April  2,  19C3. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
303 
The  Orange  Under-wing  Moth. 
This  moth  is  found  during  the  whole  of  March  and  in  early 
April  flying  about  the  blossoms  of  Willows  and  Sallows,  especi¬ 
ally  in  woods.  It  measures  rather  more  than  an  inch  across  its 
upper  wings  when  fully  opened.  These  are  brown,  marked  with 
several  obscure  w’hitish  streaks;  but  the  two  furthest  from  the 
body  are  more  distinct ;  between  these  two  streaks  and  the  body 
is  a  whitish,  oval  spot,  with  a  dusky  margin.  The  hind,  or  under 
wings,  are  of  a  dull  orange  colour,  rvith  black  margins,  and  an 
imperfect  streak  in  the  middle,  of  the  same  colour.  The 
antennie  (or  “horns”  or  “feelers”)  are  like  a  comb,  having 
side  lines;  but  the  antennfe  of  the  females  are  smooth.  The 
caterpillars  appear  in  May,  are  yellowish  green,  with  a  blackish 
line  down  each  side,  and  are  often  verj^  destructive  to  the  leaves 
of  Poplars  and  Willows. 
Young  Gardeners’  Domain.* 
Flowering  Shrubs. 
Strolling  through  one  of  the  most  interesting  .spots  in  the 
Bodorgan  Pleasure  Grounds  a  few  weeks  back,  namely,  “  The 
American  Garden,”  which  is  chiefly  composed  of  the  most 
beautiful  of  flowering  shrubs,  I  was  attracted  by  a  large  shrub  of 
Berberis  Darwini.  My  remark  to  a  journeyman  with  me  at  the 
time  was:  “Is  not  that  beautiful.^”  I  have  noticed  for  some 
time  past  how  profusely  it  has  flowered.  Garrya  elliptica,  now 
past  flowering,  does  well  also  trained  to  the  back  of  a  wall. 
Choysia  temata  flourishes  also  without  any  protection  in  winter. 
Zenobia  (Andromeda)  speciosa  is  now  a  mass  of  its  Lily  of  the 
•Valley-like  blossoms,  while  Escallonia  macrantha,  Buddleia 
globo.sa,  Veronica  Hendersoni,  Osmanthus  variegatus,  and 
Chimonanthus  fragrans  also  thrive  in  the  garden.  These  are  all 
worthy  of  note. — G.  S.  J.,  Bodorgan. 
An  Insight  to  Bothydom. 
By  your  kind  invitation  I  am  making  my  first  attempt  to  write 
to  the  Young  Gardeners’  Domain.  My  letter  conveys  advice  for 
the  young  fellows  entering  the  bothy  for  the  first  time.  What 
fine  gardeners  there  might  be  Avere  more  of  them  to^  make  better 
use  of  their  time  Avhen  in  the  bothy.  But  still  it  is  very  hard  for 
young  men,  Avhen  they  have  to  deal  Avith  their  older  mates,  Avho 
are  nothing  more  to  them  than  mere  bullies.  Hoaa^  many  of  them, 
from  the  time  Avork  is  over,  neAmr  think  of  reading  a  garden  book 
or  paper?  The  general  saying  is:  “  AAA’ay  Avith  the  tea  things 
young  ’un,  and  let’s  have  the  cards  out !”  and  hoAv  many  of  the 
“young  ’uns  ”  have  the  pluck  to  ,.Say,  “No!”  to  the  bullies  and 
those  evil  cards?  Take  my  oAvn' experience  as  an  example;  how 
many  times  have  I  had  various  articles  throAvn  at  me,  such  as 
boots,  candlesticks,  &c.,  just  to  .show  me  that  there  was  no  ill- 
feeling  existing  betAA  een  us  ?  and  I  even  know  of  one  Avho  Avas 
ducked  in  the  greenhouse  tank  because  he  would  not  smoke  and 
play  cards.  I  am  very  thankful,  myself,  that  I  was  man  enough 
to  Avithstand  the  Avords  and  bloAvs,  rather  than  be  led  into  card 
playing  and  various  other  things  that  Avill  never  make  a  gardener 
of  anyone. 
Some  will  ,say  it  is  all  very  well  to  talk  like  that,  but  my 
young  friends,  be  men  and  have  a  will  of  your  OAvn,  and  learn  to 
say  “  No!”  you  Avill  then  very  soon  find  that  your  tormentors  will 
cease  interfering  Avith  you,  and  you  will  be  left>  to  study  your 
books  in  peace.  By  that  I  consider  that  I  gained  my  .success,  as 
I  am  only  just  out  of  my  teens,  and  I  hold  a  position  Avhich  feAV 
do  at  my  age.  Well,  I  hope  my  advice  Avill  not  be  but  of  place, 
as  I  consider  the  young  felloAvs  start  in  the  bothy  is  one  that 
should  be  thought  A-ery  .seriously  of. — B.  V.  [A  Avell-penned 
letter,  and  one  that  requires  no  comment  from  us. — Ed.] 
Trad-e  Catalogues  Received. 
.J.  Cheal  and  Sons,  LoAvfield  Nurseries,  CraAvley,  Sussex. — Dahlias. 
Pinehurst  Nurseries,  Pinchurst,  North  Carolina,  U.S.A. — Woody  and 
Herbaceous  Plants. 
John  Hobson.  BoAvdon  Nurseries,  Hale  Road  Altrincham. — General 
Nursery  Stock. 
.las.  StredAvick  and  Son,  Sih-ei-hill  Park,  St.  Leonards-on-Sea.— 
Dahlias.  _ 
COMMUNICATIONS  RECEIVED.— W*.  N.  B.,  J.  A.  Car- 
negie-Cheales,  S.  J.,  C.,  S.,  and  Co.,  Ltd.,  C.  B.,  R.  Weichsel 
and  Co.,  W.  Oldham,  W*.  L.  (  will  u.se  photos,  many  thanks),  R.  D., 
G.  P.  M.,  H.  D.,  Mrs.  F.,  J.  T.,  F.  M.  R.,  L.  M., 
J.  B.,  T.  B.,  J.  J.  T.,  N.  C.  C.,  R.  S.,  SandoAv’s  Developer  Co., 
G.  H.  (matter  has  been  crowded  out),  F.  G.  D.  (croAvded  out), 
W.  D.,  Swanley  Horticultural  College,  M.  Ch.  Siegen,  P.  Murray 
Thomson,  A.  ‘j.  Monro,  Emigrants’  Information  Office,  W. 
Williamson,  G.  Grant,  G.  A.,  W.  Ford. _ 
•  The  editor  invites  young  gardeners  Avho  are  readers  to  contribute  to  the 
Domain,  and  he  will  at  all  times  endeavour  to  ensure  the  publication  of  their 
letters. 
WOKK.fo^theWEEK. 
Fruit  Forcing. 
PEACHES  AND  NECTARINES:  EARLIEST  HOUSE.— 
The  A'ery  early  varieties  Alexander  and  Waterloo  Peaches,  Avith 
Advance  and  Cardinal  Nectarines,  have  completed  their  stoning 
process,  and  are  closely  folloAved  in  this  respect  by  Early  Louise 
Peach  and  Early  Rivers  Nectarine.  These  very  early  varieties 
should  be  groAvn  in  a  house  by  themselves:,  so  that  AAdien  the 
stoning  is  completed  the  fruit  may  be  accelerated  in  ripening 
by  an  increased  temperature,  but  it  is  not  adAdsable  to  exceed 
65deg  at  night,  or  70deg  to  75deg  by  day  from  fire  heat,  A^enti- 
lating  at  the  top  of  the  house  constantly,  ju.st  a-  little  to  insure 
a  circulation  of  air,  because  the  groAA’ths  are  liable  to  become 
attenuated  when  the  atmosphere  is  Avarm,  close,  and  moist.  It 
is  different  under  sun  heat,  as  evaporation  is  going  oh,  and 
assimilation  taking  place  to  a  much  larger  extent,^  therefore^ the 
temperature  may  be  kept  through  the  day  at  75deg  to  8odeg 
from  sun  heat,  ventilating  at  the  top  of  the  house  at  75deg,  and 
opening  the  front  at  80deg,  so  as  to  secure  an  effective  circulation, 
as  moisture  deposited  on  the  fruit  may  result  in  “  spot.”  Close 
the  house  at  80deg,  and  sufficiently  early  to  alloAv  a  rise  tO'  85deg 
or  OOdeg,  the  trees  being  syringed.  Tliis  atmospheric  moisture 
wdll  cause  the  fruit  to  sAvell  to  a  great  size,  Alexander  and 
Waterloo  Peaches  attaining  lOin  in  circumference.  Employ 
clear  rain  Avator,  and  have  the  fruit  dry  before  nightfall. 
Syringing  the  trees  must  cease  directly  the  fruit.s  commence 
ripening,  otherwise  the  skins  may  become  rough  or  cracked,  and 
then  they  are  spoiled  in  appearance,  and  have  a  musty  flavour 
Avlien  ripe.  A  genial  condition  of  the  atmosphere  should  bo 
maintained  for  the  benefit  of  the  foliage  by  damping  the  floor 
twice  a  day,  and  keeping  the  mulching  on  the  border  moistened 
as  it  becomes  dry. 
THE  SECOND  EARLY  VARIETIES.— Hale’.s  Early,  A  Bee, 
Early  Alfred,  Dr.  Hogg,  and  Rivers’  Early  York  Peaches,  with 
Rivers’  Early,  Lord  Napier,  Goldoni,  Darwin,  and  Rivers’  Orange 
Nectarines,  started  iii  December  have  scarcely  finished  stoning, 
and  they  must  not  have  a  temperature  exceeding  60deg  to  65deg 
at  night  and  70deg  to  75deg  hy  day  Avith  gleams  of  sun.  Allow 
5deg  to  lOdeg  more  from  sun  heat,  Avith  a  free  circulation  of  air. 
The  midseason  varieties,  such  as  Stirling  Castle,  Royal  George, 
Dymond,  and  Crimson  Galande,  also  Grosse'  Mignonne  and 
Violette  Hative  Peaches,  which  combine  high  colour  Avith  first- 
class  quality,  and  all  points  considered,  unrivalled  for  forcing,  arc 
still  late  in  stoning,  as  also  are  StauAvick  Elruge,  Drj’den,  and 
Humboldt  Nectarines;  therefore,  when  a  number  of  varieties  are 
groAvn  in  the  same  house,  the  temperature  must  be  regulated  so 
as  to  suit  the  later  varieties.  Pay  particular  attention  to  the 
Av^atering ;  keep  the  border  mulched  AA’ith  SAveet,  rather  lumpy 
manure,  about  an  inch  thick,  and  afford  liquid  maniiie  Avhen 
necessary,  or  top-dressings  of  fertilisers  washed  in,  but  avoid 
encouraging  sappy  groAvtlis  by  excessive  and  needless  supplies. 
Stop  or  remove  all  gross  groAA’ths  before  they  have  time  to  draAv 
th0  suppliGS  of  sap  from  tlio  weakoi*  parts  of  tlio  tr'SGS,  but  allov/ 
leading  shoots,  particularly  of  young  trees,  to  extend  over  un¬ 
covered  parts  of  the  trellis,  pinching  out  the  points  Avhen  the 
fruits  bogpn.  to  tak©  thoir  last  swelling,  or  they  may  be  |mt  their 
full  length  when  sturdy  and  short  jointed.  Remove  the  leaves 
over  or  in  front  of  the  fruit,  and  turn  the  latter  up  to  the  light 
bv  thin  laths  placed  across  the  trellis,  AAuth  the  apex  pointing 
in  the  direction  of  the  most  light,  so  that  the  colour  may  be 
most  pronounced  there,  and  the  fruit  highly  flaA’oured. 
DISBUDDING,  and  the  shoots  that  are  to  .succeed  those  noAV 
fruiting,  having  been  properly  attended  to,  there  aaIH  not  be 
any  more  growths  than  will  be  recjuired  for  next  years  bem^ing, 
the  extension  of  the  tree,  or  for  attracting  the  sap  to  the  fruit. 
Gross  shoots  are  best  removed  as  they  appropriate  an  undue 
amount  of  sap,  often  fall  a  prey  to  gumming  and  cause  unequal 
vigour  in  the  branches  of  the  tree.  Pinch  laterals  at  tli®  yst 
leaf.  Shoots  retained  to  attract  the  sap  to  the  fruit  ought  to 
be  stopped  in  the  first  instance  at  three  or  four  .joints  of  growth 
Endeavour  to  provide  an  equal  distribution  of  foliage  that  will 
shade  and  protect  the  strong  wood  from  the.  direct  rays  of  the 
sun  as  the  season  advances,  as  they  are  liable  to  become  sunburnt 
or  dried,  and  the  channels  that  convey  the  sap  are  thus^  con¬ 
tracted  Besides,  such  condition  invites  attacks  of  the  Peach 
boring  Woeberian  moth  caterpillar.  Avoid  overcrowding  the 
foliage,  not  permitting  more  shoots  than  can  have  full  exposure 
to  light  and  air. 
VENTILATE  EARLY,  but  carefully,  aAmiding  sudden  depre.s- 
sions  of  temperature  and  cold  currents.  Thin  the  points  where 
too  thickly  placed,  not  overdoing  it.  With  the  trees  in  good 
