March  5,  1903. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
213 
Covent  Garden  Market.— March  4th. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Fruit. 
s.  d.  s.  d  s.  d.  s.  d 
Apples,  culinary,  bush.  3  0to6  0  Lemons,  Messina,  ease  10  0tol5  0 
Bananas .  10  0  15  0  Oranges,  case  .  10  0  20  0 
Cobs  and  Filberts,  lb.  0  4  0  0  Pines,  St.  Michael’s, 
Grapes,  Alicantes  ...  1  6  2  6  each .  2  6  5  0 
,,  Colman  .  2  6  3  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Vegetables. 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Artichokes,  green,  doz. 
2  0  to  3  0 
Leeks,  bunch  .  0  2to0  24 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve 
1  6 
0  0 
Lettuce,  Cabbage,  doz.  1  3 
0  0 
Batavia,  doz . 
2  0 
0  0 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb.  1  3 
1  0 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
0  6 
1  0 
Mustard  &  Cress,  doz. 
Brussels  Sprouts, ^-sieve 
1  6 
0  0 
punnets .  1  6 
0  0 
Cabbages,  tally  . 
3  0 
5  0 
Onions,  bushel  ...  ...  3  0 
0  0 
Carrots,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs.  ...  2  0 
3  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
1  6 
2  0 
Potatoes,  cwt .  5  0 
6  0 
Corn  Salad,  strike 
1  0 
1  3 
Radishes,  doz .  0  9 
1  0 
Cucumbers  doz . 
10  0 
12  0 
Spinach,  bush .  4  0 
0  0 
Endive,  doz . 
1  6 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  Canary  Isles, 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
per  case  .  4  0 
4  6 
Horseradish,  bunch  ... 
2  0 
2  6 
Turnips,  bncb .  0  0 
0  2 
Average  Wholese.le  Prices.— Plants  in  Pots. 
Most  of  the  undermentioned  plants  are  sold  in  48  and  32-sized  pots 
Aralias,  doz . 
Araucaria,  doz.  ... 
Aspidistra,  doz.  ... 
Cinerarias,  doz.  ... 
Crotons,  doz . 
Cyperus  alternifolius 
doz .  ...  .. 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.  .. 
_  ,,  viridis,  doz. . 
Erica  melanthera,  doz. 
,,  Wilmoreana 
Ferns,  var.,  doz.  ... 
,,  small,  100... 
Arums,  doz . 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bncb. 
Bouvardia,  coloured, 
doz.  bunches  ... 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
Cattleyas,  doz.  ... 
Croton  foliage,  bun. 
Cycas  leaves,  each 
Cypripediums,  doz. 
Daffodils,  single,  doz. 
bnch . 
,,  double,  doz. 
bnch . 
Eucharis,  doz. 
Freesia,  white,  doz. 
bnch . 
Gardenias,  doz . 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnchs . 
Ivy  leaves,  doz.  bun _ 
Lilium  Harris!  . 
,,  lancifoliumalb. 
,,  1.  rubrum... 
,,  longiflorum 
Lily  of  Valley,  12  bnchs 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
bnchs . 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d 
s. 
d. 
s.  d 
5 
0tol2 
0 
Ficus  elastica,  doz.  ... 
9  0tol2  0 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var,  each 
1 
0 
5  0 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Grevilleas,  48’s,  doz.  ... 
5 
0 
0  0 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Lycopodiums,  doz.  ... 
3 
0 
0  0 
18 
0 
30 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz. 
8 
0 
12  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6 
0 
9  6 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Palms,  in  var.,  doz.  ... 
15 
0 
30  0 
12 
0 
30 
0 
,,  specimens 
21 
0 
63  0 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Pandanus  Veitebi,  48’s, 
24 
0 
30 
0 
doz . 
24 
0 
30  0 
10  0 
15 
0 
Primulas  . 
4 
0 
5  n 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Shrubs,  in  pots  . 
4 
0 
6  ° 
10  0 
16 
0 
Spiraeas,  5in.  pots 
9 
0 
log 
STholesale  Prices.— Cut  flowers 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d 
s. 
d. 
s.  d 
2 
0to3 
0 
Marguerites,  white, 
1 
0 
2 
0 
doz.  bnchs . 
3 
0to4  0 
,,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
1 
6 
2  0 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Myrtle,  English,  per 
1 
3 
1 
9 
bunch  . 
0 
6 
0  0 
10 
0 
12 
0 
Narcissus,  Sol  d’Or,  doz. 
1 
0 
1  6 
0 
9 
1 
0 
,,  paper  white,  ,, 
1 
6 
2  0 
0 
9 
1 
6 
,,  Poeticus,  doz  bnchs 
2 
0 
3  0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
,,  Grand  Primo  ,, 
1 
0 
1  6 
Odontoglossums . 
4 
0 
5  0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Orange  blossom,  bunch 
2 
0 
0  0 
Roses,  Nipbetos,  white, 
1 
0 
2 
0 
doz . 
1 
6 
2  0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
,,  pink,  doz . 
2 
0 
4  0 
,,  yellow, doz.  (Perles) 
1 
6 
2  0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
,,  Liberty,  doz . 
4 
0 
6  0 
5 
0 
6 
0 
,,  Generals . 
2  6 
4  0 
Smilax,  bunch  . 
3  6 
3  0 
6 
0 
8 
0 
’Tuberoses,  dozen . 
0 
9 
1  0 
1 
6 
0 
0 
'Tulips,  pink,  doz.  bnch. 
6 
0 
8  0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
,,  white,  ,  ,, 
6 
0 
8  0 
2 
0 
2 
6 
„  yellow,  „ 
6  0 
8  0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
,,  terra  cotta  ,, 
6  0 
8  0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
,,  scarlet  ,, 
4 
0 
6  0 
9 
0 
12 
0  1  Violets,  doz.  bun. 
1 
0 
1  3 
,,  Marie  Louise... 
3 
0 
4  0 
8 
0 
9  0 
Trad-e  Catalogues  Received. 
R.  H.  Bath,  Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  'VVisbeeh. — Seeds  and  Florists’’ 
Flowers. 
James  Cocker  and  Sons,  130,  Union  Street,  Aberdeen. — See ’s  and 
Bedding  Plants. 
Clibrans,  10  and  12,  Market  Street,  Manchester. —  (1)  New  Chrys¬ 
anthemums  ;  (2)  Farm  Seeds. 
Dickson’s  Royal  Seed  Warehouses,  Chester. — Farm  Seeds. 
The  Four  Oaks  Nursery  and  Carden  Sundries  Co.,  Fern  Lea,  Four 
Oaks,  Birmingham. — Mamial  for  1903. 
Little  and  Ballantine,  Carlisle. — Farm  Seeds. 
Perry’s  Hardy  Plant  Farm,  Winehmore  Hill,  London,  N. — Hardy 
Plants  (Parts  1  and  2). 
Nathan  Smith  &  Son.  Adrian,  Michigan,  U.S.A. — Novelties. 
John  Thornton,  Lumb  Hall  Nurseries,  Drighlington. — Seeds,  Dahlias, 
Chrysanthemums,  etc. 
Toogood  and  Sons,  Southampton. — Farm  Seeds. 
Thomas  S.  Ware  (1902),  Ltd.,  Feltham,  M'lddleseji.— Hardy  Perennials. 
W.  Watson  &  Sons,  Clontarf  Nurseries,  Dublin.  —  ^‘■Familiar 
Floivers.'” 
Two  Noted  Breeds  of  Dairy  Cows. 
That  there  are  a  good  many  cows  in  milk  that  can 
hardly  be  termed  good  dairy  cows  is  pretty  evident  to 
anyone  who  will  be  at  the  trouble  of  testing  the  doings  of 
the  average  cow  on  the  average  farm.  By  the  average  cow 
we  mean  the  female  bovine  w’hich  has  been  bred  without 
any  special  care  as  to  what  ought  to  be  her  distinctive 
duties.  Her  duties,  Ave  will  suppose,  are  the  yearly  produc¬ 
tion  of  a  good  calf,  and  the  production  for  at  least  ten 
months  out  of  every  twelve  of  a  large  quantity  of  milk,  rich 
in  butter-fat.  That  we  take  is  the  principal  end  and  aim 
of  a  cow’s  existence.  Of  course,  she  must  be  beef  some 
time,  but  as  that  beef  cannot  be  of  the  best  quality,  we  are 
not  at  present  taking  that  into  consideration. 
This  is  an  age  of  record  keeping,  and  very  wisely  so, 
too.  There  is  nothing  to  beat  figures  save  facts,  and  if 
the  two  are  combined  as  they  should  be,  a  correct  unde^ 
standing  must  be  annved  at.  It  is  keen  competition  which 
is  in  a  measure  responsible  for  this  record  keeping  and 
this  constant  testing  of  capabilities.  A  man  with  a  daip^ 
of  cows  makes  so  much  per  gallon  of  his  milk  ;  his  neigh¬ 
bour,  with  the  same  number  of  cows,  also  sells  his  milk 
per  gallon  at  the  same  price,  but  the  difference  is  this : 
that  he  has  more  gallons  to  dispose  of,  and  so  therefore 
has  a  larger  incoming.  The  first  man  is  a  loser,  and  must 
continue  to  be  so  till  he  has  found  out  where  the  weak  spot 
in  his  armour  is,  and  has  repaired  the  breach.  To  do  this 
each  individual  cow  must  be  put  to  test ;  her  milk  yield  for 
a  few  days  or  a  week  carefully  entered  against  her  name, 
and  its  value  in  butter-fat  noted.  It  will  soon  be  seerq 
then,  which  cow  is  not  up  to  the  approved  standard,  and 
possibly  it  may  be  found  that  all  fall  short  more  or  less. 
There  ma-^  be  faults  in  feeding,  in  the  milking,  or  in  the 
cows  themselves ;  these  are  matters  that  call  for 
closest  personal  attention  of  the  owner.  The  two  first 
faults  may  be  rectified,  and  a  test  taken  again  ;  and  if  the 
result  is  no  better,  we  should  fear  the  cows  themselves  will 
have  to  be  dealt  with  stringently.  Like  the  barren  Fig 
tree,  they  must  be  removed  for  more  valuable  occupiers. 
The  proper  breeding  of  good  dairy  cows  is  an  enter¬ 
prise  that  cannot  be  entered  on  lightly.  It  requires,  shall 
we  say,  mature  judgment,  great  patience,  and  a  long 
purse.  Like  all  other  great  enterprises,  it  is  full  of 
interest,  and  when  matured  much  pecuniaiy  benefit  will  be 
reaped.  We  have  read  lately  of  two  rather  celebrated 
dairy  herds  (quite  distinct  breeds),  and  both  provide  matter 
of  great  interest  to  those  of  us  who  are  already  engaged 
in,  or  are  thinking  of  adopting  the  milk  trade.  The  ^st 
to  w’hich  we  would  call  attention  is  the  Jersey  herd  of  Dr. 
Watney,  Buckhold,  Pangboume.  Last  summer,  when  the 
B.  D.  Farmers  were  on  tour,  his  w^as  one  of  the  herds 
visited.  At  that  time  there  were  thirty-three  cows  milk¬ 
ing,  and  all  a  picked  lot,  bred  for  milk  and  butter,  with 
uniformly  large  and  well-filled  udders.  The  herd  wa^ 
founded  in  1886,  and  the  greatest  care  has  been  taken  by 
the  owner  to  breed  only  the  very  best  (from  a  dairy  point  of 
view).  They  must  come  out  well  in  the  milk  test,  or  are 
at  once  weeded  out.  If  they  cannot  give  sufficient  milk 
it  is  hopeless  to  expect  the  greatest  possible  amount  of 
butter.  This  is  in  practice  treating  cows  as  though 
they  were  machines  ;  so  much  good  food,  care  and  atten¬ 
tion,  so  much  butter.  No  milk  is  sold,  that  is,  new  milk  , 
the  separated  is  given  to  the  labourers,  or  sold  to  neigh- 
bouring  farmers.  The  cows  are  dry  for  about  six  weeks  m 
the  year,  but  every  cow  in  the  herd  that  has  been  milked 
is  included  when  the  butter  average  per  cow  is  taken. 
In  1901  the  greatest  yield  Avas  Red  Maple,  550lb  butter. 
Three  cows  gave  over  500lb,  and  the  average  for  thirty-nine 
cows  Avas  3941b.  In  1900  the  highest  record  Avas  made  by 
Lavanga,  Avith  569lb,  and  the  average  of  thirty-eight  cow” 
was  376lb.  „  ^  , 
In  1899  Maryatt’s  Lass  gave  544lb,  and  the  average  for 
thirty-three  coavs  Avas  3981b.  The  average  quantity  of  milk 
