December  6,  1900. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
523 
Flowers  and  Seeds  {A.  (?.). — The  essential  parts  of  a  flower 
are  the  stamens  and  pistil,  and  without  these  seed  cannot  be 
produced.  The  term  “  flower  ”  includes  both  calyx  and  corolla,  which 
are  not  essential  to  seed  production,  though  they  are  present  in  a  very 
large  number  of  flowers,  and  seive  both  as  protection  to  the  more 
delicate  essential  organs,  and  as  a  means  of  attraction  to  insects.  Seed, 
however,  is  often  produced  without  calyx  or  corolla  being  present,  and 
some  might,  therefore,  erroneously  think  there  was  no  flower.  Some 
flowers,  termed  cleistogamous,  also  produce  seed  without  expanding,  as 
in  some  of  the  Viola  family,  and  when  these  pods  are  observed  it  might 
be  thought  they  had  been  produced  without  flowers.  Without  ovules  to 
be  fertilised  by  pollen,  through  the  medium  of  stigma  and  style,  or 
without  their  aid  (as  in  the  Conifer  family),  it  is  impossible  to  produce 
seed. 
The  Chrysanthenmm  Fly  (C.  P.). — The  leaf-mining  insect  that 
attacks  Marguerites  is  the  same  that  attacks,  happily  much  less 
persistently,  Chinese  Chrysanthemums,  and  if  it  is  not  identical  with 
is  closely  allied  to  the  Celery  fly  (Tephritis).  The  flies  puncture  the 
leaves,  depositing  eggs  which  hatch,  and  the  larvae  eat  their  way  through 
the  interior  of  the  leaves  and  destroy  them.  The  fly  may  be  prevented 
attacking  Celery  by  syringing  the  plants  with  a  solution  of  softsoapand 
petroleum  in  the  evening,  not  in  the  morning,  as  if  hot  sun  follows 
when  the  leaves  are  wet  they  may  be  scorched.  We  have  known  this  to 
destroy  the  maggots  in  the  leaves,  but  their  prevention  is  infinitely  to  be 
preferred.  We  know  of  no  other  way  of  preventing  the  insects  attacking 
Marguerites.  All  the  worst  leaves  should  be  gathered  and  burned. 
Two  ounces  of  softsoap  and  a  lump  of  soda  the  size  of  a  nutmeg 
dissolved  in  a  gallon  of  soft  boiling  water,  stirring  in  very  briskly  while 
hot  half  a  wineglassful  of  petroleum,  such  as  is  burned  in  lamps,  are 
safe  proportions  to  use. 
Disqualifying  Apple  (J.  L.,  Worcester). — The  Apples  you  have  sent 
are  distinct,  not  only  externally,  as  is  apparent,  but  also  in  the  internal 
characters,  and  therefore  the  disqualification  was  wrong.  It  may 
possibly  have  arisen  from  the  late  distinguished  author  of  the  “  Fruit 
Manual  ”  placing  “  King  of  the  Pippins  ”  as  a  synonym  of  “  Golden 
Winter  Pearmain.”  This  is  no  doubt  correct.  The  typical  form  of  this 
Apple  is  abrupt  Pearmain  shaped.  Your  specimen  (the  coloured  fruit) 
is  exactly  typical,  and  therefore  the  true  Golden  Winter  Pearmain. 
We  have  gathered  hundreds  like  it,  with  others  somewhat  elongated 
from  the  same  tree.  The  clear  yellow  conical  Apple  is  not  that  variety. 
It  is  not  easy  to  determine  from  a  solitary  specimen  whether  it  is  the 
Golden  Pearmain  (syn.  English  Golden  Pearmain,  Ruckmau’s  Pearmain) 
or  Franklin’s  Golden  Pippin.  It  is  one  or  the  other.  The  specimen 
answers  the  more  closely  to  the  last  named,  but  if  several  of  the  fruits 
have  a  fleshy  protuberance  at  the  base  (the  one  before  us  has  not)  the 
variety  may  be  the  former.  If  the  whole  of  the  fruits  are  like  the 
sample  it  is  Franklin’s  Golden  Pippin.  In  any  case  it  is  not  Golden 
Winter  Pearmain  or  its  synonym  King  of  the  Pippins,  and  we  certainly 
should  not  have  disqualified  the  collection  on  the  ground  stated.  We 
have  more  than  once  seen  all  the  above-named  Apples  under  examina¬ 
tion  together  by  Dr.  Hogg,  and  know  quite  well  that  his  decision  would 
have  been  that  now  given. 
Names  of  Fruits. — Notice. — We  have  pleasure  in  naming  good  typical 
fruits  (when  the  names  are  discoverable)  for  the  convenience  of  regular 
subscribers,  who  are  the  growers  of  such  fruits,  and  not  collectors  of 
specimens  from  non-subscribers.  This  latter  procedure  is  wholly 
irregular,  and  we  trust  that  none  of  our  readers  will  allow  themselves  to 
be  made  the  mediums  in  infringing  our  rules.  Special  attention  is 
directed  to  the  following  decision,  the  object  of  which  is  to  dis¬ 
courage  the  growth  of  inferior  and  promote  the  culture  of  superior 
varieties.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  worthless  A/qAes  and 
Pears  sent  to  this  office  to  be  named,  it  has  been  decided  to  name  only 
specimens  and  varieties  of  approved  merit,  and  to  reject  the  inferior, 
which  are  not  worth  sending  or  growing.  The  names  and  addresses 
of  senders  of  fruit  or  flowers  to  be  named  must  in  all  cases  be  enclosed 
with  the  specimens,  whether  letters  referring  to  the  fruit  are  sent  by 
post  or  not.  The  names  are  not  necessarily  required  for  publication, 
initials  sufficing  for  that.  Only  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once, 
and  any  beyond  that  number  cannot  be  preserved.  They  should  be  sent 
on  the  first  indication  of  change  towards  ripening.  Dessert  Pears  cannot 
be  named  in  a  hard  green  state.  The  practice  of  pinning  numbers  to 
the  eyes  of  the  fruit  tends  to  destroy  one  of  the  most  characteristic 
features  and  increases  the  difficulty  of  identification.  When  Plums  are 
sent  to  be  named  young  wood  of  the  trees  should  accompany  them. 
Leaves  of  the  trees  are  necessary  with  Peaches  and  Nectarines,  with 
information  as  to  whether  the  flowers  are  large  or  small.  (P.  K.  D.). — 
1,  Beutre  Diel;  2,  Gansel’s  Bergamot;  3,  more  nearly  resembles 
Beurre  Capiaumont  than  any  variety  with  which  we  are  familiar ;  the 
fruits  were  too  far  gone  for  testing.  (H.  M.  R.). — 1,  Grenadier;  2, 
Bramley’s  Seedling ;  3,  New  Hawthornden ;  4,  Roundway  Magnnm 
Bonum.  (D.  P.  P.). — 1,  Warner’s  King;  2,  Queen  Caroline;  3,  Annie 
Elizabeth ;  4,  Catshead ;  5,  Round  Winter  Nonesuch  ;  6,  Newton 
Wonder.  (//.  M.  W.). — We  remember  the  specimen  you  sent  last 
season,  and  certainly  should  not  have  considered  that  and  the  present 
one  identical.  As  we  have  said  before,  it  is  exceedingly  difficult  to 
speak  definitely  from  one  fruit  only.  If  the  tAe  is  a  young  one  we 
should  say  it  is  Barnack  Beauty,  raised  by  the  late  Mr.  Gilbert  of 
Burleigh.  (S.  D.). — 1,  St.  Lawrence;  2,  Wealthy  ;  3,  one  fruit  rotten 
and  the  other  partially  gone,  resembles  Marie  Louise. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering- 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive 
in  a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in 
a  flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form 
the  best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the 
best  condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh 
grass,  as  to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent 
to  rest  in  the  post  ofiflce  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery 
of  postal  matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are 
invariably  injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not 
more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should 
be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to 
separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp.  (N.  C.  G.). — 1,  Davallia 
canariensis ;  2,  D.  Mooreana ;  3,  Impatiens  Hawkeri ;  4,  Justicia 
carnea ;  5,  Adiantum  pedatum ;  6,  Todea  pellucida.  (A.  G.  G.). — 
1,  Cupressus  glauca;  2,  Thuiopsis  dolabrata;  3,  Dracaena  Lindeni ; 
4,  Aloysia  citriodora;  5,  Pteris  longifolia ;  6,  Adiantum  pubescens. 
{R.  H.  S.). — 1,  Eranthemum  pulchellum  ;  2,  Gymnogramma  chryso* 
phylla ;  3,  Asplenium  viviparum  ;  4,  Tradescantia  zebrina. 
Covent  Garden  ll|arket. — December  5tl(. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Fruit. 
Apples,  table,  If  bush.  ... 
,,  cooking,  bush.  ... 
,,  Californian,  case 
Chestnuts,  bag,  from 
d.  a.  d. 
0to4  6 
6  5  0 
6  9  6 
0  1.5  0 
5  0 
Oranges,  case . 
Peaches,  doz.  good  size  ... 
Pears,  crate  . 
„  stewing,  case  of 
72  to  120 . 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
6  0tol5  O’ 
4  6  6  6 
Grapes,  black . 
0  6 
2  6 
.,,  Californian,  case 
24  0 
0  0 
„  white . 
1  6 
3  0 
„  „  ^  case 
12  0 
14  0 
Lemons,  case  . 
9  0 
16  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
3  0 
6  0 
Melons,  house,  each 
0  6 
2  6 
Walnuts,  bag  . 
4  6 
6  0- 
Average 
Wholesale 
Prices. — Vegetables. 
• 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
a.  d. 
Artichokes,  green, doz.  ... 
3  0to4  0 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb.  ... 
1  0  to  0  0- 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve 
2  0 
0  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  pnnt. 
0  2 
0  0 
Asparagus  (Sprue  Grass) 
0  8 
0  0 
Onions,  Dutch,  bag 
4  0 
4  6 
,,  Paris  Green 
5  6 
6  tJ 
,,  English,  cwt.  ... 
5  0 
0  0- 
Beans,  French,  per  lb.  ... 
0  4 
0  6 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
0  0- 
„  Jersey,  per  lb.  ... 
1  3 
0  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
3  0 
7  0- 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
0  6 
0  0 
Rhubarb,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
Brussels  Sprouts,  sieve... 
1  0 
1  6 
Savoys,  tally  . 
2  0 
3  0 
Cabbages,  tally  . 
3  0 
5  0 
Scotch  Kale,  bushel 
0  6' 
1  0 
Carrots,  doz.  bnch . 
2  0 
3  0 
Seakale,  best,  doz . 
12  0 
15  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
,,  2nd,  doz . 
6  6 
8  0- 
Celery,  bundle . 
1  0 
0  0 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  2 
0  3 
Cucumbers,  doz . 
1  6 
3  0 
Spinach, bush . 
1  0 
1  6 
Endive,  score  . 
1  6 
0  0 
Tomatoes,  English,  lb.  ... 
0  2 
0  5 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Turnips,  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  1* 
0  0 
Turnip  tops  . 
0  9 
1  0: 
Lettuce,  doz.  French  ... 
0  9 
1  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. —  Cut  Flowers. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch 
1  6  to  2  6 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  bun. 
6  0tol5  0 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
1  0 
3  0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
Cattleyas,  doz . 
6  0 
12  0 
bunches . 
4  0 
8  O' 
Chrysanthemums,  dozen 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
4  0 
blooms  . 
1  0 
3  0 
„  Yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
4  0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
1  6 
2  0 
Odontoglossums  . 
3  0 
4  0 
Gardenias,  doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz. 
2  0 
4  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
„  Red, doz . 
1  0 
2  0 
bunches . 
6  0 
9  0 
,,  Safrano,  doz . 
1  6 
2  0 
Lilac,  white,  bunch. 
4  0 
6  0 
„  Tea,  white,  doz.  ... 
1  0 
3  0 
Lilium  lancifolium  album 
1  6 
2  6 
„  Yellow,doz.  (Perles) 
2  0 
4  0 
„  ,,  rub  rum 
1  6 
2  6 
Smilax,  bunch . 
2  0 
4  0 
„  various . 
2  0 
3  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Plants  in  Pots 
H.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Acers,  doz . 
12  0to24  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0to5  (> 
Arbor  Vitaj,  var.,  doz.  ... 
6  0 
36  0 
Geraniums,  scarlet,  doz. 
6  0 
10  0 
Aspidistra,  doz . 
18  0 
36  0 
„  pink,  doz.  ... 
8  0 
10  0 
Aspidistra,  specimen  ... 
15  0 
20  0 
Hydrangeas,  white,  each 
2  6 
5  0 
Azaleas,  various,  each  ... 
2  6 
5  0 
,,  pink,  doz . 
12  0 
15  6 
Boronias,  doz . 
20  0 
24  0 
,,  paniculata,  each 
1  0 
8 
Cannas,  doz . 
18  0 
0  0 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz 
8  0 
18  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
18  0 
30  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
3  0 
6  0 
Dracaena,  var. ,  doz. 
12  0 
30  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.... 
8  0 
10  0 
Dracaena,  viridis,  doz.  ... 
9  0 
18  0 
Mignonette,  doz . 
8  0 
12  0 
Erica,  various,  doz. 
8  0 
18  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  0 
9  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz.  ... 
6  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each 
1  0 
15  0 
Evergreens,  var. ,  doz.  . . . 
4  0 
18  0 
„  specimens  . 
21  0 
63  0 
Ferns,  var..  doz . 
4  0 
18  0 
Roses,  doz . 
6  0 
18  0 
,,  small,  100  . 
4  0 
8  0 
Stocks,  doz . 
8  0 
12  0 
Ficus  elastica,  each 
1  6 
7  6 
