390 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
April  30,  1903. 
“  Around  the  boundary  wall  of  the  annexe,  which  was  semi¬ 
circular,  were  groups  of  hardwooded  plants,  many  of  the  speci¬ 
mens  of  Acacias,  Boronias,  Ericas,  &c.,  being  unique  in  size  and 
profuseness  of  flowering.  Between  these  and  the  Azaleas  were 
beds  of  miscellaneous  plants  composed  of  groups  of  Imanto- 
phyllums.  Rhododendrons,  Orange  trees  loaded  with  their  small 
bright  yellow  fruits.  Hydrangeas,  and  other  greenhouse  plants 
in  flower.  In  some  small  intervening  beds  Primulas,  Calceo¬ 
larias.  tinerarias.  Pelargoniums,  and  other  dwarf  plants  were 
arranged,  and  provided  welodme  variety.  Last,  but  not  least, 
uere  the  English-grown  Amai'yllises  from  Messrs.  Ker,  of  Liver¬ 
pool,  placed  in  a  group  immediately  below  the  point  of  view.  A 
few  Tree  Ferns  here,  and  a  Palm  or  two  there,  gave  pleasant 
greenery  among  such  brilliant  colouring.  English  exhibitors  at 
the  Ghent  Quinquennial  Show  were  but  three  in  number, 
^lessrs.  Sander  and  Sons,  St.  Albans  and  Bruges,  exhibited  new 
plants;  Messrs.  R.  P.  Ker  and  Sons,  Liveiqroql,  Amaryllis;  and 
Messrs.  Cannell  and  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent,  Zonal  Pelargoniums. 
“  The  features  of  the  Ghent  Quinquennial  Exhibition  that 
most  impressed  the  Ausitor  were  the  excellent  culture  of  the 
plants  shown  and  their  admirable  arrangement.  Perhaps  with 
the  completion  of  the  new  Horticultural  Hall  there  Avill  dawn 
a  new  era  in  the  arrangement  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society’s  flower  exhibitions,  and  the  wooden  staging  of  the 
present  will  be  partially,  if  not  wholly,  dispensed  with.  If  .such 
should  come  to  pass  it  is  more  than  probable  that  many  pro¬ 
vincial  horticulture  societies  would  follow  so  excellent  an 
example,  and  British  flower  shows  no  longer  be  inferior  to  those 
on  the  Continent  in  the  matter  of  effective  arrangement. 
“  Orcliids  were  splendidly  shown  by  M.  A.  A.  Peeters, 
Bru.ssels.  His  groups  contained  many  lovely  flowers,  several 
new  and  many  rare ;  but,  generally  speaking,  the  remaining 
exhibits  of  Orchids  were  not  remarkable,  neither  was  excep¬ 
tionally  good  culture  evident.  Palms  Avere  magnificent,  and 
Cycads  also.  The  collections  of  Aroids,  Bromeliads,  and  hard- 
Avooded  plants,  too,  were  remarkable  alike  for  their  cultural 
excellence  and  A'ariety,  and  a  great  number  of  new  and  note- 
Avorthy  plants  Avere  .shoAvn.  NotAvithstanding  the  inevitable  in¬ 
clusion  in  such  an  immense  exhibition  of  many  plants  of  but 
ordinary  interest,  there  Avas  much  to  praise  in  this  exhibition 
of  La  Societe  Royale  d’ Agriculture  et  de  Botanique  de  Gand. 
Its  president,  Le  Comte  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  and  secre¬ 
tary,  M.  E.  Fierens,  have  reason  to  be  proud  of  their  efforts.” 
iSP^/L 
HE  BEE-KEEPER. 
.  I  .  1 . 1  .  I  j-p 
The  Flower  and  the  Honey  Bee 
We  are  all  well  aocjuainted  Avith  the  time-Avorn  saying,  “  As 
busy  as  a  bee,”  yet  Iioav  feAv  of  us  are  aAvare  of  the  real  Avork 
of  these  most  interesting  creatures!  Most  people  have  noticed 
the  bee  flitting  from  floAver  to  floAver,  but  feAV  have  asked. 
What  is  the  mission  of  these  insects  ?  Of  course,  the  bee  is  in 
search  of  nectar  and  pollen.  The  former  is  a  SAveet  juice  secreted 
at  the  base  of  the  floAver,  Avhilst  the  latter  is  that  dust  of  various 
colours  Avith  Avhich  Ave  are  all  so  Avell  acquainted.  The  insect,  by 
the  aid  of  its  proboscis  or  trunk,  collects  the  SAveet  juice,  Avhich 
it  passes  into  a  small  bag.  Whilst  the  liquid  is  in  the  body  of 
the  bee  it  undergoes  a  chemical  change,  and  Avheii  the  load  is 
disgorged  into  a  cell  in  the  hive,  it  is  called  honey.  This  is 
stored  for  the  present  and  future  use  of  the  Avhole  colony. 
The  nectar  Avas  not  secreted  by  the  floAver  solely  to  supply  the 
bee  and  many  other  insects  Avith  food.  Nature  placed  it  there 
to  allure  these  agents  in  order  that  pollen  might  be  carried  from 
the  anthers  to  the  stigma,  Avhence  it  is  conveyed  to  the  ovules, 
Avhich  noAV  become  seeds.  Some  of  the  fertilising  dust  remains 
on  the  body  of  the  bee,  and  this  the  creature  collects  by  the  aid 
of  its  legs,  placing  it  near  the  knee  joints  of  its  hindmost  pair, 
and  carrying  it  home  in  the  form  of  pellets  to  be  stored  in  the 
same  manner  as  honey.  This  is  also  a  part  of  the  insects’ 
food,  for  the  honey  is  heat-giving  and  fat-forming,  Avhilst  the' 
pollen  is  the  ti.ssue  builder  and  force-producing  material.  It 
ought  to  be  mentioned  that  the  Avind  also  acts  as  a  distributor  of 
the  fertilising  dusd  AA’hich  Nature  supplies  in  such  profusion. 
If  a  bee  be  closely  observed  it  Avill  be  noticed  that  it  rarely 
A'isits  more  than  one  kind  of  floAA’^er ;  by  this  Ave  mean,  if  Goose¬ 
berries  and  Apples  are  in  bloom  side  by  side,  the  bee  Avill  confine 
its  attention  to  one  or  other  of  the  blooms.  It  has  been  noted, 
too,  by  eminent  botanists  that  the  pollen-bearing  vessels  of  a 
bloom  are  rarely  ripe,  or  ready  to  shed  their  fertili.sing  dust,  Avhen 
its  stigma  is  ready  for  fertilisation.  Should  the  stigma  be  in  a 
receptive  condition  Avhen  the  pollen  of  the  same  bloom  is  shed, 
juany  plants  ha\'e  the  poAver  of  rejecting  this  if  an  insect  bring 
.some  pollen  on  its  haii'y  body  from  another  plant  of  the  same 
kind. 
Most  authorities  are  agreed  that  scent  and  colour  of  the 
blooms  attract  the  bees.  Some  years  ago,  Avhile  pas.sing  a  large 
market  gai’den  in  Cheshire,  I  caught  the  SAveet  scent  of  a  large 
bed  of  Mignonette,  and  obtained  permission  to  enter  the  garden 
to  examine  it.  There  aaus  .scarcely  a  spike  of  bloom  to  be  seen 
but  had  one  or  more  bees  on  it.  Undoubtedly  the  bees  had  been 
attracted  to  that  spot  by  the  same  SAveet  odour  Avhich  droAV  me 
there.  It  is  a  Avell-knoAvn  fact  that,  until  the  bumble  bee  was 
introdiiced  into  Ncav  Zealand,  it  AAas  impossible  for  the  farmers 
of  that  country  to  produce  seed  from  their  crops  of  Red  Clover. — 
Hybla. 
/ 
Obituary. 
Mr.  Andrew  Pettigrew. 
We  regret  to  record  the  death  of  another  man  of  mark  in  gar¬ 
dening,  in  the  per.son  of  Mr.  A.  PettigreAv,  Ca.stle  Gardens,  Car¬ 
diff,  Avho  died  there  on  Sunday  last  in  the  seventieth  year  of  his 
age.  Mr.  PettigreAv  had  been  ailing  for  some  time  past,  but  was 
in  good  health  and  spirits  on  the  occasion  of  the  ShreAv.sbury  ShoAV 
AA'here  Ave  last  met  him. 
Barely  has  the  grave  closed  over  the  remains  of  Archibald 
Barron  ere  Ave  are  called  to  lament  the  death  of  another  eminent 
Scotch  gardener,  AndreAv  PettigreAA- — both  companions  in  labour 
in  youth  at  the  same  gardens,  and  fast  friends  afterAvards  through 
a  long  and  honourable  gardening  career.  After  a  comparatively 
short  and  painful  illness,  borne  with  patient  fortitude,  this 
gentleman  passed  aAA  ay  in  his  seventieth  year  on  Sunday  morn¬ 
ing,  the  26th  inst. ,  at  Cardiff  Castle  Gardens,  after  a  service  of 
upAvards  of  thirty  years.  As  an  all-round,  clever,  and  accom¬ 
plished  gardener,  Mr.  PettigreAv  Avas  Avidely  knoAvn  ;  bub  apart 
fro'm  these  general  qualifications  he  was  specially  distinguished 
as  a  groAver  of  hardy  fruit — Apples  and  Pears  more  particularly, 
as  those  aaTio  have  seen  the  splendid  specimen  trees,  the  result 
of  his  labour  at  Cardiff  Castle,  can  testify. 
As  a  groAver  of  pot  Vines,  in  my  estimation  he  stood  alone — 
far  and  aAvaj'  before  anyone  else  that  I  knoAv  of.  From  eyes 
struck  in  spring  he  succeeded  in  groAving  canes  12ft  long,  of 
immense  strength,  and  perfectly  ripened.  From  these  he 
obtained  the  folloAving  summer  a  crop  of  fruit  of  such  Aveight 
and  quality  as  feAv  long-established  permanent  Vines  could  sur¬ 
pass,  and  this  not  in  isolated  cases  only,  but  every  year  the  same, 
Avithout  a  break.  He  also  specially  excelled  as  a  grower  of 
Melons,  and  tenaciously  held  to  a  system  of  groAA'th  long  given 
up  by  the  majority  of  gardeners — namely,  the  extension  system 
AA’herein  it  is  possible  to  take  tAvo  or  three  crops  off  the  same 
plants  during  the  season.  That  this  system  Avas  a  success  in  his 
hands  is  obA'ious  from  the  lieaA^y  crops  of  enormous  .sized  fruits 
Avhich  he  greAv  so  Avell.  Anyone  Avishing  for  further  information 
on  this  system  of  groAving  Melons  (aaTucIi  is  an  old  one)  may  find 
the  same  in  a  paper  contributed  by  Mr.  Pettigrew  a  few  yeans 
back,  and  read  at  one  of  the  Drill  Hall  meetings,  Avhich  Avas 
afterAvards  published  in  the  R.H.  Society’s  Journal  and  the 
Journal  of  Horticulture. 
Mr.  PettigreAA-’s  name  as  one  of  the  best  British  gardeners  of 
his  day  Avill  be  long  remembered,  but  possibly  his  name  will  be 
longer  remembered  as  being  the  only  gardener  in  Britain  privi¬ 
leged  to  labour  for  many  years  in  association  Avith  the  late 
Marquis  of  Bute  (to  Avhose  generous  encouragement  and  sym¬ 
pathy  in  the  Avork  he  Avas  never  tired  of  alluding)  in  the  en¬ 
deavour  to  establish  vineyards  on  the  sunny  banks  of  the  coast 
of  South  Wales  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  Avines  on  com¬ 
mercial  lines.  By  long  continued  study  and  assiduous  observa¬ 
tion  of  the  management  of  French  vineyards  and  the  French 
methods  of  Avine-making,  he  certainly  succeeded,  not  only  in 
groAving  the  Vines  successfully,  but  also  in  the  manufacture  of 
Avine  of  good  quality  in  favourable  seasons  for  a  period  of  more 
than  twenty  years.  Fortunately  aa'o  have  an  interesting  record 
of  his  labour,  experience,  and  reusults  in  an  essay  he  gave  on  the 
sixbject  before  the  R.H.S.  some  years  ago,  and  Avhich  is  published 
in  their  Journal. 
Amongst  gardening  friends  his  memory  aaTU  be  long  cherished 
for  the  disinterested  kindness  and  hospitality  of  his  nature,  his 
transparent  honesty  of  character,  his  unassuming  manner,  and 
the  geniality  of  companionship  which  ahvays  characterised  hi.s. 
relations  Avith  friends.  FeAv  men  have  been  blessed  with  a 
happier  home  or  supported  in  all  things  by  a  more  helpful  and 
loving  companion  than  he  had  in  Mrs.  Pettigrew,  Avho  survives  to 
mourn  his  loss,  and  to  whom  the  sincere  sympathy  of  a  host  of 
true  friends  Avill  go  forth  in  this  her  great  trial.  In  addition  to 
an  honoured  name,  Mr.  Pettigrew  has  left  behind  him  a  liberal 
legacy  to  horticulture  in  the  shape  of  three  brave  gardener  sons — 
all  old  KeAvites.  and  all  holding  up  the  high  reputation  of  the 
father. — Oaven  Thomas. 
Right  Hon.  R.  W.  Hanbury,  M.P. 
With  deep  regret  AA-e  liaA^e  to  announce  that  the  Right  Hon. 
Robert  William  Hanbui’y,  M.P.,  President  of  the  Board  of  Agri- 
