June  11,  1903: 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER, 
525 
AQUILEGIAS  INJURIOUS  (G.  T.  C.).— We  have  never  heard 
that  garden  Aquilegias  were  injurious,  though  they  may  not 
improve  the  hay. 
INJURED  ROSE  LEAVES  (J.  H.  W.).— We  cannot  diagnose 
the  injury  to  the  Rose  leaves  without  samples,  but  should  answer  : 
1.  There  is  no  permanent  injury,  if  there  is  good  growth  later. 
2.  Prune  later.  The  weather  at  the  end  of  April  wa.s  enough  to 
ruin  all  Rose  foliage  then  in  existence  and  exposed  tO'  the  wind. 
“  J.  H.  W.”  .says  he  always  has  this  curl  on  his  Rose  leaves  what¬ 
ever  the  weather  may  be  in  spring.  He  should  remember  that 
there  are  always  cold  nights,  if  not  actual  frosts,  up  to  the  middle 
of  May.  Ro.ses  ought  to  be  pruned  late  enough  to  escape  this. 
My  foliage  is  good,  biit  it  was  barely  in  existence  before  the 
^niddle  of  May.  The  first  sign  of  mildew  is  a  slight  curl  in  the 
affected  part  of  the  leaf,  but  the  white  mycelium  is  very  soon 
evident. — W.  R.  Raillem. 
STEM  OF  TOMATO  WITH  TISSUE  DISCOLOURED  NEXT 
THE  PITH  (,R.  L.). — Enclosed  is  piece  of  stem  of  a  Tomato 
plant,  which  has  been  attacked  by  disease.  We  have  about  4,009 
plants,  and  this  is  the  only  plant  we  have  found  yet  with  disease. 
Please  let  me  know  the  nature  of  this  disease  if  possible,  as  it 
does  not  appear  to  be  black  stripe'.  It  appears  to  develop  from 
the  bottom  of  the  plant  upwards,  although  the  root  is  cjuite 
clean  and  fresh.  Perhaps  iti  will  not  spread  to  the  same  extent 
as  black  stripe  does. 
[The  stem  is  affected  by  sleeping  disease,  Fusarium  lycoper- 
sici,  which  also- attacks  Cucumbers  and  Melons,  and  also^  Potatoes. 
The  fungus  was  fully  referred  to  in  our  issue  of  June  4,  page  503, 
in  reply  to  “J.  R.  F.,”  to  Avhich  you  are  directed  for  data  as 
to  life  history.  You  are  right  in  noticing  that  it  develops  from 
the  bottom  of  the  steiiT  upwards,  although  the  root  is  quite  clean 
and  fresh,  another  evidence  that  the  disease  attacks  the  radicle, 
or  the  mycelium  of  the  fungus  is  latent  in  the  seed.  We  do  not 
think  the  disease  will  spread  to  other  plants  unless  they  are 
already  infested,  for  the  spores  of  the  fungus  do^  not  appear 
capable  of  attackmg  any  part  of  the  plant  above  ground,  ancl  only 
the  rootlets  after  a  period  of  saprophytic  existence.  It  would, 
hovrever,  be  advisable  to  give  the  soil  about  the  plants  a  good 
dusting  of  air-.slaked  lime,  and  also  dress  the  ground  wdiere  the 
plant  has  been  with  quicklime,  mixing  it  well  with  the  soil.] 
SYRINGING  TOMATOES,  CUCUMBERS,  AND  GRAPES 
WHEN  IN  FLOWER.— COW  AND  HORSE  MANURE  FOR 
TOMATOES  (J.  A.  C.  C.). — (1)  It  is  not  beneficial  to  use  the 
syringe  when  Tomatoes,  Cucumbers,  and  Grapes  are  in  flower, 
for  the  simple  reason  that  it  converts  the  pollen  into  paste  and 
renders  it  practically  indispersible,  and  cc'nsequently  it  does  not 
reach  the  stigma,  fertilisation  being  imj)ossible.  This  does  not 
inatter  in  the  case  of  the  Cucumber,  as  the  fruit  is  better  for  use 
without  than  with  seeds,  and  so  also  is  the  Tomato  for  that 
matter,  the  Americans  having  set  themselves  the  task  of  raising 
seedless  Tomatoes  with  a  view  to  avoid  appendicitis,  as  the  seeds 
of  this  ancl  other  fruit  are  apt  to  lodge  in  the  “appendix”  and 
set  up  inflammation,  and  it  is  said  they  have  succeeded,  at  the 
same  time  increasecl  the  size  of  the  fruit  and  the  amount  of 
sugar  which  it  contains.  This,  however,  is  not  secured  by 
syringing,  moisture  on  the  fructifying  organs  often  leading  to 
disease  and  non-swelling  cf  the  fruit  in  the  ca.se  o*f  Cucumbers 
and  Tomatoes,  and  in  the  case  of  Grapes  to*  seedless  berries  of  no 
use  from  a  utility  point  cf  view,  except  for  Currants  and  Sultana 
raisins,  though  these  are  due  to  vaiiety  as  regards  the  com¬ 
mercial  articles.  (2)  Coev  manure  is  the  best  for  Tomatoes  when 
the  soil  is  light  or  of  a  sandy  or  gravelly  nature,  and  horse 
manure  when  the  soil  is  inclined  to  be  heavy  or  tending  towards 
clayey  texture.  In  the  case  of  crdinaiy  loam  the  mixture  of  the 
two  substances  gives  the  best  result,  being  equivalent  to  farm¬ 
yard  manure,  which,  under  all  circumstances  is  the  best  manure. 
If  lib  of  a  mixture  of  three  parts  dissolved  bones,  dry  and 
crumbling,  and  one  sulphate  of  potash  is  added  to  the  manure 
-in  the  proportion  of  that  to  281b,  it  would  substantially  better 
it  for  Tomatoes,  improving  the  crop  and  quality. 
NAMES  OF  PLANTS. — Correspondents  loJiose  queries  are  un¬ 
answered  in  the  vresent  issue  are  respectfully  requested  to  consult  the 
following  number.  (G.  T.  C.). — Saxifraga  granulata  flore-pleno. 
(G.  W.  K.). — Acer  Negundo.  (B.  T.). — 1,  Pyrethrum  roseum  ;  2,  Cereis 
Sili(|^strnai ;  3,  Helianthemum  vulgare ;  4,  Adiantum  Williamsi. 
(J.  B.  T.). — 1,  Dendrobium  Bensoniae;  2,  Cypripedium  Curtisi ;  3, 
Ltelia  purpurata ;  4, "  Cattleya  Skinneri.  (A.). — 1,  ToxieophlBea 
spectabilis  ;  2,  Clianthus  puniceus.  (W.  C.  R.). — Probably  variety  of 
Agave  amerieana,  but  we  must  compare  it  with  living  specimens. 
- - 
Covent  Garden  Market.— June  lOlli. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Fruit. 
s.  d.  s.  d  s.  d.  s.  d 
A.pples,Tasmanian,case  12  0tol4  0  Grapes,  Hamburgh  ...  1  6  to  2  0 
Apricots,  per  box  ...  1  0  13  Lemons,  Messina,  case  10  0  15  0 
Bananas .  10  0  15  0  i  Oranges,  case  .  10  0  20  0 
Cherries,  box .  1  3  3  0.  Pines,  St.  Michael’s  3  6  5  0 
,,  ^-sieves .  3  0  10  0  ' 
Averagra  Wholesale  Prices.— Vegetables. 
s.  d. 
s.  d 
Artichokes,  green,  doz. 
2  0  to  0  0 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve 
1  6 
0  0 
Batavia,  doz . 
2  0 
0  0 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
0  6 
1  0 
Cabbages,  Spring,  tally 
2  0 
3  0 
Carrots,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
,,  new,  bnch.  ... 
0  6 
0  8 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
4  0 
0  0 
Corn  Salad,  strike 
1  0 
1  3 
Cos  Lettuce,  doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
Cucumbers  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
Endive,  doz . 
1  6 
0  0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Horseradish,  bunch  ... 
1  3 
1  6 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Leeks,  bunch  .  0  2to0  2^ 
Lettuce,  Cabbage,  doz.  0  6  10 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb.  10  0  0 
Mustard  &  Cress,  doz. 
punnets .  16  0  0 
Onions,  bushel  .  3  0  0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs.  ...  2  0  0  0 
Potatoes,  cwt .  6  0  8  0 
,,  Jersey,  new,  cwt.  12  0  14  0 
Radishes,  doz .  0  9  10 
Spinach,  bush .  2  0  0  0 
Tomatoes,  English,  lb.  0  6  0  7 
Turnips,  bnch .  0  0  0  2 
new,  bnch.  ...  0  5  0  6 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Plants  in  Pots. 
Most  of  the  undermentioned  plants  are  sold  in  48  and  32-sized  pot. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d  * 
Aralias,  doz . 
5 
0tol2 
0 
Araucaria,  doz . 
12 
0 
30 
0 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
18 
0 
36 
0 
Crotons,  doz . 
18 
0 
30 
0 
Cyperus  alternifolius 
doz . 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.  ... 
12 
0 
30 
0 
,,  viridis,  doz. . 
9 
0 
18 
0 
Erica  Cavendishi . 
18 
0 
24 
0 
,,  candidissima  ... 
Ferns,  var.,  doz . 
18 
0 
21 
0 
4 
0 
18 
0 
,,  small,  100 . 
Ficus  elastica,  doz.  ... 
10 
0 
16 
0 
9 
0 
12 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var,  each 
1 
0 
5 
0 
Fuchsias,  doz . 
6 
0 
8 
0 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Geraniums,  doz .  4  0  to  6  0 
,,  Ivy,  doz. ...  6  0  8  0 
Grevilleas,  48’s,  doz.  ...  5  0  0  0 
Heliotrope  .  5  0  6  0 
Hydrangeas,  pink  ...  10  0  12  0 
,,  white  ...  10  0  12  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz.  ...  3  0  0  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  6  0  9  0 
Myrtles,  doz .  6  0  9  6 
Palms,  in  var.,  doz.  ...  15  0  30  0 
,,  specimens  ...  21  0  63  0 
Pandanus  Veitchi,  48’s, 
doz .  24  0  30  0 
Pelargoniums  .  8  0  0  0 
Shrubs,  in  pots  .  0  6  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.— Cut  Ilowers 
s.  d.  s.  d 
Arums,  doz .  2  0  to  3  0 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bnch.  10  2  0 
Carnations,  12  blooms  10  13 
Cattleyas,  doz . 10  0  12  0 
Croton  foliage,  bun.  ...  0  9  10 
Cycas  leaves,  each  ...  0  9  16 
Eucharis,  doz .  2  0  3  0 
Gardenias,  doz .  2  0  2  6 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bnchs .  4  0  5  0 
s.  d.  6.  d 
Marguerites,  white, 
doz.  bnchs .  3  0  to  4  0 
,,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs.  16  2  0 
Myrtle,  English,  bunch  0  6  0  0 
Narcissus,  double 
white,  doz .  3  0  0  0 
Odontoglossums .  4  0  5  0 
Orange  blossom,  bunch  2  0  0  0 
Pyrethrum,  double, 
doz.  bun .  '10  5  0 
Gladiolus,  The  Bride, 
doz.  bun . 
6  0 
8  0 
Iris,  Spanish,  doz.  bun. 
6  0 
8  0 
Ivy  leaves,  doz.  bun. ... 
1  6 
0  0 
Lilium  Harris!  . 
2  0 
0  0 
Lily  of  Valley,  12  bnchs 
9  0 
12  0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  doz. 
bnchs . 
4  0 
5  0 
Roses,  Niphetos,  white, 
doz .  1  0 
,,  pink,  doz .  2  0 
,,  yellow, doz.^Perles)  1  6 
,,  Liberty,  doz .  2  0 
,,  Generals .  1  6 
Smilax,  bunch  .  4  0 
i  Violets,  doz.  bun.  ...  2  0 
i  ,,  Marie  Louise...  2  0 
1  6 
4  0 
2  0 
4  0 
2  0 
5  0 
2  b 
3  0 
The  British  Dairy  Farier  on  Tour. 
We  really  believe  we  shall  have  to  join  the  Association 
of  British  Dairy  Farmers,  not  because  we  are  great  milk 
or  butter  producers,  our  line  being  more  Corn,  Potatoes, 
and  sheep  ;  but  because  every  year  they  treat  themselves 
(and  their  wives  and  daughters)  to  the  most  delightful  of 
outings.  They  manage  to  combine  instruction  with  amuse¬ 
ment  :  they  have  some  arrangement  with  the  Clerk  of  the 
Weather,  and  they  have  altogether  what  may  be  called  a 
“real  good  outing.”  We  don’t  gather  all  these  facts  from 
the  papers,  although  Professor  Louise  and  others  write  at 
some  length  on  the  subject ;  but  as  several  very  intimate 
friends  are  among  the  travellers,  w’e  get  our  account  at  first 
hand.  Let  us  recall  a  few  of  the  outings  of  latter  years. 
Last  year  our  party  might  be  found  in  or  about  the 
Thames  Valley  ;  the  year  before  Bonnie  Scotland  claimed 
their  attention,  prior  to  that  Sister  Shamrock.  Then,  if  we 
remembei'  rightly,  it  w’as  the  Swiss  Valleys,  or  perhaps 
Scandinavia  or  Denmark.  This  year  our  Gallic  friends 
macle  them  welcome,  and  the  jaunt  has  been  an  unmitigated 
success.  Talk  about  the  English  farmer  being  a  stolid,  stay- 
at-home  sort  of  person !  Why,  he  is  coming  out  of  his  shell 
very  much.  What  about  that  party  of  Essex  clodhoppers 
who  penetrated  the  heart  of  the  Austrian  Empire  last 
year!  All  this  travel  is  a  liberal  education. 
