October  11,  190(i. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
345 
Pruning  Roses,  vines,  and  Fruit  Trees  (Coventry). —  The  Roses 
ought  not  to  be  pruned  until  the  late  winter  or  early  spring  months,  as 
the  prunirg  buds  will  certainly  start  into  growth  and  thus  be  liable  to 
suffer  from  the  spring  frosts.  Besides,  the  growth  is  not  yet  sufficiently 
matured,  or  the  plants  dormant  enough,  to  admit  of  its  being 
done  successfully.  Vines  may  be  pruned  if  the  leaves  are  all  down,  or 
even  if  the  foliage  is  becoming  sere.  If  there  are  leaves  in  a  green 
state  they  should  not  be  pruned,  and  even  if  becoming  sere  they  must 
not  be  removed  from  the  pruning  buds,  but  left  to  fall  naturally.  Fruit 
trees  of  most,  if  not  all,  kinds  may  be  pruned  now;  indeed,  the  early 
autumn  is  a  better  time  than  late  autumn  for  winter  pruning,  as  then 
the  wounds  have  time  to  heal,  and  the  growth  will  be  more  vigorous  in 
the  spring  in  consequence. 
Fuchsia  Riccartoni  (G.  F.  H.). — This  is  a  fine  old  plant,  and  flowers 
with  such  profusion  in  autumn  that  it  should  have  a  place  in  every 
garden.  Its  slender  shoots  laden  with  flowers  are  very  effective  when 
arranged  with  other  flowers  for  decorative  purposes.  When  planted 
singly  in  shrubbery  borders  it  brightens  them  wonderfully  at  this 
season,  but  its  effect  in  this  position  is  nothing  to  a  large  bed  planted 
with  it.  Where  a  garden  of  hardy  plants  is  required  gay  as  long  in 
autumn  as  possible,  one  or  more  beds  should  be  filled  with  this  useful 
old  plant.  It  contrasts  well  with  beds  of  Pentstemons,  Antirrhinums, 
and  such  plants  that  flower  profusely  in  late  autumn.  The  growths 
during  the  season  will  require  a  little  regulation,  but  not  much. 
Slightly  thinning  the  shoots  may  be  necessary,  and  stopping  others 
that  are  likely  to  outgrow  their  neighbours.  It  is  easily  managed  when 
grown  in  beds,  and  only  requires  to  be  cut  close  down  to  the  ground 
annually  any  time  after  the  foliage  and  flowers  have  been  destroyed  by 
frost.  Whole  beds  of  such  plants  are  much  more  effective  than  a 
miscellaneous  collection  of  hardy  plants  filling  the  same  space,  some  of 
them  always  being  untidy. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  sjjecies  of  cultivated 
,  plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive 
in  a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in 
a  flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form 
the  best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the 
best  condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh 
grass,  as  to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent 
to  rest  in  the  post  oflS.oe  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery 
of  postal  matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are 
invariably  injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not 
more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should 
be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to 
separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp.  (Rock  Garden). — The  Lilium 
was  so  withered  that  it  is  impossible  to  express  any  definite  opinion 
upon  it;  so  far  as  could i  be  judged  it  is  a  seedling  variation  from 
L.  auratum.  Iberis  Tenoreana.  (IF.  G.). — The  Carrot  is  an  example 
of  the  not  uncommon  vagaries  of  form  assumed  by  this  valuable 
vegetable.  The  plant  is  Molucella  Imvis.  (J.  M). —  Ophiopogon 
Jaburan  variegatum. 
Names  of  Fruits. — Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good  tvpical 
fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of  regular 
subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruits,  and  not  collectors  of 
specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is  wholly 
irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow  themselves  to 
be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special  attention  is 
directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is  to  dis¬ 
courage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  Af/jiles  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  be  named,  it  l^as  been-  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior, 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses 
of  senders  of  fruit  or  flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed 
with  the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by 
post  or  not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication, 
initials  sufficing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once, 
and  any  beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent 
on  the  first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot 
be  named  in  a  hard  green  state.  The  practice  of  pinning  numbers  to 
the  eyes  of  the  fruit  tends  to  destroy  one  of  the  most  characteristic 
features  and  increases  the  difficulty  of  identification.  When  Plums  are 
sent  to  be  named  young  wood  of  the  trees  should  accompany  them. 
Leaves  of  the  trees  are  necessary  with  Peaches  and  Nectarines,  with 
information  as  to  whether  the  flowers  are  large  or  small.  (H.  S.). — 
Denniston’s  Superb.  (R.  M.  D.). — 1,  Beurie  Clairgeau;  2,  Beurre 
d’Amanlis  ;  3,  crqshed  beyond  recognition  ;  4,  Beurre  Hardy  ;  5,  Souvenir 
du  Congi  es  ;  the  Apple  is  Small’s  Admirable.  (A.  G.  .). — 1,  Gloucester¬ 
shire  Costard  ;  2,  Cox’s  Pomona.  (D.  M.  L.). — 1,  Grenadier ;  2,  King 
of  the  Pippins  ;  3,  Cellini  ;  4,  Yorkshire  Beauty  ;  5,  Northern  Greening ; 
6,  Col.  Vaughan.  (F.  R.). — 1,  Peasgood’s  Nonesuch  ;  2,  King  of  the 
Pippins;  3,  Warner’s  King;  4,  Queen  Caroline;  5,  Uvedale’s  St. 
Germain  ;  6,  Pitmaston  Duchess.  Beurre  Bose  is  undoubtedly  correct. 
(J.  W.). —  1  and  6,  probably  local  seedlings,  that  never  had  recognised 
names;  2,  rotten ;  3,  Emperor  Alexander;  4,  Sam  Young;  5,  Cox’s 
Pomona.  (K.  K.). — 1,  Warner’s  King;  2,  Tower  of  Glamis  ;  3,  Lord 
Derby  ;  4,  Blenheim  Orange  ;  5,  King  of  Tompkin’s  County. 
Covent  Garden  Ifarket, — October  10th. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Fruit. 
Apples,  table,  ^  bush.  ... 
8.  d.  s.  d. 
2  0to3  0 
,,  cooking,  bush.  ... 
Cobnuts,  doz.  lb.,  best  ... 
1  fi 
5  0 
4  0 
5  0 
Damsons,  J  bush . 
0  9 
2  0 
Figs,  green,  doz . 
0  6 
010 
Grapes,  black . 
9  6 
2  6 
,,  white . 
1  6 
3  0 
Lemons,  case  . 
10  0 
20  0 
Melons,  hoirse,  each 
0  fi 
1  6 
,,  water,  case 
3  6 
5  0 
Average 
Wholesale 
Artichokes,  green, doz.  ... 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
3  0  to  4  0 
Beans,  French,  sieve 
1  0 
1  6 
,,  scarlet,  bush. 
0  3 
1  0 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
0  6 
0  0 
Bnrssels  Sprouts,  sieve... 
1  6 
2  0 
Cabbages,  tally  . 
3  0 
5  0 
Carrots,  doz.  bnch . 
2  0 
3  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
Celery,  bundle . 
1  0 
0  0 
Cucumbers,  doz . 
1  6 
3  0 
Endive,  score  . 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
1  6 
0  0 
0  2 
0  0 
Lettuce,  doz . 
0  9 
0  0 
,,  Cos,  score . 
0  fi 
2  0 
Average  Wholesale 
S.  (1. 
s.d. 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch 
1  6  to  2  0 
Asters . 
3  0 
4  0 
Carnations.  12  blooms  ... 
1  0 
2  0 
Cattleyas,  doz . 
fi  0 
12  0 
Chrysanthemums,  dozen 
blooms  . 
1  0 
3  0 
Eueharis,  doz . 
2  fi 
4  0 
Gardenias,  doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bunches . 
4  0 
fi  0 
Gladiolus,  dozen  spikes 
1  0 
2  0 
Lilac,  white,  bunch. 
5  0 
7  0 
Lilium  lancifolium  album 
1  fi 
2  fi 
,,  ,.  rubrum 
1  fi 
2  fi 
„  various .  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
Nectarines,  doz . 
B.  d.  s.  d. 
1  fito9  0 
Oranges,  case . 
10  0 
15  0 
Peaches,  doz.  small . 
1  0 
2  0 
,,  doz.  good  size  ... 
Pears,  crate  . 
6  0 
9  0 
3  0 
7  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
3  0 
fi  0 
Plums,  ^  bush . 
1  0 
2  6 
„  Californian,  case 
4  0 
fi  0 
,,  common,  sieve  ... 
0  fi 
l^O 
Prices. — Vegetables. 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
s.  d.  s.  d, 
0  UtoO  0 
Mint,  green,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
0  0 
Muslu-ooms,  lb . 
1  3 
1  6 
Mustard  and  Cress,  pnnt. 
0  2 
0  0 
Onions,  Dutch,  bag 
4  0 
4  6 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
0  0 
Peas,  English,  bush. 
5  0 
6  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
3  0 
5  0 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  2 
0  3 
Spinach,  birsh . 
2  0 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  English,  lb.  ... 
0  2 
0  4 
Turnips,  doz .  ... 
2  0 
3  0 
Vegetable  Marrows,  doz. 
0  fi 
1  0 
Prices.— Cat  Flowers. 
Lilv  of  the  Valley,  12  bun. 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
fi  0  to  12  0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
bunches . 
2  0 
4  0 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
4  0 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
4  0 
Odontoglossums  . 
3  0 
4  0 
Pelargoniums,  doz.  bnchs 
fi  0 
8  0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz. 
2  0 
4  0 
,,  Red.  doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
,,  Safrano,  doz . 
1  fi 
2  0 
,,  Tea,  white,  doz.  . . . 
1  0 
3  0 
,,  Yellow. doz.  (Perles) 
2  0 
4  0 
English,  La  France, 
doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
Smilax.  bunch . 
2  0 
4  0 
Average 
Acers.  doz . 
Arbor  Yitse,  var..  doz. 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  .specimen 
Azaleas,  various,  each 
Boronias.  doz . 
Gannas,  doz . 
Crotons,  doz . 
Draccena,  var.,  doz, 
Draccena,  viridis,  doz. 
Erica,  various,  doz, 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
Perns,  var..  doz. 
,,  small,  100 
Ficus  elastica,  each 
Wholesale  Prices.  —  Plants  in  Pots. 
s.  d.  s.  d.  s-d.  s.d. 
12  0to24  0  ;  Foliage  plants,  var..  each  1  (ttoo  0 
fi  0  30  0  '  Geraniums,  scarlet,  doz.  fi  0  10  0 
18  0  30  0  pink.  doz.  ...  SO  10  0 
l.S  0  20  0  Hydrangeas,  white,  each  2  0  .5  0 
2  0  5  0  ,,  pink,  doz . 12  0  1.5  6 
20  0  24  0  ..  paniculata,  each  in  3  0 
18  0  U  0  Lilium  Harrisi.  doz  ...  8  d  IS  0 
18  0  30  0  Lycopodiums,  doz .  3  0  0  0 
12  0  3(1  0  Marguerite  Daisy,  doz....  8  (•  10  0 
9  0  18  0  Mignonette,  doz .  8  0  12  0 
8  0  18  d  Myrtles,  doz .  0  0  9  0 
6  0  18  0  Palms,  in  var..  each  ...  1  0  15  0 
4  0  18  0  .,  siiecimens  . 21  d  03  0 
4  0  18  d  Roses,  doz.  ..;  .  0  d  IS  0 
4  0  8  0  Stocks,  doz .  8  0  12  0 
1  0  7  0 
Excessive  Infant  mortality. 
This  is  a  state  of  things  for  which  there  can  be  no  excuse,  and  yet 
people  seem  to  consider  that  it  is  by  no  fault  of  theirs  that  so  many 
young  animals  never  reach  the  completion  of  their  first  year.  This  is 
an  artificial  age — everything  is  forced  and  hurried ;  we  are  not  a  bit 
content  unless  we  are  “ forrader”  than  our  neighbour.  In  many 
instances  we  want  to  have  our  cake,  and  yet  eat  it.  It  may  be  laid 
down  as  a  general  rule,  that  where  infant  mortality  is  excessive  there 
are  two  main  causes.  The  first  may  be  put  down  as  debility  o. 
the  parents — too  much  breeding  in-and-in,  till  the  constitution  is 
ruined  ;  like  begets  like.  The  second  great  cause  (there  are  many 
