November  1,  1900. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
:^95 
in  early  Apples.  A  few  years  ago  I  should  have  placed  Mr.  Gladstone 
before  this,  as  it  is  usually  earlier,  of  deeper  colour,  and  handsome  as 
a  market  fruit,  but  I  have  found  Beauty  of  Bath  more  reliable  in  its 
supplies  of  fruit  and  generally  of  better  habit,  especially  on  heavy  and 
medium  soils.  On  a  Paradise  stock  it  forms  a  spreading,  bushy,  open 
tree  of  medium  strength,  with  abundant  foliage.  The  tree  is  apt  to 
be  rather  disappointing  at  first,  as  fruits  are  only  sparingly  produced, 
and  I  have  not  found  it  at  any  time  one  of  the  most  prolific,  still, 
when  a  well  furnished  tree  has  been  secured  it  yields  satisfactory,  if 
not  heavy  crops,  and  cannot  fail  to  be  of  value  either  in  a  garden  or  a 
market.  It  is  usually  catalogued  as  in  season  during  July  and 
August,  but  except  in  the  earliest  districts  it  is  an  August  Apple,  and 
must  be  disposed  of  as  sjon  as  it  is  ready  for  gathering. 
Margaret,  or  the  Early  Red  Juneating,  though  an  old  variety,  is 
still  one  of  the  most  useful  for  early 
sale,  but  it  cannot  be  assigned  a  first 
place  as  regards  quality.  It  has  a 
tempting  aromatic  odour,  and  a  sweet, 
pleasant  flavour  fresh  from  the  tree,  but 
it  so  soon  becomes  mealy  and  tasteless, 
that  unless  the  plan  recommended  by 
the  late  Dr.  Hogg  is  adopted — namely, 
“  gathering  the  fruits  a  few  days  before 
they  ripen,”  the  full  flavour  is  rarely 
obtained,  and  it  is  therefore  not  much 
valued  for  dessert.  As  a  market  Apple 
it  is  useful,  for  it  crops  well  both  on  the 
Paradise  and  on  the  Crab,  forming  on 
the  dwarfing  stock  a  fairly  compact 
tree  ;  the  growth  is  slender,  and  the 
leaves  small  but  abundant.  It  is  well 
suited  for  medium  and  heavy  soils.  On 
moderately  light  soils  the  Crab  stock  is 
ihe  more  satisfactory,  as  the  tree  con¬ 
tinues  in  good  condition  longer. 
There  has  been  much  confusion 
respecting  the  early  Apples  known 
as  Margaret,  Madeleine,  Magdalene, 
•J.uneating,  and  Joaneting,  and  in  the 
endekvour  to  settle  the  nomenclature 
Dr.  Hogg  has  given  (in  the  “  Fruit 
Manual  ”)  some  Interesting  historical 
notes.  There  seems  little  doubt  that 
Juneating  is  a  misnomer,  and  Joaneting 
IS  a  preferable  form,  but  this  is  restricted 
to  the  White  Juneating,  a  pale  coloured 
very  early  Apple,  not  so  generally 
-known  as  it  was  formerly,  the  brighter 
coloured  Margaret  being  more  popular 
now,  but  it  is  still  included  in  some 
trade  lists.  Magdalene  is  a  synonym 
of  Margaret,  but  Madeleine,  or  Summer 
Pippin,  is  a  distinct  Apple,  though  I 
fancy  it  would  be  difficult  to  obtain 
true  samples  of  it  at  the  present  time. 
Andre  Leroy  described  and  figured 
an  Apple  in  the  “  Dictionnaire  de 
Pomologie  ”  under  the  name  of  Pomme 
Fraise,  which  closely  resembles  the 
Margaret  we  have  noted,  and  he 
mentions  as  synonymous  La  Madeleine  Rouge  and  the  Rad  J uneating, 
also  the  Early  Strawberry  of  Downing. 
Devonshire  Quarreudeu  is  an  indispensable  favourite,  and  is 
recommended  by  many  qualities  as  useful  for  garden  and  market. 
Its  rich  colour,  distinct  form,  and  pleasant  flavour  are  strongly  marked 
characters  that  render  it  easily  recognised  even  by  the  general  public, 
though  the  popular  rendering  of  the  name  varies  from  “  Quarringdons  ” 
to  “  Quarrantines.”  Some  fine  examples  were  recently  shown  at  the 
Drill  Hall,  Westminster,  as  Red  Quarrendens,  a  title  which  it  bears 
in  some  districts  and  nurseries,  though  it  is  rather  misleading,  as  I 
have  known  several  persons  fancy  it  was  a  superior  form  of  the  old 
Devonshire  Quarrenden. 
.  This  variety  succeeds  well  on  a  Paradise  stock,  growing  freely  and 
fairly  strong.  It  is  upright  in  habit,  but  requires  judicious  pruning 
to  keep  the  tree  shapely.  Where  it  is  found  in  any  degree  weakly 
on  a  Paradise  the  Crab  stock  should  be  tried,  as  the  variety  makes 
vigorous  clean  growth  on  that  stock,  and  I  know  some  nurseries 
where  that  is  always  used  to  the  exclusion  of  the  Paradise  for  this 
and  some  other  Apples.  The  variety  is  certainly  more  at  home  in  a 
warm  soil  of  medium  texture,  but  I  have  found  it  thrive  in  heavy 
soils  if  those  are  well  prepared  and  subsequently  worked.  A  low 
situation  should  be  avoided ;  and  adequate  shelter  from  winds  must  be 
provided  to  insure  the  best  results. 
Rivers’  Early  Peach  is  in  some  respects  an  improvement  upon  that 
old  garden  favourite  Irish  Peach.  The  fruit  is  about  the  same  size, 
and  at  its  best  can  only  be  described  as  small  or  medium,  but  it  is 
similarly  rich  in  flavour  when  freshly  gathered,  and  the  tree  is  more 
vigorous,  erect,  and  compact,  with  abundant  small  leaves ;  the  fruit  also 
■is  not  confined  to  the  upper  parts  or  tips  of  the  branches  as  it  usually  is 
in  the  typical  Irish  Peach.  The  flesh  is  soft,  juicy,  sweet,  and  aromatic. 
Those  who  like  a  larger  dessert  Apple  find  Lady  Sudeley  a  welcome 
addition  to  the  lists  of  early  varieties.  It  has  been  described  as 
“  Irish  Peach  Improved,”  but  this  is  scarcely  an  adequate  indication  of 
the  characters  of  the  variety  which,  as  regards  appearance,  is  much 
handsomer  than  that  with  which  it  is  compared.  A  good  average 
fruit,  such  as  I  have  now  before  me,  is  3  inches  in  diameter  at  the 
base  and  inches  high,  somewhat  conical  in  form,  streaked  and  flushed 
with  brilliant  red  on  a  yellow  ground  tint,  the  whole  surface  being 
glossy  and  shining.  The  eye  is  small, 
partly  closed,  with  narrow  erect  seg¬ 
ments,  and  is  rather  deeply  set  in  an 
angular  basin.  The  stalk  is  thick,  half¬ 
inch  to  three-quarters  of  an  inch  long, 
in  a  deep  even  cavity,  which  is  usually 
covered  with  pale  russet.  The  flesh  is 
slightly  tinted  near  the  stalk  and  under 
the  skin  ;  it  is  firm,  crisp,  juicy,  sweet, 
and  aromatic  when  fresh  from  the  tree, 
but  does  not  retain  its  qualities  long 
when  gathered. 
The  tree  is  fairly  prolific,  compact, 
and  bushy  in  habit,  of  medium  growth 
with  ample  foliage,  and  it  is  satisfactory 
on  both  Crab  and  Paradise  stocks.  The 
fruit  ripens  in  the  Midlands  from  the 
end  of  August  to  the  middle  of 
September,  but  is  earlier  in  the 
southern  counties.  I  have  described 
this  fine  Apple  somewhat  fully,  because 
it  does  not  appear  in  the  “  Fruit 
Manual,”  and  the  majority  of  the  trade 
lists  scarcely  do  it  justice,  as  in  sub¬ 
stantial  soils  it  is  considerably  more 
than  an  exhibition  variety. 
A  September  Apple  of  fine  ap¬ 
pearance,  and  much  utility  from  a  trade 
point  of  view,  is  Worcester  Pearmain, 
which  is  also  when  in  fruit  one  of  the 
most  ornamental  varieties  grown.  Bush 
trees  and  small  standards  are  fruiting 
freely  this  year,  and  the  brilliant  colour 
of  the  Apple  renders  the  trees  very  con¬ 
spicuous.  It  is  a  profitable  Apple  to 
grow,  as  it  is  a  good  and  regular  cropper 
in  districts  that  are  not  too  exposed  ; 
and  the  general  appearance  of  the  fruit 
is  so  attractive  that  it  commands  a 
ready  sale  at  remunerative  prices.  It 
is  of  moderate  growth,  compact  inhabit, 
and  prospers  both  on  the  Crab  and 
the  Paradise  ;  but  I  think  that  half¬ 
standards  on  the  Crab  are  more  satis¬ 
factory  in  some  places,  as  there  is  a 
tendency  to  early  exhaustion  and  disease 
on  the  Paradise.  This  is  dependent,  no  doubt,  to  a  great  extent  on 
soil  and  situation,  but  in  a  general  way  the  variety  is  both  reliable 
and  useful.  The  fruit  is  juicy  and  refreshing  direct  from  the  tree,  but 
soon  becomes  woolly  if  stored. 
Williams’  Favourite  is  not  yet  generally  known,  but  it  is  so 
unusually  good  this  year  that  it  demands  a  note.  The  fruit  is  of 
medium  size,  oblong,  with  rather  prominent  rounded  angular  sides  ; 
the  colour  in  bright  crimson  streaks  becoming  intensely  dark  on  the 
side  exposed  to  the  sun.  The  flesh  is  white,  soft,  and  pleasantly 
though  not  highly  flavoured,  but  soon  loses  its  quality  after  gathering, 
though  the  fruit  will  keep  sound  for  some  time.  Upon  a  Paradise 
stock  the  tree  is  somewhat  loose  and  straggling,  and  needs  careful 
pruning.  It  is  rather  better  on  the  Crab. 
Summer  Golden  Pippin  (of  some  authorities),  more  commonly  seen 
as  Yellow  Ingestrie,  is  so  widely  known  that  it  scarcely  requires 
description,  yet  it  cannot  be  passed  unnoticed,  as  though  the  fruit  is 
small,  the  tree  is  so  remarkably  productive  that  it  is  by  no  means  the 
least  profitable  Apple  to  grow  for  sale  in  quantity,  especially  near  a 
town.  Selected  well-developed  fruits  have  a  fine  golden  tint,  and  are 
acceptable  to  those  who  prefer  firm  briskly  flavoured  Apples.  It  makes 
a  rather  loose  tree  on  a  Paradise  stock,  and  is  apt  to  crop  so  freely  that 
thinning  is  needful,  or  the  fruits  are  extremely  small.  On  the  Crab  it 
forms  a  compact  standard,  and  established  trees  bear  wonderful  crops 
of  what  are  often  rather  slightingly  termed  ”  barrow  fruits.” 
Fig.  109.— Pear  Glastonbury. 
