November  1,  1900. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
411 
Magnolia  Dying  (J.  M.'). — No  disease  appears  on  “  the  top  branch 
that  started  to  die  first,”  there  being  no  trace  of  canker  as  caused  by 
fungus,  and  we  consider  it  to  have  been  perfectly  innocent  of  any 
fungoid  pest  of  a  parasitic  nature.  The  appearance  is  that  of  the 
branch  having  died  back  through  lack  of  sap,  the  roots  not  being  able 
to  supply  it  fast  enough  to  the  parts  youngest  and  most  distant,  hence 
in  a  waterlogged  soil  it  is  not  uncommon  to  find  trees  of  various  kinds 
dying  from  the  extremities  downwards,  and  this  we  think  is  the  cause 
in  your  case.  The  water  from  the  roof  you  name  is  undoubtedly 
the  cause  of  the  mischief,  the  stem  or  branches  of  the  Magnolia  being 
kept  more  or  less  wet,  and  then  frost  occurring,  would  cause  the 
destruction  of  the  part,  and  the  decay  of  the  portion  of  branch  or  stem 
below  frequently  follows.  The  part  of  root  stem  wiih  shoots  springing 
from  it  is  far  from  healthy,  there  only  being  sound  bark  where  the 
sucker  has  proceeded.  There  is  no  doubt  of  your  having  done  the 
proper  thing  for  both  the  Magnolia  and  Ampelopsis  in  providing 
a  down  pipe  to  carry  off  the  water  from  the  roof,  and  also  in  preparing 
a  proper  station  for  the  Ampelopsis ;  and  it  would  be  advisable  to 
pursue  a  similar  course  with  the  Magnolia — namely,  root  it  up,  and 
after  duly  preparing  the  ground  plant  a  young  healthy  tree. 
Cracking  in  Pears  {J.  D.,  ja?;.).— The  cause  of  the  cracking  is  attack 
by  a  fungus  named  Fusicladium  dendriticum  var.  pyrinum.  It  attacks 
the  leaves  and  green  shoots  as  well  as  the  fruit,  and  first  appears  on  the 
leaves  or  young  shoots  in  the  shape  of  smoky  greenish  spots,  more  or 
less  circular  in  outline.  These  gradually  enlarge,  and  frequently 
several  of  them  run  together,  so  as  to  form  good  sized  blotches  ;  as  they 
grow  older  their  colour  darkens,  finally  becoming  almost  black.  The 
upper  surface  of  the  leaf  is  usually  affected.  The  parasite  sometimes 
attacks  the  newly  formed  fruit,  which  shrivels  the  young  Pears  and 
causes  them  to  drop.  The  cracking  is  due  to  the  hardening  of  the  skin, 
and  dwarfing  the  growth  of  the  affected  part.  The  disease  may  he 
prevented  by  the  following  treatment  : — In  the  spring,  just  before  the 
leaf  buds  open,  spray  thoroughly  with  dilute  Bordeaux  mixture  (11b.  of 
copper  sulphate  and  1  lb.  of  freshly  burned  lime  to  12^  gallons  of  water). 
Repeat  the  application  a  little  later,  just  before  the  blossoms  open. 
Spray  for  the  third  time  just  after  the  blossoms  have  fallen,  adding 
xoz.  of  Paris  green  paste  for  the  codlin  moth  if  desired.  Ten  days  or 
a  fortnight  after  this  third  application  spray  again  with  the  combination 
of  dilute  Bordeaux  mixture  and  Paris  green  paste.  Care  should  be 
taken  not  to  apply  the  Bordeaux  mixture  too  late  in  the  season. 
Names  of  Fruits. — Ndtice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good  tvpical 
fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of  regular 
subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruits,  and  not  collectors  of 
specimens  from  non -subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is  wholly 
irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow  themselves  to 
be  made ‘the  mediums  in  infringing  oirr  rules.  Special  attention  is 
directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is  to  dis¬ 
courage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  cultuie  ot  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  numhtr  of  worthless  A  pies  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  he  named,  it  has  hien  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  io  reject  the  inferior, 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  grooving.  The  names  and  addresses 
of  senders  of  ^ruit  or  flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed 
with  the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by 
post  or  not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication, 
initials  sufficing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once, 
and  any  beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent 
on  the  first  indication  of  change  towards  rijiening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot 
be  named  in  a  hard  green  state.  The.  practice  of  pinning  numbers  to 
the  eyes  of  the  fruit  tends  to  destroy  one  of  the  most  characteristic 
features  and  increases  the  difficulty  of  identification.  When  Plums  are 
sent  to  be  named  young  wood  of  the  trees  should  accompany  them. 
Leaves  of  the  trees  are  necessary  with  Peaches  and  Nectarines,  with 
information  as  to  whether  the  flowers  are  large  or  small.  (J.  M.)  — 1, 
Bismarck;  2,  Tyler’s  Kernel.  {Rev.  Dr.  D.). — The  specimens  reached 
us  somewhat  crushed  through  being  fully  ripe  when  packed ;  they  are 
probably  Beurre  Hardy.  (P.  L.). — There  was  no  number  on  the 
yellow  Apple,  which  is  Golden  Noble;  3,  Beauty  of  Kent;  4,  Blenheim 
Pippin,,  highly  coloured  ;  5,  Maltster.  The  Pear  wes  crushed  beyond 
the  possibility  of  identification.  (IP.  H.  M.). —  1,  Maltster;  2,  AValtham 
Abbey  Seedling.  (E.  IF.). — 2,  Sussex  Ducksbill ;  3,  Hamblednn 
Ueux  Ans;  4,  Nonpareil;  5,  Baddow  Pippin.  None  of  the  others  is 
characteristic  of  any  known  varieties,  and  if  the  specimens  are  typical 
they  are  not  worth  growing.  {C.  R  )  —1,  Gloria  Mundi ;  2,  Winter 
Hawthornden  ;  3,  Carlisle  Codlin  ;  4,  Northern  Greening  ;  5,  Yorkshire 
Greening;  6,  Roundway  Magnum  Bonum.  (IF.  B.  B). —  1,  Potts’ 
Seedling;  2,  Lane’s  Prince  Albert;  3,  Tower  of  Glamis ;  4,  Lord 
Derby;  5,  Bedfordshire  Foundling;  6,  Hanwell  Souring.  {R.P.  H.). 
— 1,  Gloucestershire  Costard;  2,  Adam’s  Pearmain ;  3,  Fearn’s  Pippin. 
{E.  C  S.). —  1,  Aromatic  Russet ;  2,  Beauty  of  Kent;  3,  Yorkshire  Beauty 
4,  Cellini;  5,  New  Hawthornden;  G,  Golden  Noble. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  ar  d 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  arenecessary  of  flowern  wr 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive 
in  a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  i  .i 
a  flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form 
the  best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  tlm 
best  condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh 
grass,  as  to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent 
to  rest  in  the  post  office  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery 
of  postal  matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are 
invariably  injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not 
more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should 
be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to 
separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp.  (J.  M.). — The  Grass  is 
probably  the  Wavy  Hair  Grass  (Aira  flexuosa),  but  it  is  almost 
impossible  to  distinguish  the  species  without  the  inflorescence.  {L.  D.). 
— 1,  Maxillaria  picta ;  2,  Odontoglossum  crispum,  poor  form;  3,  G. 
hystrix.  (JT.  H.). —  1,  Cotoneaster  Simmondsi ;  2,  Andromeda  flori- 
bunda  ;  3,  Garrya  elliptica  ;  4,  Cotoneaster  microphylla ;  5,  Crataegus, 
pyracantha ;  6,  Skimmia  japonica. 
Covent  Garden  market. — October  31st. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Fruit. 
Apples,  table,  J  bu.sh. 
„  cooking,  bush. 
Cobnuts,  (loz.  lb.,  best 
Figs,  green,  doz. 
Grajies,  ]>lack . 
,,  white . 
Lemons,  case  . 
Melons,  house,  each 
,,  water,  case 
Nectarines,  doz. 
v verage 
Artichokes,  green, doz.  ... 
■  Asparagais  (Sprue  Grass) 
Aubergines 
Beans,  scarlet,  bush. 
Beet,  red,  doz. ... 
Bnrssels  Sjirouts,  sieve 
Cabbages,  tally 
Carrots,  doz.  bnch. 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
Celery,  bundle  . 
Cucumbers,  doz 
Endive,  score 
Herbs,  bunch 
Leeks,  bunch 
fl.  (1. 
a.  d. 
8.  (1. 
8. 
2  0  to  3  (i 
Oranges,  case . 
10  0tol5  0- 
1  6 
.’i  0 
Peaches,  doz.  small . 
1  0 
2  0 
4  0 
.5  0 
,,  doz.  good  size  ... 
(■>  0 
9  0 
0  6 
0  10 
Pears,  crate  . 
3  0 
7  0 
0  6 
2  fl 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
3  0 
6  0 
1  6 
3  0 
Plums,  i  bush . 
1  0 
2  6 
10  0 
20  0 
,,  Californian,  case 
4  0 
6  0 
0  6 
1  6 
,,  stewing,  case  of 
3  6 
.5  0 
72  to  120  . 
4  6 
fl  6 
1  6 
9  (1 
Wh: 
lesale 
Prices.  —  Vegetables. 
s.  d. 
a.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
3  0  to  4  0 
Lettuce,  doz . 
0  9  to  0  0 
1  0 
1  3 
,,  Cos,  score . 
0  6 
2  0 
1  0 
1  6 
,,  Paris  Green 
0 
fi  0 
2  (1 
3  0 
Mint,  green,  <loz.  bnchs. 
2  (1 
0  0 
0  6 
0  0 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb.  ... 
1  3 
1  6 
1  6 
2  0 
,,  outdoor,  lb. 
0  4 
0  6 
3  0 
.5  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  punt. 
0  2 
0  0 
2  0 
3  (1 
Onions,  Dutch,  bag 
4  (1 
4  6 
1  0 
2  0 
,,  English,  cwt.  ... 
0 
0  0 
1  0 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
0  0 
1  6 
3  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
3  0 
5  0 
1  6 
0  0 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  2 
0  3 
0  2 
0  0 
S])inach,  bush . 
1  0 
1  6 
0  U 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  English,  lb.  ... 
0  2 
0  5 
Turnips,  doz . 
2  0 
3  O' 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.  —  Cut  Flowers. 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
a.  d.  s. 
1  flto2 
1. 
6 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
1  (» 
3 
0 
bunches . 
Cattleyas,  doz . 
Chrysanthemums,  dozen 
9  0 
21 
0 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
Odontoglossums  . 
blooms  . 
1  0 
3 
0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
R.oses  (indoor),  doz. 
Gardenias,  doz . 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
1  0 
2 
(1 
,,  Red,  doz . 
,,  Safrano.  doz . 
bunches . 
r,  0 
9 
0 
„  Tea,  white,  doz.  ... 
Lilac,  white,  bunch. 
4  0 
() 
0 
,,  Yellow, doz.  (Perlcs) 
Liliuin  lancifolium  album 
1  ( : 
2 
fi 
„  English,  La  France, 
,,  ,,  rubrum 
1  f. 
2 
(i 
doz . 
,,  various ...  . 
2  0 
3 
0 
Smila.K,  buncli . 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  bun. 
(i  0 
15  0 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
4  0  to  8  0 
2(1  4  0 
2  0  4  0 
3  0  4  0 
2  0  4  0i 
1  0  2  0< 
1  (1  2  O' 
10  3  0 
2  0  4  0' 
1  0  2  O' 
2.  0  4  O'. 
Average 
Acers,  doz . 
Arbor  Vit.T?,  var.,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
Azaleas,  various,  each 
Boronias,  doz . 
Cannas,  doz . 
Crotons,  doz . 
Draciena,  var.,  doz. 
Draciena,  viridis,  tloz. 
Erica,  various,  doz. 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
Ferns,  var..  doz. 
small,  10b  ... 
Ficus  elastica.  each 
Whole-ale  Prices —Plant-  in  Pots 
s.  d. 
8.  (1.  ■ 
8. 
d. 
8.  d;. 
12  0to2t  0 . 
Foliage  ))la.nt.s,  var;. 
each 
1 
0  to  5  0 
fi  0 
3!)  0 
Geraniums,  scarlet. 
doz. 
r, 
(1 
10  0 
18  0 
30  0 
.,  ])ink.  d'oz 
8 
0 
10  0 
15  0 
20  0 
Hvdrangeas,  white. 
each 
2 
6 
5  0 
2  0 
5  0 
„  pink.  doz.  .. 
12 
0 
15  6 
20  0 
21  0 
))anicnlata, 
each 
1 
0 
3  0 
18  0 
0  0 
Lilinm  Harrisi,  doz 
8 
0 
18  O' 
18  0 
30  0 
Lvcojiodiiuns,  doz.  .. 
.3 
p 
6  0 
12  0 
30  0 
Mai'guerite  Daisv,  d( 
)Z. . . . 
8 
0 
10  0 
9  0 
18  0 
Mignonette,  doz. 
8 
P 
12  0 
8  0 
18  0 
Mvrtles,  doz . 
C 
P 
9  0 
(i  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each 
1 
P 
lo  0 
4  0 
18  0 
,,  SlK'cilUl^HS 
21 
(( 
03  0 
4  0 
18  0 
Roses,  doz . 
0 
P 
18  0 
4  0 
8  0 
Stocks,  doz . 
8 
P 
12  0 
1  (1 
7  fl 
Gardeners’  Charitable  and  Provident  Institutions- 
The  Gardeners’  Royal  Benevolent  Institution.  Secretary, 
Mr.  G.  J.  Ingram,  175,  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 
United  Horticultural  Benefit  and  Provident  Society. — Secretary, 
Mr.  W.  Collins,  9,  Martindale  Road,  Balham,  London,  S.W. 
Boyal  Gardener.s’  Orphan  ¥vv!V>.— Secretary,  Mr.  Brian  Wynne^ 
8,  Danes  Inn,  Strand.  London.  W.C. 
