July  19,  1900. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
G9 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive 
in  a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in 
a  flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form 
the  best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the 
best  condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh 
grass,  as  to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent 
to  rest  in  the  post  oflfice  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery 
of  postal  matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are 
invariably  injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not 
more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should 
be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to 
separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp.  (F.  A.  A.). — 1,  Bignonia 
jasminifob'a  ;  2,  Tradescantia  virginica;  3,  Gentiana  Kurroo.  (IF.  S.  E.). 
— 1,  Lilium  pardalinum  ;  2,  Nepeta  Glechoma  ;  3,  Campanula 
persicifolia ;  4,  Platanus  orientalis ;  5,  Alstromeria  aurantiaca  ;  6, 
Habrothamnus  elegans.  (P.  W.  D.). — 1,  Centropogon  Lucyanus;  2, 
Clerodendron  fallax  ;  3,  C.  Thompson®  (Balfouriannm) ;  4,  Coprosma 
Baueriana  variegata ;  5,  Crinum  capense.  (H.  B.  M.). — 1,  Ketinospora 
plumosa  aurea  ;  2,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana;  3,  Hemerocallis  flava  ;  4, 
H.  fulva. 
Covent  Garden  Market. — July  ISth. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Fruit. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Apples,  Tasmanian . 
8  0tol8  0 
Grapes,  black  .  1  0  to  3  0 
Apricots,  box . 
0  8 
1  3 
Lemons,  case  . 10  0 
80  0 
Cherries,  J  bushel  . 
6  0 
10  0 
Melons,  house,  each  ...  1  0 
2  0 
„  i  bushel . 
3  0 
6  0 
Oranges,  case  . 10  0 
23  0 
,,  Cooking,  per  sieve 
5  0 
6  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each  1  0 
6  0 
„  Dutch  Luis e,  J  bshl 
4  6 
5  6 
Raspberries  .  6  0 
9  0 
Currants,  Black,  per  lb.... 
0  0 
0  3 
Strawberries.bskt  4  to  61b.  1  3 
2  0 
,,  Red,  per  sieve... 
4  0 
5  0 
„  peck  .  4  6 
6  0 
Figs,  green,  doz . 
Gooseberries,  §  bushel  .... 
Average 
1  6 
3  0 
„  home  grown,  doz.  8  0 
12  0 
13  19 
Wholesale 
Prices. — Vegetables. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
8.  d. 
Artichokes,  green,  doz.  ...  1  6  to  2  0 
Beans,  Long  Pods  .  2  0  8  0 
„  Jersey,  lb .  0  6  0  9 
Beet,  Bed,  doz .  0  6  16 
Cabbages,  tally .  3  0  5  0 
Carrots,  new,  bunch  ...  0  3  0  6 
Cauliflowers,  spring,  per 
dozen  .  3  0  4  0 
Celery,  bundle .  10  19 
Cucumbers,  doz .  2  0  4  0 
Fndive,  doz .  16  2  0 
Herbs,  bunch  .  0  2  0  0 
Leeks,  bunch  .  0  3  0  0 
Lettuce,  doz .  0  6  0  0 
,,  Cos,  score,  from  0  6  2  0 
Mint,  green,  doz.  bunches  2  0  0  0 
Mushrooms,  lb . 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnet 
Onions,  bag,  about  1  cwt. 
„  Egyptian,  per  bag 
Parslev,  doz.  bunches  .. 
Peas,  English,  per  bushel 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
„  new  Jersey,  cwt. 
,,  Tenerifle,  cwt.... 
Radishes,  long,  doz . 
„  round,  doz. 
Shallots,  lb . 
Spinach,  bushel  . 
Tomatoes,  English,  doz.  lb. 
Turnips,  new  . 
Vegetable  Marrows,  doz.... 
0 
0 
5 
4 
2 
3 
5 
10  0 
12  0 
toO  6 
0  n 
6  6 
0  0 
4  t 
5  0 
10  n 
12  0 
14  0 
0  0 
0  !• 
0  0 
3  0 
5  0 
0  0 
6  8 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Cut  Flowers. 
B.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
Arums  . 
1  0  to  2  0 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0  to  4  u 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch... 
2  0 
2  6 
,,  Yellow  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
4  0 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
1  0 
2  0 
Odontoglossums  . 
3  0 
7  6 
Cattleyas,  per  doz . 
0  0 
12  0 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs 
4  0 
6  0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
3  0 
4  0 
Gardenias,  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
,,  Red,  doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
„  Safrano,  doz  . 
1  6 
2  6 
bnchs . 
4  0 
5  0 
„  Tea,  white,  doz.  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
Lilium  lancifolium  album 
2  0 
3  0 
„  Yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
2  0 
3  C 
„  „  rubrum 
2  0 
3  0 
„  Marechal  Niel,  doz. 
6  0 
12  0 
T.ily  of  theFalley,  12  bun. 
8  0 
18  0 
„  Englisli: — 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
„  La  France,  doz. 
2  0 
3  0 
bunches . 
4  0 
6  0 
„  Mermets,  doz . 
'  3  0 
8  0 
Mignonette,  doz.  bunches 
1  0 
2  0 
Smilax,  bunch . 
2  0 
3  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Plants  in  Pots. 
Acers,  doz . 
Arbor  Viue,  var.,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
Azaleas,  various,  each 
Boronias,  doz . 
Crotons,  doz . 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz.... 
Dracaena  viridis,  doz. 
Erica  various,  doz.  ... 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
Ferns,  var.,  doz 
„  small,  100  ... 
Ficus  elastica,  e?ch ... 
8.  d.  8.  d. 
12  0to24  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
B.  d.  s.d. 
1  0  to  5  0 
6  0 
36  0 
Geraniums,  scarlet,  doz.... 
6  0 
10  0 
18  0 
36  0 
„  pink,  doz.  ... 
8  0 
10  0 
15  0 
20  0 
Hydrangeas,  white,  each 
2  6 
5  0 
2  6 
5  0 
„  pinK,  doz. 
12  0 
15  0 
20  0 
24  0 
,,  paniculata,  each 
Lilium  Harris!,  doz . 
r  0 
3  6 
18  0 
30  0 
8  0 
18  0 
12  0 
30  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
3  0 
6  0 
9  0 
18  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  ... 
8  0 
10  0 
8  0 
18  0 
Mignonette,  doz . 
8  0 
12  0 
6  0 
18  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  0 
9  0 
4  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each 
1  0 
16  0 
4  0 
18  0 
„  specimens  . 
21  0 
6.S  n 
4  0 
8  0 
Roses,  per  doz . 
6  0 
18  0 
1  6 
7  6  1 
Stocks,  doz . 
8  0 
12  0 
Haking  the  Best  of  It. 
On  Thursday,  May  24th,  we  tried  to  show  how  very  impossible  it 
would  he  for  us  to  live  within  ourselves — how  our  population  is  far 
beyond  our  acreage,  and  while  it  (the  population)  increases  our 
acreage  remains  stationary.  Too  much  capital  is  made  out  of  our 
“  waste  lands.”  Some  people  seem  to  think  land  is  land,  and  being 
land  is  cultivable.  Much  land  is  only  room  out  of  doors,  and  can  never 
by  any  stretch  of  imagination  or  persevering  effort  be  made  anything 
else.  The  only  chance  of  any  return  from  such  land  is  making  it 
rabbit  warren,  provided  it  is  dry  enough,  and  even  rabbits  require  some 
little  amount  of  herbage.  We  are  pretty  sure  some  rabbit  warrens 
pay  well,  and  they  certainly  provide  a  toothsome  dish  for  the  multi¬ 
tude.  There  is  one  important  fact  about  the  waste  lands  that  is 
often  forgotten  by  those  who  urge  their  cultivation.  Where  are  the 
waste  lands  that  need  reclaiming  ?  Generally  far  off,  very  tar  off  any 
available  labour,  and  nowadays  when  labourers  cannot  be  got  to  reside 
in  pleasant  and  accessible  villages,  it  is  folly  to  think  of  persuading 
them  to  bury  themselves  in  the  wilds. 
There  is  a  movement  afoot  now  which  has  as  its  object  the  multi* 
plication  of  small  holdings  grouped  together  into  operative  colonies  or 
settlements.  These  holdings  are  intended  to  induce  the  rural  popu¬ 
lation  to  remain  where  it  is,  and  to  entice  back  those  wanderers  who 
have  strayed  into  the  towns.  The  promoters  also  expect  that  these 
small  agriculturists  will  produce  more  per  acre  than  is  produced  on 
large  farms.  To  achieve  this  eud  all  we  can  say  is  that  the  land 
selected  for  the  experiment  must  be  of  the  best,  and  the  men 
themselves  most  carefully  selected,  and  even  then  we  are  doubtful  as 
to  the  results. 
There  are  several  continental  countries  where  the  land  tenure  and 
farming  generally  are  very  much  on  the  lines  laid  down  by  these 
co-operative  small  holdings,  where  the  cultivation  is  mainly  by  the 
spade,  and  the  workers  are  the  man  and  his  family.  That  these  men 
and  their  families  work  very  hard  and  do  all  they  know  is  very 
evident;  this  is  what  maybe  termed  intense  cultivation,  but  do  we 
find  the  results  so  far  superior  to  those  arrived  at  under  our  system 
of  large  holdings?  We  fancy  not.  Happily  here  in  Great  Britain 
women  have  ceased  to  do  rough  field  work  (we  do  not  discuss  the 
merits  or  demerits  of  the  case) ;  the  children,  too,  are  safely  at  school 
till  their  bodies  have  attained  to  fair  growth  and  strength.  We  can 
say  honestly  that  in  no  country  in  Europe  do  the  working  class  live 
so  well  as  they  do  here ;  perhaps,  indeed,  they  live  too  well  for  wisdom* 
but  they  can  and  do  afford  to  be  very  comfortable.  They  would  sc  am 
both  the  wages  and  the  living  of  the  French  or  Belgian  peasant. 
Belgium  is  the  land  of  small  holdings  and  hard  working  peasant 
families  ;  but  after  all,  are  they  producing  so  much  more  food  stuft’s 
than  we  ?  We  find  Belgium  needs  to  import  74  per  cent,  of  Wheat  as 
against  our  77,  74  per  cent,  of  Barley  as  against  our  44,  and  39  per 
cent,  of  Oats,  Buckwheat,  and  Maize  as  against  our  54.  If  protection 
aids  home  production,  Belgium  has  it  for  meat  and  flour,  but  Belgium 
is  not  a  great  meat  consuming  country.  We  average  about  127  lbs* 
of  meat  per  man  per  annum,  whereas  in  Belgium  we  find  the 
allowance  is  only  70  lbs.  per  head  per  annum.  She  produces  84  per 
cent,  of  this  meat,  importing  the  other  16  per  cent.  We  thought 
the  Belgian  cows  were  bitter  milkers  than  we  find.  A  respectable 
English  cow  is  expected  to  yield  per  annum  about  800  gallons;  her 
Belgian  relation  a  little  over  500. 
Germany  is  another  country  where  farming  is  of  the  intense  typo> 
but  here  we  find  that  her  average  yield  of  cereals  is  from  20  to  25  i)er 
cent,  under  ours.  In  France  half  the  occupied  population  are  farmers. 
