478 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
Novcinlu'f 
may  often  bo  obtained  wbeii  the  season  is  short,  owing  to  inch  inent 
weather  and  otlier  causes,  which  it  would  be  impossible  to  obtain  from 
any  other  system. 
I'sefnl  bivis  can  bo  made  from  packing  cases  and  similar  boxes, 
which  may  bo  obtained  from  shopkeepers  at  the  cost  of  a  few  ])enco. 
Having  a  jrattern  hive  to  work  from  no  mistake  will  bo  mule  in  the 
dimensions.  The  floor  board  should  bo  movable.  This  is  a  groat 
advantage  in  rtmoviug  the  debris  which  will  accumulate  in  the  winter, 
also  if  the  lloor  board  should  become  damp  from  any  cause.  It  is 
important  that  the  roof  bo  waterproof;  thin  zinc  strained  over  the 
wood  answers  the  pnri)08e  admirably. — An  English  llRK-KKKrKU. 
All  correspondence  relating  to  editorial  matters  should  bo  directed 
to  “'PlIK  Eimtou,”  12,  mitre  Court  Chambers,  Fleet  Street, 
Iiondon,  E.c.  It  is  recpi  sted  that  no  one  will  write  privately 
to  any  of  our  correspondents,  seeking  information  on  matters 
discu.ssed  in  this  Journal,  as  doing  so  subjects  them  to  unjustifiable 
trouble  and  expense. 
Hoses  for  an  East  Wall  (fl.i/ord). — The  following  climbing  varieties 
would  be  the  most  suitable  for  your  purpose  : — llanunoiditlora,  white 
Hushed  pink,  an  evergreeti,  therefore  especially  useful  in  winter  ; 
William  Allen  lliohardsoiv,  apricot  ;  Gloire  de  Dijon,  too  well  known  to 
need  description  ;  Longworth  Ivaiubler,  bright  red,  oontinuous  bloomer ; 
Ainiee  Vibert,  a  pure  white,  free  autumn  llowering  variety;  Perlo  des 
Jardius,  golden  yellow.  Perhaps  the  best  stock  for  all  purposes  is  the 
seedling  Brier,  nlthouch  the  bulk  of  these  named  will  succeed  on  their 
own  roots,  grown  from  cuttings  inserted  early  in  September. 
Top-dressing  for  Fig  Tree  (Homo).— Wo  should  certainly  again  top. 
dress  the  Fig  tree  with  the  mixture  named  on  November  2nd,  181)9, 
page  ;il)2,  which,  with  the  treatment  advised,  we  are  pleased  to  hear 
has  resulted  in  a  fair  crop  of  fruit  on  the  tree  that  had  not  borne  any 
during  the  previous  lifty  years.  The  mixture  may  be  used  for  Apples, 
Pears,  and  Plums,  applying  in  the  autumn  or  early  spring. 
Diseased  Pear  (Won). — The  fruit  is  so  abnormal  ns  not  to  admit 
of  identification,  being  more  or  less  browned,  and  dark  blotched  and 
spotted  in  the  skin,  through  attack  of  brown  rot  fungus,  Monilia 
fruotigena,  of  which  the  fructifying  parts  are  only  just  appearing  on 
the  surface  of  diseased  patches.  There  are  also  traces  of  scab  fungus, 
Cladosporium  deudiilicum  var.  pyrinum.  The  treatment  for  both  pests 
is  to  spray  with  diluted  Bordeaux  mixture  (I  lb.  copper  sulphate  and 
1  lb.  quicklime  to  12.J  gallons  of  water)  in  spring,  just  before  the  leaf 
buds  begin  to  swell,  making  a  thorough  application.  Repeat  the 
dressing  a  little  later,  just  before  the  blossoms  open.  Spray  for  the 
third  time  just  after  the  blossoms  have  fallen,  and  ten  days  after  this 
third  application  spray  again,  it  not  being  advisable  to  spray  later  on 
early  ripening  Pears,  but  the  fungus  attacks  three-parts  and"  even  full- 
grown  fruit,  the  spores  coming  from  infested  at  a  considerable 
distance,  therefore  the  treatment  unless  general  is  not  always  effectual. 
All  diseased  fruit  should  bo  destroyed  by  lire,  not  leaving  them  on  the 
ground  or  throwing  on  the  rubbish  heap,  as  from  these  the  spores  that 
start  the  disease  anew  proceed  in  the  spring. 
Decayed  Celery  (!t.  IT.  D.). — The  stick  of  Celery  is  quite  rotten 
in  the  centre,  and  a  portion  of  this  decayed  substance  contained  root- 
stem  eel  worm,  Tylenchus  obtusus.  This  pest  may  or  may  not  have  been 
the  cause  of  the  decay,  the  primary  agent  being  probably  the  futigus, 
which  has  infested  the  young  leaves  in  the  hearts  of  the  heads  before 
the  plants  were  finally  earthed  up,  and  this  destroying  the  tissues  has 
induced  decay  and  attraoed  the  eel  worm.  Of  course  there  may  have 
been  other  causes,  such  as  nitrate  of  soda,  or  other  chemical  substance, 
applied  to  the  plants  as  fertilisers,  which  in  the  hearts  of  the  plants 
destroys  the  tender  parts,  and  the  centres  of  the  heads  rot  right  away 
to  the  base.  The  spots  on  the  leaves  are  caused  by  the  Celery  blight 
fungus,  Cercoepora  aptii,  which  is  a  destructive  pest.  Its  presence  is 
usually  first  seen  in  the  shape  of  small,  irregular,  yellowish  green  spots, 
less  than  a  quarter  of  an  inch  iu  diameter,  upon  the  leaves.  These 
spots  increase  rapidly  in  size,  and  soon  change  to  a  brown  colour.  It  is 
important  that  the  refuse  leaves  affected  by  the  disease  be  gathered 
and  burnt,  and  to  prevent  attack  and  restrict  the  spreading  of  the 
malady  spray  about  every  fortnight  or  three  weeks  with  liver  of 
sulphur,  1  oz.  to  10  gallons  of  water,  from  pricking  off  the  plants  up 
to  the  time  of  blanching.  Apart  from  the  foregoing  the  Celery  has 
every  appearance  of  “soft  rot,”  the  c  ntral  portions  of  the  plants 
rotting.  This  has  been  leferred  to  minute  bacteria,  and  especially 
attacks  plants  banked  in  wet  places,  sometimes  causing  serious  losses. 
Roses  for  Back  Wall  of  Span-roof  Rose  Houses  (0.  />.). — The  three 
earliest  and  beat  Kos(>s  for  such  position  are  Safrano,  faw'u,  bud  fine, 
semi-double;  Isabella  Siirunt,  yellow,  semi-double;  and  I’apa  Gontier, 
rosy  ciimaon,  aemi-double.  Three  second  e!irly  are  Madame  Charles, 
bright  apricot,  beautifid  in  bud  ;  Madame  Faloot,  rich  orange  yellow  ; 
and  Sunset,  apricot  yellow.  These  will  bo  Hutlioient,  being  a  little  over 
a  yard  apart,  but  if  you  have  half,  or  preferably  full,  standards 
between  them,  the  following  would  suit  ;  Bridesmaid  pink  ;  Catherine 
Mormet,  fiesh-coloiired  rose;  Maman  Cochet  rose  shaded  carmine,  and 
yellowish  salmon;  The  Bride,  creamy  white;  and  Madame  Hoste, 
yellow.  All  are  Tea-scented,  and  give  flowers  in  snocossion  more  or 
less  throughout  the  year.  They  are  not  climbers,  but  grow  vigorously 
in  well-made  borders. 
Pear  Twigs  Infested  with  Scale  (G.  7'.). — The  shoots  are  badly 
infested  with  mussel  scale  (Mytilaspis  pornorum).  The  trees  should 
bo  unfastened  from  the  wall  and  dressed  with  n  solution  of  caustic  soda 
(98  per  cent',  purity)  and  oomineroial  potash  or  pearlash,  ^  lb.  of  each 
to  (!  gallons  of  water.  Ajiply  with  a  brush  at  a  femperaturo  of  130” 
to  l't0“,  moistening  every  part  of  the  branches  and  twigs,  the  back  as 
well  as  the  front  of  the  branches.  This  is  a  very  tedious  process, 
therefore  spray  the  trees  with  the  solution  so  as  to  wet  every  part,  yet 
not  drench  so  as  to  run  down  to  the  roots.  Clioosea  fine  day,  and  whilst 
the  trees  are  quite  dormant.  This  will  mostly  prove  cITeotual,  and  in 
the  spring  ttie  trees  may  be  syringed  with  paralliu  emulsion,  or  a  solution 
made  by  dissolving  1|  lb.  of  sofisoap  in  a  gallon  of  water  by  boiling, 
and  when  dissolved,  removing  from  the  tire  and  adding  a  gill  (quarter 
pint)  of  paratlin  oil,  stirring  briskly,  and  when  amilgamaled  diluting 
to  10  gallons  with  hot  water,  using  when  cool  enough.  Apply  at  the 
end  of  May  and  again  the  second  week  in  June. 
Manure  for  Outdoor  Mushroom  Culture  (.taaiioits). — As  you  cannot 
procure  a  large  (piantity  of  manure  at  once,  oidy  getting  a  cartload  or 
two  a  week,  it  would  be  better  to  wait  a  short  time  until  a  sutlicient 
quantity  has  been  obtained  for  making  up  the  bed.  The  manure  must 
bo  B()read  out  thinly,  so  as  not  to  heat  until  the  time  of  sweetening, 
which  at  this  period  of  year  is  best  done  under  cover,  and  it  is  abso- 
lately  necessary  that  the  materials  be  kept  from  excessive  wet. 
Bartioulars  on  these  points  will  be  found  in  “  Mushrooms  for  the 
Million,”  which  you  have,  and  should  carefully  follow  in  order  to  attain 
success.  The  prices  of  forced  Mushrooms  quoted  on  November  Ist  apply 
to  outdoor  ridge  as  well  as  to  those  grown  in  Mushroom  houses,  the 
outdoor  referring  to  the  Mushrooms  gathered  from  fields.  It  is  not 
possible  to  get  an  average  wholesale  price  of  Is.  per  lb.,  or  even  half  of 
that  in  mai.y  instances.  The  1-lb.  punnet  is  t)ie  usual  style  of  packing 
Mushrooms  for  market,  and  the  way  is  well  described  and  figured  in 
the  book  niferred  to.  Before  embarking  on  Mushroom  culture  it  would 
bo  well  to  make  inquiries  and  arrange  with  salesmen  or  customers  for 
the  prospective  produce. 
Japanese  and  Incurved  Chrysantbemums  (Weekly  Reader). — The 
undermentioned  varieties  will  bo  found  Suitable  for  conservatory 
decoration  : — Viviand  Morel,  mauve  pink  ;  Gharles  Davis,  yellow 
shaded  crimson  bronze;  Lady  Ilanham,  cerise  and  salmon;  Fdw’in 
Molyneux,  crimson,  gold  reverse;  G.  J.  Warren,  yellow;  Mrs.  Mease, 
primrose  yellow ;  Madame  Carnot,  white;  Lord  Luillow,  yellow,  bronze 
edging ;  Miss  Alice  Byron,  white  ;  Lord  Salisbury,  crimson  suffused 
yellow ;  Soleil  d’Oetobre,  yellow  ;  Mrs.  Barkley,  colour  soft  rosy 
mauve;  Mrs.  Coombs,  rosy  lilac;  Mutual  Friend,  ivory  white;  Bride 
of  Madford,  deep  rich  plum  ;  Mrs.  J.  Lewis,  white;  Oceana,  rich 
golden  yellow  ;  Mr.  T.  Carrington,  rosy  purple  ;  Nellie  Beckett,  white, 
<lwarf  habit ;  Blucbus,  buttercup  yellow ;  Mbns.  Chenon  do  Leohe, 
salmon  red;  Mrs.  J.  Bryant,  rose  pink;  Mr.  A.  Barrett,  dark  rose 
shaded  chamois  ;  Mrs.  Weeks,  pearly  white;  Matthew  Hodgson,  bright 
red.  Incurved  :  C.  II.  Curtis,  rich  yellow  ;  Duchess  of  Fife,  white 
tinted  lilac;  Ma  Borfection,  pure  white,  dwarf;  Mrs.  R.  C.  Kingston, 
peach  pink;  Yvonne  Desblanc,  ivory  white  tinted  blush;  Robert 
Betlield,  silvery  mauve  ;  lalene,  rosy  pink;  Mrs.  G.  Williams,  golden 
yellow;  llanwell  Glory,  bronze  yellow;  C.  H.  Whituall,  rich  plum 
purple. 
Carnations  Infested  by  Pests  ( J.  11'.). — The  two  plants  named 
“  Jlephisto”  have  had  the  “hearts”  eaten  out  by  the  Carnation  tly, 
Ilylemyia  nigricans,  larvao  or  maggots.  The  11  v  resembles  the  common 
house  tly,  but  is  much  smaller,  and  is  notable  for  attacking  young 
plants,  especially  seedlings.  Usually,  however,  it  is  culy  the  central 
portion  that  is  destroyed,  the  atfeoted  plants  pushing  side  shoots  lower 
down,  and  these  are  not  affected  by  the  maggots.  The  Hies  appear  in 
the  early  part  of  summer,  and  there  are  probably  more  than  one  brood 
in  a  season.  The  only  preventive  likely  to  prove  elYeotive  is  to  spray 
the  plants  with  tar  water,  an  ounce  of  gas  tar  being  boiled  in  a  quart 
of  rain  water  for  about  half  au  hour,  or  until  it  will  readily  mix  with 
water,  then  diluting  to  (ij  gallons  with  bot  water,  and  when  cool  enough 
spraying  over  the  plants  very  lightly,  and  repeating  occasionally,  from 
the  early  p.irt  of  June  to  that  of  August.  'I’tie  Malmaison  plants  are 
effected  by  the  Carnation  leaf-spot  fungus,  Septoria  dianthi,  a  wide¬ 
spread  and  troublesome  disease.  Care  in  watering  is  very  important, 
not  spilling  any  on  the  leaves,  and  a  free  circulation  of  air.  Being 
endophytic,  outward  applications  can  only  prevent  the  disease  and  its 
spreading.  The  worst  infested  leaves  should  be  removed  and  burnt, 
spraying  the  plants  with  potassium  sulphide  or  liver  of  sulphur 
solution,  1  oz.  to  10  gallons  of  water. 
