JOURNAL  Ot  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
October  4,  1900. 
All  correspondence  relating  to  editorial  matters  should  he  directed 
to  “The  Editor,”  12,  mitre  Court  chambers,  Fleet  Street, 
Ziondon,  E.C.  It  i.->  Teqn  sted  thnt  no  one  will  write  privately 
to  any  ot  our  correspondents,  seeking  information  on  matters 
discussed  in  this  Journal,  as  doing  so  subjects  them  to  unjustitiable 
trouble  and  expense. 
Pupae  of  Death’s  Head  Moth  (J.  C.  8.). — The  pupa  of  the  Death’s 
Head  moth  should  be  kept  in  damp  soil  in  a  perforated  box,  with  a 
perforated  zinc  cover,  the  box  not  being  quite  filled  with  soil,  say  with 
a  clear  space  of  about  3  inches 
between  the  soil  and  the  cuver, 
keeping  in  a  cool  room  but  safe  from 
frost.  The  mould  should  be  of  a 
sandy  friable  nature,  so  that  the 
pupa  can  wriggle  about  and  emerge 
into  the  atmosphere  when  the  proper 
time  arrives  in  the  early  summer. 
The  larva  forms  for  itself  an  earthen 
cell  underground,  and  it  is  probably 
the  absence  of  this  under  artificial 
keeping  that  causes  so  many  pupoe  to 
perish,  the  pupal  cases  being  in  con¬ 
tact  with  the  soil.  The  earthen  cells 
should  always  be  taken  along  with 
the  pupal  cases,  then  there  is  no 
difiSculty.  In  most  cases,  however, 
it  is  advisable  to  rear  the  caterpillars, 
and  let  them  craw)  underground  and 
form  their  own  earthen  cells  in  which 
to  become  pupm. 
Long-legged  Spiders  (Idem).— The 
spiders  come  si rict ly  within  the  limits 
of  economic  entomology  as  beneficial 
insects.  They  are  among  the  most 
powerful  insect  friends  of  man,  and 
they  contribute  more  perhaps  than 
any  other  family  to  check  the  too 
rapid  multiplication  of  insects.  They 
derive  their  chief  sustenance  from 
them,  securing  them  in  various  ways, 
some  by  pure  hunting  and  speed, 
others  by  w’atching  in  corners  and 
out-of-the-way  holes,  but  a  large  pro¬ 
portion  by  forming  the  webs  for 
which  the  family  is  best  known. 
Theirl  vorac  ly  is  ex  reme.  The  de¬ 
scription  you  give  accords  with  the 
species  named  Harpaetes  Hombergi, 
a  hunting  spider,  which  is  quite 
harmless  to  plants.  It  is  plentiful, 
and  lives  in  ciacks  in  the  ground, 
crevices  in  rocks  and  walls,  under 
stones,  and  decaying  or  exfoliating 
bark.  The  beautiful  bronze  beetle 
is  probably  one  of  the  sun  beetles, 
which  are  very  voracious,  being 
wholly  carnivorous,  and,  in  default  of  other  food,  will  not  spare  their 
own  kind.  T1  e  curious  little  insect,  like  red  velvet,  is  probably  one 
of  the  numerous  mites,  thoueh  it  has  six  legs,  being  in  the  early  stage, 
as  it  will  have  eight  legs  when  adult,  and  though  many  are  injurit'us  to 
plants,  this  species,  Acaius  malus,  so  named  because  sometimes  found 
on  Apple  trees,  does  nor  appear  to  affect,  vegetation. 
Climbers  lor  House  Walls  (H.  F.  N.). — The  following  are  good 
For  west  aspect  :  Aristtilochia  Sipho,  Lonicera  odoratissima,  and  L. 
eempervirens  var.  Browni,  Clematis  montana  major,  C.  Viiicella  rubra 
graudiflora,  C.  Lucie  Lemoine,  C.  Jackmanni,  Bignonia  radicans, 
' Cydonia  japonica  and  var.  alba,  Jasminnm  officinale  grandiflotum,  and 
Roses  Reve  d’Or,  Bouquet  d’Or,  Anna  Ollivier,  Cheshunt  Hybrid, 
Climbing  Devoi  iensis,  Gloire  de  Dijon,  Marcelin  Rhoda,  and  Perle  de 
Lyon.  South  :  Jasminnm  revolntum,  Wistaria  sinensis  and  var.  alba, 
Berberidopsis  corallina,  Cesnothus  azureus  Gloire  de  Versailles, 
Escallonia  macrantha.  Magnolia  grandiflora  floribunda,  Chimonanthus 
fragrans,  Garrya  elliptica,  Lardizabala  biternata,  Passiflora  coerulea, 
and  Roses  Marechal  Kiel,  Sombreuil,  Perle  des  Jardins,  and  Innocente 
Pirola.  North  :  Ampelopsis  hederacea.  Clematis  Vit alba,  Hedera  (Ivy) 
canariensis,  H.  palma'a,  H.  Rasgneriana,  Cratsegus  Pyracantlia, 
Forsythia  suspensa,  Tropaeolum  speciosum,  and  Jasminum  nudifiorum. 
Fig.  90. — Liliu 
Lilium  Bolanderi  (J.  TV.  TV.)  — This  Lily  is  somewhat  scarce,  but 
you  should  have  no  difficulty  in  procuring  a  stock  from  Mr.  T.  S. 
Ware,  Ltd.,  Feltham.  According  to  the  description  by  Sereno  Watson 
in  the  Proceedings  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
the  plant  in  a  wild  state  has  stems  1  to  3  feet  high,  each  having  one 
or  two  flowers,  the  leaves  verticillate  and  slightly  glaucous,  and  is 
related  to  both  Lilium  parvum  and  L.  maritimum.  The  flowers  have  a 
nodding  tendency,  and  are  of  a  dull  purplish  hue  or  brownish  red, 
becoming  paler,  and  having  numerous  dark  spots  on  the  segments,  the 
colouring  and  markings  imparting  a  peculiar  rather  than  a  beautiful 
appearance.  It  is  said  to  have  been  found  on  the  Red  Hills,  Humboldt 
County,  California,  and  in  Humboldt  Bay. 
Chemical  Manures  for  Tares  (Ignoramus). — Dissolved  bones,  3  cwt.  ; 
kainit,  4  cwt.;  and  nitrate  of  soda,  1  cwt.  This  is  a  full  dressing  per 
acre.  The  dissolved  bones  and  kainit  should  be  applied  at  the  time  of 
sowing,  and  the  nitrate  of  soda  in  the  spring,  after  heavy  rains  are 
over.  Half  the  amounts  quoted  suffice  when  the  land  is  in  good 
“heart.”  If  the  soil  is  of  a  rather  strong  nature, the  following  mixture 
may  be  used  at  the  time  of  sowing  : — Sulphate  of  ammonia,  ^  cwt. ; 
dissolved  bones,  cwt. ;  dried  blood,  |  cwt.  ;  and  muriate  of  potash, 
1^  Cwt.,  in  mixture,  per  acre.  The 
following  mixture  is  advised  in 
“  Manures  and  Their  Uses  :  ” — 230 
to  280  lbs.  of  superphosphate  (20  per 
cent.),  140  to  160  lbs.  of  kainit 
(24  per  cent.),  mixed  together  and 
applied  at  the  time  of  sowing.  In 
the  spring  apply  a  top-dressing  of 
168  lbs.  of  nitrate  of  soda,  in  three 
instalments  of  56  lbs.  each. 
Transplanting  Biennials  (C.  S,  C.). 
— The  plants  ought  now  to  be  bushy 
and  fit  for  planting  out  in  the  places 
where  they  are  to  flower  next  year. 
Should  they  be  growing  so  strongly 
as  to  become  crowded  in  the  nursery 
beds,  and  the  situations  they  are 
desired  to  be  grown  in  are  yet  occupied 
with  other  plants,  it  will  be  advisable 
to  transplant  them  again,  so  as  to 
give  a  check  to  their  too  luxuriant 
growth.  Unless  they  actually  touch 
each  other,  it  will  not  be  necessary 
to  plant  them  wider  apart,  for  the 
mere  lifting  them  will  give  them  a 
sufficient  check.  It  will  be  well 
to  attend  to  these  suggestions,  or 
the  plants,  should  the  winter  be  a 
severe  one,  will  be  all,  or  nearly  all, 
destroyed. 
Muscat  Grapes  (TV.  A.  A.). — The 
loam  is  of  a  rather  close  soapy  nature, 
almost  destitute  of  gritty  matter, 
and  not  containing  a  large  amount 
of  fibre  or  organic  substance.  It  will 
require  a  considerable  admixture  of 
calcareous  and  gritty  material  to 
render  it  suitable  for  Muscats,  say 
of  the  loam  twelve  cartloads,  fresh 
horse  droppings  one  cartload,  old 
mortar  or  lime  rubbish  two  cartloads, 
wood  ashes,  dry,  one  cartload,  char¬ 
coal  nuts  one  cartload,  bones,  crushed, 
1  inch  down  to  half  inch,  5  cwts. 
M  Bolanderi.  The  loam  should  be  broken  up  roughly 
and  all  the  materials  well  incor¬ 
porated.  It  is  better  to  have  an 
inside  border  only,  and  commence  with  a  width  of  about  6  feet,  rather 
than  make  the  border  all  at  once,  adding  to  the  breadth  of  border  as 
the  roots  require  more  area.  The  border  must  be  well  drained,  a  3  or 
4-inch  pipe  drain  being  provided,  with  due  fall  and  proper  outlet. 
Twelve  inches  depth  of  rubble  will  be  necessary  for  drainage,  the 
roughest  at  the  bottom,  and  diminishing  to  road  metal  S'ze  at  top,  and 
this  should  be  secured  with  a  thin  layer  of  turves  grass  side  downwards. 
On  this  should  be  placed  the  compost,  30  inches  in  depth,  and  it  should 
be  in  good  working  condition,  made  moderately  firm  by  beating  with  a 
fork.  The  Vines  are  best- planted  when  they  are  beginning  to  grow, 
as  they  will  in  cool  houses  during  March  or  early  in  April,  the  canes 
being  pruned  to  the  length  required  by  or  before  the  new  year.  If  the 
canes  are  ordinary  planting  ones  it  is  advisable  to  cut  them  to  a  couple 
of  buds  and  start  with  an  entirely  new  cane  from  the  base,  reserving 
the  more  promising  growth  and  rubbing  the,  other  off  Of  varieties  the 
finest  MuFcat  is  Canon  Hall,  the  bunches  and  berries  being  larger  than 
those  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  but  it  is  a  somewhat  difficult  variety  to 
set,  which  may  be  effected  by  careful  fertilisation,  and  when  well  done 
is  the  finest  of  all  Grapes.  For  general  purposes,  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
is  the  most  deservedly  popular  of  Muscat  Grapes,  and  this  variety  we 
advise  to  the  extent  of  at  least  four  Vines.  Mrs.  Pearson  is  also  a  good 
