November  15,  1900. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
455 
Diseased  Pear  {J.  M.  W.). — The  specimen  has  every  appearance  of 
having  been  attacked,  in  the  early  stages  of  development,  by  scale. 
You  could  not  err  by  syringing  during  the  winter  with  a  dilute 
petroleum  solution,  or  by  cleansing  thoroughly  with  the  caustic  soda 
solution  that  has  been  so  frequently  recommended  in  our  columns. 
Grubs  at  Boots  of  Double  Primulas  fP  J.  P.). — The  grubs  are  those 
of  the  grooved  or  black  Vine  weevil  (Otiorhynchus  sulcatus),  which, 
in  the  larval  or  grub  state,  is  very  destructive  to  the  roots  and  under¬ 
ground  parts'  of  many  plants,  and,  in  the  beetle  stage,  to  the  foliage, 
especially  fronds  of  Adiantums.  We  have  not  known  the  pests  to 
attack  Primulas  before,  the  grubs  having  eaten  the  base  and  scooped 
out  the  stem.  To  prevent  this  pest  attacking  the  plants  is  extremely 
difficult,  as  it  begins  underground  on  the  roots.  The  chief  point  is  to 
look  for  the  beetles  in  the  early  summer  months,  and  up  to  about  July 
or  August,  they  feeding  at  night,  and  should  be  searched  for  with  a 
lantern  after  dark,  being  very  cautious,  as  they  are  easily  alarmed,  and 
fall  when  alarmed,  shamming  death  for  a  short  time.  Place  some  white 
cloths  or  sheets  of  paper  beneath  the  plants  on  which  the  beetles  feed, 
as  these  being  shaken  the  beetles  drop  and  can  readily  be  collected  into 
a  vessel  containing  some  petroleum.  Perhaps  the  beetles  could  be 
prevented  depositing  eggs  by  spraying  the  plants  with  gas  tar  water, 
an  ounce  of  gas  tar  bsine  boiled  in  a  quart  of  water  for  about  half  an 
hour,  or  until  it  will  readily  mix  with  water,  then  diluting  to  PJ  gallons. 
The  spraying  may  be  done  over  the  whole  house,  stages,  walls,  &c.,  but 
very  lightly  over  the  plants,  and  about  once  a  month,  the  middle  of 
June,  July,  and  August,  three  times  in  all.  The  infested  plants  should 
be  turned  out  and  cleaned  of  the  grubs. 
Cordyline  Treatment  where  there  is  not  a  Frost-proof  Greenhouse 
(F.  E.  TF.). — We  presume  the  species  is  one  of  the  hardier  ones,  such  as 
C.  australis,  which  is  that  commonly  grown  for  subtropical  gardening 
and  general, decorative  work,  even  in  shops,  such  as  those  of  fruiterers 
and  also  in  those  of  butchers  and  grocers.  In  these  positions  the  plants 
are  subject  to  draughts,  drying  and  cold  currents  of  air,  and  it  is 
astonishing  how  well  the  plants  endure  the  ordeal,  having  a  fresh 
appearance  in  the  cold  winter  months.  Indeed  this  species  is  hardy  in 
warmer  parts  of  England  and  Ireland,  and  it  would  succeed  in  the 
greenhouse,  though  not  frost. proof,  until  the  approach  of  severe 
weather,  when  the  plants  could  be  removed  to  a  light  room  from  which 
frost  is  excluded,  the  plant  being  kept  on  the  dry  side  as  regards  the 
moisture  of  the  soil,  yet  not  so  dry  as  to  cause  the  foliage  to  wither. 
In  the  greenhouse  it  would  not  take  any  harm  unless  the  weather  was 
very  severe,  provided  the  pot  was  protected  with  dry  material,  such  as 
hay  or  soft  straw,  in  order  to  prevent  the  soil  from  freezing,  or  in  case 
of  that  occurring,  keeping  the  plants  covered  up  from  the  sun,  or  in  the 
dark  until  the  soil  has  thawed.  The  plant,  however,  would  be  best  kept 
over  the  winter  in  a  room  from  which  frost  is  excluded,  assigning  it  a 
light  position,  and  observing  the  conditions  before  alluded  to  as 
regards  moisture.  It  would  winter  safely  in  a  room  window,  from 
whence  it  could  be  transferred  to  the  greenhouse  in  the  spring. 
Winter  Cheer  Carnation  Diseased  (IF.  B.  T.). — The  plant  is  badly 
infested — indeed,  the  “grass’’  nearly  all  destroyed — by  the  “  fairy- 
ring  spot”  fungus,  Heterosporium  echinulatum.  The  spores  are  brow n 
in  colour,  and  when  produced  in  great  numbers,  together  with  the 
threads,  darken  the  spot  upon  the  leaf.  The  spot  then  possesses 
different  shades  of  colour,  according  to  the  number  of  spores  produced  ; 
and  as  the  spots  run  into  each  other  the  whole  leaf,  or  a  large  portion 
of  it  withers,  ■  because  the  fungus  has  destroyed  the  tissues  and 
abstracted  their  substance.  The  growth  of  the  fungus  from  the  centre 
of  the  spot  is  centrifugal,  and  the  dark  colour  is  apt  to  be  arranged  in 
concentric  lines  or  rings,  representing  a  miniature  fairy  ring.  This 
fungus  was  first  described  in  England  ,on  Carnations  thirty  years  ago, 
and  is  most  prevalent  when  the  plants  are  kept  in  a  close  and  damp 
atmosphere.  The  conditions  essential  to  enable  Carnations  to  resist 
this  pest  are  (1)  foliage  free  from  heavy  moisture,  (2)  free  circulation 
of  air  about  the  plant  upon  all  sides,  and  (3)  an  atmosphere  charged  at 
regular  intervals  with  a  fungicide.  The  latter  may  be  either  in  the 
form  of  liquid,  or' in  that  of  a  powder.  The  three  best  compounds 
are  : — 1,  Potassium  sulphide,  1  oz.  to  10  gallons  of  water.  2,  Bordeaux 
mixture  :  Sulphate  of  copper,  1  lb.  ;  lime,  unslaked,  1  lb. ;  water, 
11  gallons.  3,  Ammoniacal  carbonate  of  copper:  Copper  carbonate, 
1  oz.  ;  strongest  ammonia,  1  pint  ;  water,  10  gallons.  Of  these 
preparations  it  may  be  observed  that  the  sulphide  of  potassium  has  a 
somewhat  unpleasant  smell  and  discolours  paint,  the  Bordeaux  mixture 
gives  the  plants  a  whitewashed  appearance,  and  the  ammoniacal 
carbonate  of  copper  solution  has  the  advantage  of  not  discolouring  the 
plants.  It  is  probably  the  best  of  the  three  mixtures.  The  spraying 
should  be  performed  about  every  ten  days  whilst  the  new  “grass”  is 
being  made,  so  as  to  coat  it  with  a  thin  film  of  the  protected  substance. 
After  being  fully  developed  an  occasional  spray  will  suffice  to  keep  the 
pest  without  the  plants.  Instead  of  spraying,  a  fungicide  in  powder 
containing  sulphate  of  copper  may  be  used,  such  as  anti-blight, 
fostite,  and  strawsonite,  applying  by  means  of  a  bellows  apparatus,  it 
is  well  to  remember  that  the  germs  of  the  disease  enter  from  without, 
through  the  breathing  pores  of  the  leaf.  The  preventive  or  so-called 
remedy,  therefore,  must  be  applied  before  the  germs  enter  the  plant. 
Above  all  things  keep  the  house  clean  and  sunny  and  well  aired,  and 
keep  the  plants  up  from  the  earth.  Neglect  in  these  respects  often 
engenders  trouble,  which  it  is  almost  impossible  to  combat  without 
destroying  all  affected  plants. 
Primula  with  Crested  Leaves  (W.  J.). — The  leaf  sent  is  decidedly 
novel  and  attractive  in  appearance,  the  edges  being  beautifully  crested 
and  corrugated.'  We  have  frequently  seen  Primula  leaves  with  a  similar 
tendency,  though  in  no  case  has  the  cristation  been  so  pronounced.  It 
is  decidedly  worth  growing,  and  will  form  a  novel  addition  to  any 
collection  of  Primulas.  The  flowers  were  somewhat  withered  when 
they  reached  us,  but  appear  to  be  of  the  star-shaped  strain,  which 
originated  from  White  Lady. 
Names  of  Fruit  (G.  F.). — 1,  Northern  Greening;  2,  Golden  Spire ; 
3,  Golden  Knob  ;  4,  King  of  the  Pippins;  5,  Round  'Winter  Nonesuch; 
6,  Roundway  Magnum  Bonum.  (ff.  J,  E.). — 1,  Rosemary  Russet;  2, 
Adam's  Pearmain  ;  3,  Mannington’s  Pearmain ;  4,  New  Hawthornden  ; 
5,  unknown  and  worthless.  Kindly  read  reply  to  “  H.  J.,”  page  433, 
last  issue.  (P.  N.). — 1,  Cox’s  Orange  Pippin  ;  2,  Cobham  ;  3,  Claygate 
Pearmain.  (TF.  0.  J?.). — I,  Court  of  Wick;  2,  Hoary  Morning;  3, 
Wellington  ;  4,  Cellini  ;  5,  Warner’s  King  ;  G,  Gloria  Mundi.  (A.  Q.). 
1,  Pitmaston  Duchess;  2,  Marechal  de  Cour :  3,  Glou  Morgeau ;  4, 
Easter  Beurre;  5,  Knight’s  Monarch;  6,  Swan’^  Egg.  (Edu'ards). — 
1,  Ashmead’s  Kernel;  2,  Rosermary  Busset ;  3,  Scarlet  Nonpareil. 
(Amy). — The  large  Pear  is  Uvedale’s  St.  Germain,  the  small  one 
Bergamotte  Esperen.  (D.  T.)  — The  Apple  is  Alfriston. 
Names  of  Plants  (G.  F.  F.). — 1,  Ophiopogon  Jaburan  variegatum  ; 
2,  Berberis  vulgaris ;  3,  Impatiens  Hookeri ;  4,  Colletia  spinosa. 
(4.  G.). — 1,  Laelia  antumnalis;  2,  Cypripedinm  insigne ;  3,  Pteris 
serrulata  cristata  ;  4,  P.  cretica  albo-lineata  ;  5,  Woodwardia  radicans. 
(B.  A.). — Tecoma  radicans.  (C.  //.).— 1,  Lycaste  Skinneri ;  2, 
Odontoglossnm  crispum.  (F.  C.  B.) — 1,  Rue'lia  Portellm;  2. 
Selaginella  Braunei ;  3,  Adhatoda  cydoniaTolia  ;  4,  Geitonoplesium 
cymosum. 
Covent  Garden  Market, — November  14tli. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Apples,  table,  ^  bush.  ... 
2  0  to  4  6 
,,  cooking,  bush.  .. . 
1  6 
5  0 
Cobnuts,  doz.  lb.,  be.st  ... 
4  0 
5  0 
Figs,  green,  doz . 
Grapes,  black . 
0  6 
010 
0  6 
2  6 
,,  white . 
1  6 
3  0 
Lemons,  case  . 
S  0 
25  0 
Melons,  house,  each 
0  6 
2  6 
,,  water,  case 
3  6 
5  0 
Average 
Wholesale 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Artichokes,  green, doz.  ... 
3  0  to  4  0 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve 
2  0 
0  0 
Asparagus  (Sprue  Grass) 
0  8 
0  0 
,,  Paris  Green 
4  6 
5  0 
Aubergines  . 
1  0 
1  6 
Beans,  French,  per  lb.  . 
0  4 
0  6 
,,  Jersey,  per  lb.  ... 
II  9 
0  0 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
0  6 
0  0 
Brussels  Sprouts,  sieve. . . 
1  6 
0  0 
Cabbages,  tally 
3  0 
5  0 
Carrots,  doz.  bneh . 
2  (1 
3  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
Celery,  bundle . 
1  0 
0  0 
Cucumbers,  doz . 
1  6 
3  0 
Endive,  score  . 
1  6 
0  0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Avei  age  Wholesale 
s.  d. 
s.d. 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch 
1  6  to  2  6 
Carnations,  12  blooms  . . . 
1  0 
3  0 
Cattleyas,  doz . 
Chrysanthemums,  dozen 
9  (1 
24  0 
blooms  . 
1  0 
3  0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
2  (i 
3  0 
Gardenias,  doz . 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
1  0 
2  0 
bunches . 
6  0 
9  0 
Lilac,  white,  bunch. 
4  0 
6  0 
Lilium  lancifolium  album 
1  6 
2  6 
,,  „  rubrum 
1  6 
2  6 
,,  various . 
2  0 
3  0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  bun. 
6  0 
15  0 
Average  'Wholesale  Prices. — Fruit. 
Nectarines,  doz . 
Oranges,  ease . 
Peaches,  doz.  small . 
,,  doz.  good  size  .. . 
Pears,  crate  . 
„  stewing,  case  of 
72  to  120 . 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
Plums,  i  bush . 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
Lettuce,  doz.  French  . . . 
,,  Cos,  score . 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb.  ... 
,,  outdoor,  lb. 
Mustard  and  Cress,  pnnt. 
Onions,  Dutch,  bag 
,,  English,  cwt.  ... 
Parsley,  doz.  bnohs. 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
Seakale,  best,  doz . 
,,  2nd,  doz . 
Shallots,  lb . 
Spinach,  bush . 
Tomatoes,  English,  Hi.  ... 
Turnips,  doz . 
'rices. — Cut  Flowtrs  *" 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
bunches . 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
Odontoglossums  . 
Roses  (indoor),  doz. 
,,  Red,  doz . 
,.  Safrano,  doz . 
„  Tea,  white,  doz.  ... 
,,  Yellow, doz.  (Perles) 
,,  English,  La  France, 
doz . 
Smilax,  hunch . 
s.  d.  3.  d. 
1  flto9  0 
10  0  15  0 
1  0  2  0 
fl  II  9  0 
3  0  7  0 
10  0  6 
3  0  6  0 
3  6  0  0 
s.  d.  3.  d. 
0  HtoO  0 
1  0 
II  IS 
1  0 
0  4 
0  2 
4  (I 
5  11 
2  0 
3  (I 
24  (I 
12  (I 
0  2 
1  0 
0  2 
2  (I 
s.  d. 
1  3 
2  0 
0  0 
0  6 
0  0 
4  6 
0  0 
0  0 
7  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  3 
1  0 
0  5 
3  0 
4  otoS  II 
2  II  1  0 
2  II 
3  II 
2  0 
1  II 
1  t; 
1  II 
2  0 
1  II 
2  0 
1  0 
4  (I 
4  0 
2  0 
2  (I 
3  0 
1  0 
2  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices.- 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
-Plants  in  Pots 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
Acers,  doz . 
Arbor  Vitm,  var.,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
Azaleas,  various,  e.ich 
Boronias,  doz . 
Gannas,  doz . 
Crotons,  doz . 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz. 
Dracaena,  viridis,  iloz. 
Erica,  various,  doz. 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
Ferns,  var.,  doz. 
,,  small,  100 
Ficus  elastica,  eacli 
...  12  0to24 
0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0to5  0 
...  6  0 
36 
0 
Geraniums,  scarlet,  doz. 
6  0 
10  0 
...  18  0 
36 
0 
,,  pink,  doz.  ... 
8  0 
10  0 
...  15  0 
20 
0 
Hydrangeas,  white,  each 
2  6 
5  0 
..  2  6 
5 
0 
,,  pink,  doz . 
12  II 
15  6 
...  20  0 
24 
0 
,,  paniculata,  each 
1  II 
3  II 
.  .  18  0 
0 
0 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz 
8  II 
18  (1 
...  18  0 
30 
0 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
3  II 
6  0 
...  12  0 
30 
0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.... 
8  II 
10  (I 
...  90 
18 
0 
Mignonette,  doz . 
8  II 
12  0 
...  8  0 
18 
0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  II 
9  0 
...  6  0 
18 
0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each 
1  0 
15  0 
...  40 
18 
0 
,,  specimens  . 
21  II 
6:1  0 
...  40 
18 
0 
Roses,  doz . 
6  II 
18  0 
...  40 
8 
0 
Stocks,  doz . 
8  0 
12  0 
...  1  G 
i 
6 
