151 
Feljruary  12,  19C3.  JCURNAFj  C,  I 
nOliriCULTVRE 
AND  con  A  ;r 
GARDENER. 
they  can  be  grown  ^^  ith  one  long,  clean  stem  that  does  not  branch 
within  a  foot  of  the  surface. 
CABBAGES. — Cabbage  may  be  grown  in  well-trenched  and 
manured  ground,  as  it  is  usually  of  a  gross  feeding  character.  A 
little  soot  may  with  advantage  be  worked  into  the  ground. 
LETTUCES. — Lettuce  requires  moist  and  rich  ground,  espe¬ 
cially  in  summer.  Although  well-trenched  ground  is  preferable, 
owing  to  its  large  su^iply  of  available  food  and  moisture,  yet  a 
good  rooting  medium  may  be  prepared  by  ordinary  deep  digging 
and  manuring. 
SEAKALE. — The  ground  set  apart  for  Seakale  should  be 
roughly -and  deeply  dug  up.  If  possible,  trench  it,  and  Avork  in  a 
moderate  amount  of  manure.  If  prepared  noAV,  and  alloAved  to 
lie  until  April,  it  Avill  be  then  in  good  condition  for  planting.  The 
soil  betAveen  permanent  clumps  may  be  lightly  forked  over. 
RHUBARB. — The  richest  and  deepest  ground  available  should 
be  planted  Avith  Rhubarb,  though  it  is  not  essential  that  the  best 
Codlin  moth  and  larva. 
aspect  in  the  garden  be  required.  Rhubarb  usually  occupies  the 
ground  for  several  years,  hence  the  neces.sity  for  Avorking  tlie 
ground  Avell  before  planting,  placing  plenty  o'f  manure  betAveen 
each  spit. 
BEANS. — Ordinary  Avell  broken-up  land  will  ansAver  for  Broad 
Beans.  Light,  rich,  and  moist  ground,  moved  to  a  fair  depth  of 
30in  Avill  groAv  French  and  Kidney  Beans.  Trenched  ground 
should  haA^e  decomposed  manure,  burnt  refuse,  and  some  leaf  soil 
AA'ell  incorporated.  An  old  Celery  trench  is  sure  to  be  a  good 
position  for  Beans  as  for  Peas. — East  Kent. 
- - 
The  Codlin  Moth, 
This  pest  to  orchards  (Carpocapsa  pomonella,  Linn.)  is  so 
insidious  that  fruits  from  certain  districts  or  neglected  old 
orchards,  at  times,  cannot  be  eaten  Avithout  tasting  the  decom- 
posd  remains  following  the  occupation  of  the  fruit  by  the  larva 
of  this  insect.  This  being  so,  Ave  may  be  pardoned  for  again 
bringing  the  baneful  little  creature  to  AueAv,  and  we  hope  that 
where  infestations  are,  or  haA^e  been  numerous,  due  precautions 
may  be  made  against  the  pest  to  lessen,  if  not  destroy,  its 
ramifications. 
The  moth  i.s  about  four-fifths  of  an  inch  in  spread  of  the  fore- 
Avings,  someAvhat  broAvnish,  but  the  fore-Avings  have  markings 
of  gold  colour,  and  the  Aving  is  A-aried  Avith  ti-ansA'erse  streaks 
of  broAvn  and  grey.  The  male  moths  are  distinguishable  from 
the  females  by  the  presence  of  a  narroAv,  long,  blackish  spot  on 
the  under  side  of  each  fore-Aving,  and  also  by  a  A-ery  narroAv  line 
of  long  black  hairs  along  the  upper  surface  of  each  of  the  hinder 
Avings.  The  moths  come  out  about  the  time  of  the  Apple 
blossoms,  and  Avhen  the  embryo  fruit  is  beginning  to  form,  the 
females  lay  their  eggs.  The  maggots,  in  le.ss  than  ten  days, 
hatch  out  and  burroAv  into  the  embryo  Apple.  In  four  Aveeks 
the  grubs  are  full  groAvn.  They  eat  their  way  out  of  the  fruits 
and  make  tracks  to  a  neighbouring  Apple-tree  stem,  and  there 
shelter  in  a  cranny  of  the  bark  and  spin  a  cocoon.  From  this 
the  moth  comes  out  in  about  a  fortnight,  or  in  the  folloAving 
spring,  according  to  Avhether  there  is  one  brood  or  tAA’b,  in  the 
course  of  the  season. 
Infested  fruits  should  be  gathered  up  and  destroyed.  Pigs 
or  sheep  are  often  set  to  deAmur  fallen  fruits  that  contain  the 
grub.  To  prevent  the  grubs  from  craAvling  up  the  stems  of  the 
trees  after  their  leaving  the  Apples,  hay-rope  the  trunks  of  the 
trees,  or  apply  greased  bands  very  firmly.  Perfectly  clean  and 
healthy  trees  are  a  great  desideratum,  for  then  feAV  or  no  lodge¬ 
ments  can  be  discovered  by  the  grubs.  To  prevent  the  moth 
from  laying  her  eggs,  spray  the  trees  Avith  Paris-green  or  London- 
purple,  just  Avhen  the  Apple  blossoms  are  shedding  their  petals. 
Use  these  Avith  the  greatest  caution,  on  a  still,  de\Ay  morning, 
at  the  rate  of  lib  of  the  poison  to  140  or  150  gallons  of  Avater, 
applied  in  the  form  of  a  fine  spraj’.  Keep  the  mixture  well 
Avorked-up  Avhilo  using. 
*  All  correspondence  relating  to  editorial  matters  should  be  directed 
to  “  The  Editor,”  12,  Mitre  Court  Chambers,  Fleet  Street, 
London,  E  C.  It  is  requested  that  no  one  Avill  Avi’ite  privately 
to  any  of  our  correspondents,  seeking  information  on  matters 
discussed  in  this  Journal,  as  doing  so  subjects  them  to  unjustifiable 
trouble  and  expense. 
MALMAISON  CARNATIONS  (Halland).— Treated  as 
described  on  page  3  by  Mr.  G.  H.  Cook,  the  plants  should  com¬ 
mence  to  bloom  about  the  middle  of  May. 
POTATO  TO  NAME  (L.  S.). — The  tuber  appears  that  of  Syon 
House  Prolific,  an  excellent  keeper,  and  a  most  abundant  cropper, 
the  tubers  being  of  oval  shape  Avith  a  russet  skin  and  shalloAV 
eyes,  the  quality  being  excellent. 
SUCCESSION  OF  FLOWERS  FOR  CUTTING  (F.  B.).— 
We  presume  you  intend  to  chiefly  rely  upon  annuals  or  hardy 
plants  that  are  readily  raised  from  seed.  Anemone  coronaria, 
single  Poppy  Anemone,  and  double  broAvn-floAvered  St.  Brigid 
.strain,  .soAvn  in  May,  June,  or  July,  for  spring  floAvering,  hardy, 
bulbous  plants.  Anemone  japonica  alba,  herbaceous  perennial, 
is  invaluable  for  cutting  in  late  summer  and  autumn.  China 
Asters,  easily  raised  in  a  cold  frame,  by  soAving  at  the  end  of 
March  or  early  in  April,  are  grand  for  cutting  in  late  summer. 
Calliop.sis  atrosanguinea,  C.  coronata,  and  C.  Drummondi  are 
hardy  annuals  that  give  a  long  succession  of  bloom.  Canterbury 
Bells  (Campanula  calycanthema  vars.)  are  biennial,  and  soAvn  from 
March  to  June  give  spikes  not  inappropriate  for  cutting  in  the 
early  part  of  summer.  Candytufts,  especially  White  Spiral,  are 
hardy  annuals,  good  for  cutting,  may  be  soAvn  in  September  for 
.spring  blooming,  and  in  .spring  for  summer  floAvering.  Carnations, 
early-flowering  double,  double  Grenadin,  and  Marguerite,  are 
very  valuable,  soAA’ing  in  April  to  June  for  floAvering  the  folloAAung 
summer,  or  if  soAvn  in  March  Marguerite  A’ars.  Avill  bloom  in 
August  and  September.  Catananche  cserulea,  a  hardy  perennial, 
Avill  floAver  the  same  year  if  soAvn  early.  Centaurea  Marguerita,  a 
hardy  annual,  yelloAV  and  .scented,  blooms  from  June  till  frost  if 
soAvn  at  different  times  from  the  end  of  March  till  July.  C.  Im- 
perialis  is  a  larger  form,  and  lasts  for  seAmral  days  if  cut  when  the 
buds  are  just  opening,  the  .shades  of  colour  being  loA’ely  and  SAveet- 
scented.  C.  Cyanus,  or  C'ornfloAver,  a  hardy  annual,  should  be 
soAvn  in  spring  for  summer  floAvering,  and  in  autumn  for  early 
blooming.  Chry.santhemum  Morning  Star,  and  C.  coronarium 
vars.,  lemon,  AA'hite,  and  yelloAV,  are  extremely  useful  for  cutting, 
being  soAvn  in  .spring  for  summer  bloom  and  in  autumn  for  early 
floAvering ;  indeed,  all  the  annual  Chrysanthemums  are  good  for 
cutting.  Clarkia.s  .soAvn  in  autumn  give  sprays  useful  for  cutting 
in  spring.  Delphiniums,  in  the  finest  hybrids.  Avith  shades  of 
colour  from  lavender  to  intense  blue,  are  excellent  for  cutting ; 
seed  soAvn  early  summer  giA’e  plants  for  flowering  the  folloAA'ing 
summer.  They  are  perennials.  Gaillardias,  fine.st  hybrids, 
grandiflora  hybrida,  and  picta,  are  hardy  perennials:  soAvn  in 
.summer  they  bloom  the  folloAving  season,  the  floAver  being  of  great 
size  and  durability.  Gypsophila  paniculata  gives  sprays  pf  great 
usefulness  for  mixing  Avith  other  flowers;  it  is  a  perennial,  and 
should  be  soAvn  in  summer  or  early  autumn.  Larkspur,  branch¬ 
ing  vars.,  hardy  annuals,  soAvn  in  spring,  give  fine  sprays  for 
cutting,  or  if  s'oAvn  in  autumn  floAver  in  early  summer.  IMalva 
moschata  and  var.  alba  are  perennials,  blooming  the  first  summer 
if  soAvn  early;  otherwise  soav  in  .summer  for  next  year’s  bloom. 
Mignonette,  Giant  Crimson,  and  large  floAvemg,  should  be  soAvn 
in  spring.  Pent.stemons  giA'e  fine  spikes,  soAving  in  June  for 
next  season’s  floAvering,  the  large-floAvered  (grandiflora)  being 
best.  Pyrethrums,  double  and  single  varieties,  are  grand,  soAving 
early  in  summer  for  floAvering  the  following  season,  these  being 
hardy  perennials.  Scabiosa  cauca.sica,  a  hardy  perennial,  sown 
in  .summer  floAvers  the  folloAving  year,  the  floAA-ers  being  of  a  soft 
lilac-blue  colour.  Double  SAveet  Scabious  and  Salpiglossis  require 
soAving  in  a  frame  ;  then  they  floAA-er  finely  in  late  summer  and 
autumn.  Brompton  Stocks,  scarlet  and  wliite,  from  seed  sown 
in  July  and  August  are  fine  for  cutting  in  the  folloAving  summer. 
SAveet‘  Sultan,  purple,  Avhite,  and  yelloAV,  are  grand,  soAving  in 
spring  for  summer  bloom  and  in  August  for  early  summer  floAver- 
ing,  though  the  plants  do  not  ahA'ays  survive.  Sweet  Peas  in 
great  variety.  SunfloAA’cr,  Noaa’  Miniature,  Miniature  Stella,  and 
Miniature  Double,  are  largely  useful  for  cutting,  soAving  in  April 
or  May.  WallfloAvers,  especially  Blood  Red,  are  indispensable  ;  the 
seed  .should  be  soAvn  in  April. pricking  off  the  young  plants  and  well 
caring  for  them,  so  as  to  have  a  good  bloom  the  folloAving  spring. 
Zinnias  are  charming  for  cutting,  but  require  rearing  under  glass, 
a  cold  frame  sufficing,  as  alluded  to  for  China  Asters. 
