August  2,  1900.  i 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER 
ni 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive 
in  a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in 
a  flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form 
the  best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the 
best  condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh 
grass,  as  to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent 
to  rest  in  the  post  office  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery 
of  postal  matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are 
invariably  injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not 
more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should 
be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to 
separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp.  {L.  3.  P.).- — Red  Bigarreau. 
(TF.  R.  C.). — 1,  Spergnlaria  arvensis,  the  Corn  Spurry;  2,  Thalictrum 
aquilegifolium ;  3,  Phlomis  fruticosa ;  4,  Colutea  arborescens,  the 
Bladder  Senna;  5,  Agrimonia  odorata.  (C.  K.  J.). —  1,  Coprosma 
Baueriana  variegata ;  2,  Scabiosa  ochroleuca ;  3,  Linaria  flexuosa. 
{W.  C.  S.). — Specimen  totally  insufficient.  (Cherry). — We  regret  we 
cannot  with  certainty  name  either  of  the  Cherries,  as  the  leaves,  owing 
to  the  great  heat  when  they  were  in  the  post,  arrived  in  quite  a 
shrivelled  state. 
Covent  Garden  Ifarket. — August  1st. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Fruit, 
8.  d.  8.  d. 
Apricots,  box 
Cherries,  J  bushel 
0  8  to  1  3 
8.  d. 
0  4  to  1 
A  bushel 
,,  cooking,  sieve  ... 
Currants,  black,  lb . 
„  red,  sieve . 
Figs,  green,  doz . 
Gooseberries,  J  bushel  ... 
,,  ripe,  2  bushel... 
„  green,  J  bushel 
Grapes,  black  . 
5  0 
10  0 
,,  sieve  . 
4  6 
6  0 
3  0 
6  0 
Lemons,  case  . 
10  0 
30  0 
5  0 
6  0 
Melons,  house,  each 
2  0 
3  0 
0  0 
0  6 
Oranges,  case  . 
10  0 
23  0 
4  0 
5  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
3  0 
8  0 
1  6 
3  0 
Plums,  sieve  . 
3  0 
4  0 
1  3 
1  9 
Raspberries,  12  lbs . 
3  0 
6  0 
2  0 
2  6 
Strawberries,  basket 
1  0 
0  0 
4  0 
7  0 
,,  peck . 
4  6 
6  fi 
1  0 
3  0 
„  home  grown,  doz. 
4  0 
12  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Vegetables. 
Artichokes,  green,  doz 
Beans,  Long  Pods  ... 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
1  6  to  2  0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
8.  d  S’ 
n  3  to  n  0 
... 
2  0 
3  0 
Mint,  green,  doz.  bunches 
2  0 
0  n 
„  French,  sieve 
. « • 
4  0 
0  0 
Mushrooms,  lb . 
1  3 
1  6 
,,  scarlet,  sieve 
•  •• 
2  0 
3  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punnei 
0  2 
0  0 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
... 
0  6 
1  6 
Onions,  bag,  about  1  ewt. 
5  6 
0  0 
Cabbages,  tally' . 
... 
3  0 
5  0 
„  Egyptian,  bag  ... 
4  0 
0  0 
Carrots,  new,  doz.  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
Parslev,  doz.  bunches 
2  0 
4  0 
Cauliflowers,  spring, 
dozen  . 
per 
3  0 
4  0 
Peas,  English,  per. bushel 
Potatoes,  cwt.  ...  ...  ... 
1  6 
6  0 
5  0 
10  u 
Celery,  bundle . 
1  0 
1  9 
„  new  Jersey,  cwt. 
10  0 
12  0 
Cucumbers,  doz. 
••• 
2  0 
4  0 
Shallots,  lb . 
Spinach,  bushel  . 
0  4 
0  0 
Endive,  doz . 
••• 
3  0 
4  0 
2  0 
6  0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
... 
0  2 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  English,  doz.  lb. 
3  0 
5  0 
Lettuce,  doz . 
••• 
0  6 
0  0 
Turnips,  new,  doz . 
4  0 
6  ( 
„  ^  Cos,  score,  from 
0  6 
2  0 
V*jgetabie  Marrows,  doz.... 
0  9 
1  6 
Average  Wholesale 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
Prices. — Cut  Flowers. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
Arums  .  1  0  to  2  0 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch...  2  0 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ...  10 
Cattleyas,  per  doz .  6  0 
Eucharis,  doz .  4  0 
Gardenias,  doz .  10 
Geranium, scarlet.doz.bchs.  4  0 
Lilium  lancifolium  album  2  0 
„  „  rubrum  2  0 
,,  various  .  2  0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  bun.  8  0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
bunches .  2  0 
Mignonette,  doz.  bunches  1  0 
2  6 
2  0 
12  0 
6  0 
2 
5 
3 
3 
3 
18  0 
3  0 
2  0 
„  Yellow  doz.  bnchs. 
Odontoglossums  ...  ... 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs 
Roses  (indoor),  doz . 
,,  Red,  doz. ...  ...  ,,, 
„  Safrano,  doz  . 
„  Tea,  white,  doz.  ... 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
„  Marechal  Niel,  doz. 
„  English; — 
„  La  France,  doz. 
„  Mermets,  doz . 
Smilax,  bunch . 
2  0  to  4 
2  0 
3  0 
6  0  0  0 
2  0  3  0 
3  0  6  0 
2  0  3  0 
Acers,  doz . 
Arbor  Vitas,  var.,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
Azaleas,  various,  each 
Boronias,  doz.  ... 
Cannas,  doz 
Crotons,  doz.  ... 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz. 
Dracmna  viridis,  do 
Erica  various,  doz. 
Euonymus,  var.,  do 
Evergreens,  var,,  do 
Ferns,  var.,  doz 
„  small,  100 
Ficus  elastica,  eech 
Average  Wholesale  Prices, — Plants  in  Pots. 
8.  d.  B.  d. 
. 12  0to24  0 
.  60  36  0 
18  0 
16  0 
2  6 
20  0 
18  0 
18  0 
12  0 
9  0 
8  0 
6  0 
4  0 
4  0 
4  0 
1  6 
36  0 
20  0 
5  0 
24  0 
0  0 
30  0 
30  0 
18  0 
18  0 
18  0 
18  0 
18  0 
8  0 
7  6 
,  Foliage  plants,  var..  each 
Geraniums,  scarlet,  doz.... 
„  pink,  doz.  ... 
,  Hydrangeas,  white,  each 
i  ,,  pinit,  doz. 
i  ,,  paniculata,  each 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz . 
;  Lycopodiums,  doz . 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.  ... 
Mignonette,  doz . 
Myrtles,  doz . 
Palms,  in  var.,  each 
„  specimens  . 
Roses,  per  doz . 
Stocks,  doz . 
8.  d. 
1  0 
6  0 
8  0 
2  6 
12  0 
1  0 
8  0 
3  0 
8  0 
8  0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
1 
21 
6 
8 
8.  d. 
to  5  I 
10  0 
10  0 
5  0 
15  0 
3  6 
18  0 
6  0 
10  0 
12  0 
9  0 
16  0 
63  0 
18  0 
12  0 
How  Farmers  are  Trained  Elsewhere. 
If  we  take  a  map  of  Europe  we  see  to  the  right  the  great  peninsula 
separated  from  Russia  by  the  Baltic — the  peninsula  that  comprises 
two  countries,  Norway  and  Sweden ;  in  many  respects  alike,  but  also 
differing  in  several  points.  “Scandinavia”  is  the  name  by  which 
these  two  countries  generally  go,  and  they  are  countries  to  which  we 
owe  much — perhaps  more  than  we,  realise.  They  were  ever  an 
enterprising  race,  these  hardy  Norsemen  and  Vikings  of  old,  and  they 
made  many  a  dread  incursion  on  the  long  line  of  unprotected  East 
coast.  They  did  not  confine  their  ravages  to  the  seaboard.  The  land 
was  fiuitful,  the  people  few,  and  they  gradually  settled  and  made 
colonies,  each  year  more  and  more  inland.  A  strong  suffusion  of 
their  blood  is  in  our  veins,  mixed  with  Saxon  and  a  liltle  Norman., 
No  wonder  they  preferred  the  fertile  plains  of  England  to  their  own 
bare  hilly  land,  whtre  it  would  be  found  difficult  to  get  sufficient 
level  ground  even  for  a  cricket  pitch.  The  Norseman  is  no  longer  a 
sea  robber ;  his  energies  are  devoted  to  more  peaceful  pursuits.  He 
makes  the  best  of  indifferent  soil,  and  his  crops  are  a  standing  proof 
of  how  the  sword  has  been  turned  into  the  ploughshare  to  some  good 
purpose. 
We  have  this  day  received  a  list  of  publications  issued  by  the 
Agricultural  Education  Committee,  and  in  that  list  we  find  pamphlets 
respecting  the  agricultural  education  in  various  parts  of  the  world, 
Sweden  included,  and  then  fortunately  we  met  with  a  most  interesting, 
article  on  Scandinavian  agricultural  teaching  by  a  well-known  professor. 
The  dead  bones  of  the  prophet’s  vision  are  stirring.  Everywhere 
people  are  becoming  alive  to  the  necessity  of  giving  some  special 
training  to  the  agriculturists  'of  the  future.  Would  that  we  were 
as  far-seeing  as  some  of  our  neighbours.  Purely  agricultural  are  the 
people  of  Sweden — at  least,  we  think  we  may  fairly  claim  that  for 
them,  as  we  find  that  80  per  cent,  are  engaged  on  the  land — in 
Norway  actually  82  per  cent.  We  do  not  suppose  this  could  be  said 
of  any  other  countries,  in  Europe  at  least.  The  populations  are  not 
large — in  Sweden  about  4,r00,000;  in  Norway  about  halt,  or  rather 
less.  It  is  not  a  pleasant  fact  to  face,  but  a  boy  in  Sweden,  the  son  ot 
a  peasant  farmer,  has  far  better  facilities  for  agricultural  instruction 
than  the  son  of  large  tenant  farmer  here,  unless  the  father  is  prepared 
to, pay  heavy  fees.  We  have  much  to  learn  from  Sweden  yet. 
Bear  in  mind  what  we  said  as  to  the  Swedish  population,  under 
5,000,000.  Now,  for  the  benefit  of  the  agricultural  portion  we  find 
fifty-seven  institutions,  thirty-eight  of  which  are  classed  as  agricultural 
elementary  schools ;  the  rest  are  colleges  and  dairy  schools.  There  are 
beside  these  twenty-nine  control  and  e.'iperimental  stations  dealing 
with  chemical  work  and  seed-testing.  This  works  out  to  one  agri- 
culiural  or  dairy  school  to  every  68,000  members  of  the  rural  class. 
Here  we  have  similar  institutions,  one  to  each  3,000,000;  how  does 
that  strike  the  English  reader?  In  England  and  Wales  we  have 
some  thirteen  agricultural  schools,  as  against  forty  in  Sweden,  and  yet 
the  Swedes  cry,  “  Not  enough  !”  for  there  are  many  more  applicants 
than  the  schools  can  accommodate.  Then  these  Swedish  schools,  in 
the  matter  of  fee,  reach  a  class  not  touched  here,  with  the  exception  of 
a  few  sharp  lads  who  get  C.C.  scholarships  (we  have  not  enough  of 
them,  by  the  w'ay).  The  farms  as  a  rule  are  very  small,  86  per  cent, 
being  under  50  acres,  so  ihrt  we  may  be  pretty  sure  that  lads  drawn 
from  them  cannot  in  any  case  find  much  money.  The  course  at  these 
schools  lasts  two  yesrs,  and  the  lads  after  desk  work  in  the  way  of 
drawing,  mathematics,  science,  and  book-keeping,  do  practical  work  oa 
the  farm  carpenter’s  bench  and  blacksmith’s  anvil.  In  after  life  they 
will  be  so  isolated  that  they  must  depend  upon  themselves  for  necessary 
