March  19,  1903 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
2G1 
symmetrical,  tlie  tree  obtaining  a  better  hold  of  the  soil.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  roots  from  a  cutting,  and  even  the  Paradise  stock, 
from  a  layer,  start  out  at  the  bottom,  and  spread  out  horizon¬ 
tally,  and  do  not  give  the  tree  a  deep  hold  of  the  soil,  hence 
favouring  a  corresponding  dwarfed  top  growth  and  early  bearing. 
We  should  certainly  raise  trees  from  cuttings,  and  select  the 
varieties  that  succeed  best  on  their  own  roots,  either  as  per¬ 
manencies  for  bearing,  or  for  furnishing  stocks  whereon  to  bud 
or  graft  varieties  that  do  not  thrive  or  bear  well  and  produce 
fine  fniit  on  their  own  roots. 
COIMMUNICATIONS  RECEIVED.— Henry  J.  Clayton, 
E.  Cope,  W.  F.,  W.  G.,  Stancliffe  Estates  Co.,  Ltd.  ;  J.  Swaine, 
.Vlex.  Wallace,  W.  L.,  photo  received;  T.  L.,  A.  Dickson  and 
Sons,  Ltd.,  S.  and  Sons,  W.R.,  Portable  Building  Co.,  Ltd., 
W.A.,  J.  W.  T.,  G.  H.,  G.  H.  H.,  J.  J.  (will  publish  essay); 
H.  D.,  T.  G.  D.,  J.  P.  and  S.,  Ed.  M.,  D.  C.,  G.  A.,  W.  B., 
T.  W.  P.,  J.  P.,  H.  K.,  X.,  Secretary  of  the  Dorchester  Horti¬ 
cultural  Society,  G.  A.,  H.  Day,  M.  M.,  M.  G.,  R.  D., 
Editor  of  “  The  Garden,”  J.  B.  Sowerby,  Income-Tax  Recovery 
Agency,  Chas.  Clark  and  Co.,  W.  Wilks,  J.  W.  (full  name  should 
be  written). 
NAMES  OF  PLANTS. — Correspondents  whose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  present  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (P.  J.). — 1,  Eurya  latifolia ;  2,  Acacia  longifolia  ; 
3,  Cypripedium  villosuin  ;  4,  Begonia  ulmifolia.  (J.  B.). — 1,  Cymbidium 
eburneum ;  2,  Scilla  amoena;  3,  S.  bifolia  alba;  4,  Draba  azoides  ; 
5,  Forsythia  suspensa. 
Covent  Garden  Market.— March  18th. 
Apples,  culinary,  bush 
Bananas . 
Grapes,  Alicantes 
,,  Col  man  . 
Artichokes,  green,  doz. 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve 
Batavia,  doz . 
Beet,  red,  doz 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Fruit. 
s.  d.  s.  d  s.  d.  s.  d 
3  0  to  6  0  Cobs  and  Filberts,  lb.  0  4  to  0  0 
10  0  15  0  Lemons,  Messina,  case  10  0  15  0 
2  0  2  6  Oranges,  case  .  10  0  20  0 
2  6  3  0  Pines,  St.  Michael’s  2  6  5  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Yegetables. 
s.  d.  s.  d  I  s.  d.  s.  d 
2  0  to  3  0  Leeks,  bunch  .  0  2to0  2^ 
0  0  Lettuce,  Cabbage,  doz.  1  ' 
0  0  Mushrooms,  forced,  lb.  0 
1  6 
2  0 
0  6 
Brussels  Sprouts,^-sieve  16  0  0 
1  0  Mustard  &  Cress,  doz. 
Cabbages,  tally  .  3  0 
Carrots,  bunch  .  0  2 
Cauliflowers,  doz.  ...  1  6 
Corn  Salad,  strike  ...  1  0 
Cucumbers  doz .  6  0 
Endive,  jjoz .  1  6 
Herbs,  bunch  .  0  2 
Horseradish,  bunch  ...  2  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. 
Aralias,  doz . 
Araucaria,  doz.  ... 
Aspidistra,  doz.  ... 
Cinerarias,  doz.  ... 
Crotons,  doz. 
Cyperus  alternifolius 
doz . 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.  .. 
,,  viridis,  doz. , 
punnets 
5  0  Onions,  bushel  . 
0  0  Parsley,  doz.  bnehs.  ... 
2  0  Potatoes,  cwt . 
1  3  Radishes,  doz . 
8  0  Spinach,  bush . 
0  0  Tomatoes,  Canary  Isles, 
0  0  per  case  . 
2  6  Turnips,  bnch . 
Plants  in  Pots. 
0  0 
0  0 
3  0 
6  0 
1  0 
0  0 
4  6 
0  2 
,,  Wilmoreana 
Ferns,  var.,  doz.  ... 
,,  small,  100... 
Arums,  doz . 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bnch. 
Bouvardia,  coloured, 
doz.  bunches  ... 
Carnations,  12  blooms 
Cattleyas,  doz . 
Croton  foliage,  bun.  ... 
Cycas  leaves,  each 
Cypripediums,  doz.  ... 
Daffodils,  single,  doz. 
bnch . 
,,  double,  doz. 
bnch . 
Eucharis,  doz . 
Freesia,  white,  doz. 
bnch . 
Gardenias,  doz . 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnehs . 
Ivy  leaves,  doz.  bun. ... 
Lilium  Harris!  . 
,,  lancifoliumalb. 
,,  1.  rubrum . 
,,  longiflorum  ... 
Lily  of  Valley,  12  bnehs 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
bnehs . 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d 
5  0tol2  0 
Ficus  elastiea,  doz.  ... 
9 
0tol2 
0 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var,  each 
1 
0 
5  0 
18 
0 
36 
0 
GreA’illeas,  48’s,  doz.  ... 
5 
0 
0  0 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Lycopodiums,  doz.  ... 
3 
0 
0 
0 
18 
0 
30 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6 
0 
9 
6 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Palms,  in  var.,  doz.  ... 
15  0 
30  0 
12 
0 
30 
0 
,,  specimens 
21 
0 
63 
0 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Pandanus  Veitchi,  48’s, 
24 
0 
30 
0 
doz . 
24 
0 
30 
0 
10  0 
15 
0 
Primulas  . 
4 
0 
5 
0 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Shrubs,  in  pots  . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
10  0 
16 
0 
Spiraias,  5in.  pots 
9 
0 
10 
0 
Vholesale  Prices.— Cut  Ilowers 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d 
s. 
d.- 
s. 
d 
2 
0to3 
0 
Marguerites,  white, 
1 
0 
2 
0 
doz.  bnehs . 
3 
0to4 
0 
,,  yellow,  doz.  bnehs. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Myrtle,  English,  per 
1 
3 
1 
9 
bunch  . 
0 
6 
0 
0 
10 
0 
12 
0 
Narcissus,  Sol  d’Or,  doz. 
1 
0 
1 
6 
0 
9 
1 
0 
,,  paper  Avhite,  ,, 
2 
0 
2 
6 
0 
9 
1 
6 
,,  Poeticus,  doz  bnehs 
2 
0 
3  0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
,,  Grand  Primo  ,, 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Odontoglossums . 
4 
0 
5 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Orange  blossom,  bunch 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Roses,  Niphetos,  white. 
- 
1 
0 
2 
0 
doz . 
1 
6 
2  0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
,,  pink,  doz . 
2 
0 
4 
0 
,,  yelloAv,doz.(Perles) 
1 
6 
2 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
,,  Liberty,  doz . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
3 
0 
5 
0 
,,  Generals . 
2 
6 
4 
0 
Smilax,  bunch  . 
3  6 
3  0 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Tuberoses,  dozen . 
0  9 
1 
0 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Tulips,  pink,  doz. bnch. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
3 
0 
4 
0 
,,  Avhite,  ,, 
6 
0 
8 
0 
2 
0 
2 
6 
,,  yellow,  „ 
6 
0 
8 
0 
•2 
0 
0 
0 
,,  terra  cotta  ,, 
6 
0 
8 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
,,  scarlet  ,, 
4 
0 
6 
0 
9 
0 
12 
0  ' 
Violets,  doz.  bun. 
1 
0 
1 
3 
,,  Marie  Louise... 
3 
0 
4 
0 
8 
0 
9 
0 
The  Wages  Question. 
A  good  many  of  us  are  considering  a  rather  serious 
question  just  now.  In  certain  parts  of  England  the  labourer 
Avith  a  cottage  terminates  his  yearly  engagement  on  May  13. 
The  usual  practice  is  to  give  three  months’  notice  on  either 
side.  It  is  not  legally  necessary,  but  the  custom  of  the 
country  has  made  it  an  unwritten  law.  Now,  the  labourer 
has  a  much  better  chance  of  getting  suited  than  his  master. 
We  take  up  one  or  more  of  the  local  weeklies  ;  column  after 
column  of  advertisements  from  the  master,  not  one  from 
the  man.  He  does  not  spend  his  money  in  newspaper 
offices.  No  need.  Some  masters  have  been  advertising  for 
weeks,  and  maybe  have  weeks  still  in  prospect.  We  are 
looking  for  a  man  now  to  go  with  two  horses,  plough,  and 
stack,  and  are  offering  £l  and  a  good  cottage,  and  the  offer 
goes  all  unheeded.  A  friend  who  has  what  is  called  a  coav 
cottage,  i.e.,  accommodation  for  a  cow  and  ai  free  summer’s 
run,  a  model  cottage  Avith  large  garden,  also  asks  in  vain. 
Men  do  not  care  for  cows  now ;  too  much  trouble.  At  one 
time  a  coav  was  the  panacea  for  all  ills.  We  heard  of  one 
cheering  circumstance.  One  good  man  has  returned  from 
dray  work  in  the  town ;  cannot  stand  that  5s.  6d.  per  week 
rent  and  no  garden.  Money  does  not  go  as  far  as  he 
thought  it  Avould.  He  appreciates  a  good  cottage  rent  free, 
and  garden  stuff.  It  is  a  puzzle  to  us  why  so  many  still 
hang  to  the  toAAms  ;  we  suspect  it  is  the  wife  who  likes  the 
more  cheerful  gas  lighted  surroundings.  There  are  some 
weeks  still  to  May  Day,  and  men  perhaps  may  turn  up  ;  but 
they  are  long  in  responding.  We  hear  much  about  the 
cottages  being  insanitary,  but  in  the  instances  that  come 
under  our  personal  knowledge  the  cottages  are  all  that  can 
be  desired.  This  is  not  the  reason.  Not  only  that  they  are 
good,  but  they  are  near  the  work,  which  ought  to  be  an 
advantage. 
It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  these  yearly  labourets 
are  paid  during  times  of  slackness,  should  thev  occur ;  and 
that  no  deductions  are  made  for  what  to  other  men  AA'ould 
be  broken  time  occasioned  by  bad  Aveather.  We  heard  only 
to-day  of  a  man  suffering  from  pneumonia,  whose  master 
had  provided  him  for  three  weeks  Avith  a  trained  nurse, 
all  the  milk  and  other  nourishing  food  he  could  take.  The 
nurse  is  taking  her  meals  and  resting  in  the  master  s  house. 
A  farmer’s  wife  never  considers  her  milk  and  eggs  if  there 
is  sickness  in  the  cottage  of  one  of  her  husband  s  seryants. 
We  do  not  think  the  toAvn  employer  shoAvs  more  considera¬ 
tion. 
Professor  Long  has  a  feAV  remarks  to  make  this  Aveek  in 
a  contemporary  respecting  this  question  of  wages.  He  is 
comparing  our  wages  AA-dth  those  of  the  other  European 
Avorkers,  and  AA^e  think  Ave  come  out  favourably.  We  do 
not  like  to  read  of  the  low  wages  of  Dorset,  Wiltshire,  Nor¬ 
folk,  and  Suffolk,  Avhich  run  from  12s.  to  14s.  5d.  Durham 
and  Northumberland  come  first,  and  the  average  is  20s.  6d. 
Middlesex,  Lancashire,  Kent,  Derbyshire,  and  Surrey  follow 
close  after  Avith  19s.  It  is  in  truly  rural  counties  that  the 
pay  is  the  lowest,  there  being  no  other  competing  indus¬ 
tries.  There  are  other  things  besides  money  payments 
which  fall  to  the  lot  of  the  labourer ;  cheap  milk  (often  so 
cheap  as  to  be  had  for  the  asking).  Potatoes,  cider,  beer, 
cheap  allotments,  pigs,  and  work  in  the  holidays  for  the 
bigger  children.  He  has  free  wood,  too,  in  many  places, 
which  is  easy  of  attainment.  A  big  cartload  of  tops  for  2s. 
or  often  received  as  a  free  gift.  In  the  matter  of  coals  a. 
master  will  arrange  for  a  truck  load  at  Avholesale  prices,  and 
Avillingly  lends  carts  for  transport  purposes.  On  a  fann  we 
knoAA%  in  fact,  Ave  might  say  on  several,  the  master  takes 
care  that  his  men  shall  have  their  due  share  of  rabbits. 
We  will  turn  to  the  labourer  beyond  the  “  silver  streak.” 
A  Frenchman  Avill  get  as  much  as  Is.  5d.  per  day;  this  is 
the  top  figure.  He  is  a  frugal  man,  and  knows  hoAV  to  make 
the  best  of  his  money,  the  purchasing  poAver  of  Avhich  is 
