  the  temperature  to  fall 
to  65°  at  night,  otherwise  securing  by  artificial  means  a  temperature  70° 
to  75°,  and  80°  to  85°  through  the  day  for  Black  Hamburghs  and 
similar  varieties.  Muscats  should  have  a  night  temperature  of  70°  to  75°, 
80°  to  85“  by  day’,  up  to  90°  or  95°  from  sun  heat. 
Grapes  Stoning. — The  weather  recently  has  been  favourable  for  scorch¬ 
ing  and  scalding.  The  best  means  of  preventing  both  is  a  rather  high 
night  temperature,  early  and  free  ventilation  by  day,  with  a  little  at  night. 
It  is  not  advisable  to  close  early  at  this  critical  period  — the  close  of  the 
stoning  process,  but  do  so  carefully,  and  as  the  liability  to  scalding  does 
not  extend  over  more  than  a  fortnight  or  three  weeks,  particular  attention 
should  be  given  to  ventilation.  If  very  bright  weather  succeed  a  dull 
moist  period,  a  slight  shade  over  the  roof-lights  is  very  beneficial.  A 
double  thickness  of  herring  nets  will  afford  all  the  shade  required,  and  it 
is  necessary’,  where  the  panes  of  glass  are  large,  especially  for  Muscats 
just  completing  the  stoning  process. 
