February  14,  1901. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
145 
Pasture  Land  and  Hay  Making  (F.Reum). — We  do  not  know  of  any 
work  especially  treating  the  management  of  pasture  land  and  hay 
making.  We  will  give  in  the  “  Home  Farm  ”  column  shortly  the 
conclusions  we  have  drawn  from  thirty-two  years’  experience  on  the 
subject. 
Planting  Beech  Trees  (Planter). — Beech  is  a  useful  tree  for  planting 
on  a  bmestone  stratum,  and  it  does  well  near  the  sea.  As  the  season 
is  getting  advanced,  and  March  is  often  a  dry,  bad  planting  month,  we 
should  defer  planting  until  autumn,  having  the  stations  prepared  for 
the  trees  during  the  summer,  trenching  the  ground  and  removing  the 
roots  of  the  trees  that  have  been  cut  down.  This  will  give  the  young 
trees  a  chance,  though  the  established  trees  will  find  out  the  moved  and 
aerated  soil,  and  fill  it  quickly  with  roots.  That  is  the  difficulty  in 
getting  young  trees  established  near  those  that  already  occupy  the  soil 
with  their  roots. 
Pear  Huyshe’s  Prince  Consort  (F.  J.B.). — This  Pear  is  thus  described 
in  the  “Fruit  Manual”: — “Fruit,  very  large;  oblong,  uneven  and 
bossed  in  its  outline.  Skin,  grass.green,  which  it  frequently  retains 
even  when  ripe,  but  becoming  sometimes  yellowish  green  ;  it  is  thickly 
covered  with  large  russet  dots,  which  round  the  stalk  are  so  dense  as  to 
form  a  russet  patch.  Eve,  rather  small  and  open,  set  in  a  pretty  deep 
and  uneven  basin.  Stalk,  an  inch  long,  stout  and  woody,  inserted  in  a 
line  with  the  axis  of  the  fruit  in  a  small  cavity.  Flesh,  yellowish,  with 
a  greenish  tinge,  melting,  but  not  buttery,  being  rather  crisp,  very 
ju'cv,  sweet  and  vinous,  with  a  very  powerful  and  peculiar  flavour 
unlike  any  other  Pear.  A  delicious  Pear,  of  first-rate  quality  ;  ripe  in 
the  end  of  November.  Raised  by  the  Rev.  John  Huyshe  of  Clysthydon, 
Devon,  from  Beurre  d’Aremberg  fertilised  by  Passe  Colmar. 
Treatment  of  Strawberries  (Amateur). — Bemove  all  weeds  from  the 
beds  as  soon  as  weather  permits,  also  leaves  which  have  been  destroyed 
by  frost,  if  the  plantation  has  to  be  kept  clean  and  neat  through 
proximity  to  the  house  or  otherwise,  but  for  market  plantations  dead 
leaves  will  do  no  harm.  Do  not  dig  among  the  plants,  as  this  destroys 
the  surface  roots,  and  cannot  possibly  do  any  good,  but  may  seriously 
injure  the  coming  crop.  Any  vacancies  may  be  filled  up  if  strong 
plants  are  obtainable.  Ram  them  in  firmly  with  a  wooden  rammer,  and 
mulch  with  short  manure.  Making  new  plantations  now  is  not 
advisable,  except  in  exceptional  cases,  as  they  cannot  be  expected  to 
fruit  this  season.  A  crop  of  early  Potatoes,  Lettuce,  or  some  similar 
vegetable  should,  therefore,  be  placed  on  the  plot,  and  planting  be 
deferred  until  August.  Strawberries  must  have  a  cool,  moist,  deep 
soil  to  grow  them  to  perfection.  They  lequire  abundance  of  water  at 
all  t'mes,  but  especially  when  ripening  their  fruit,  which  time  is  often 
the  driest  and  hottest  part  of  the  whole  year.  Any  beds  that  are 
getting  exhausted  will  be  benefited  with  a  good  dressing  of  farmyard 
manure  spread  between  the  rows,  and  left  for  the  rain  to  wash  into  the 
roots;  or  a  dressing  of  one  part  nitrate  of  soda  to  five  parts  super¬ 
phosphate  may  be  applied  a  month  hence  at  the  rate  of  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  to  the  square  yard,  raking  the  ground  afterwards  to  facilitate 
absorption  and  evenness  of  distribution. 
Sowing  Peas  Out  of  Doors  (W.  White). — When  some  of  the  early 
podding  varieties  are  sown  on  warm  borders  or  in  the  open  on  ground 
sloping  to  the  south,  not  later  than  the  middle  of  February,  these  will 
be  ready  to  gather  from  only  a  few  days  later  than  those  over  which 
more  trouble  has  been  expended.  The  small  early  wrinkled-seeded 
varieties  may  be  sown  thus  early  on  warm  borders  and  in  light  soil; 
but  the  seed  is  liable  to  decay  in  heavy,  cold  ground,  and  ought  to  be 
kept  out  till  nearer  the  end  of  the  month.  Many  of  the  varieties 
described  as  attaining  a  height  of  3  feet,  or  rather  less,  not  infrequently 
grow  considerably  taller,  and  the  rows  ought,  therefore,  to  be  about 
4  feet  apart,  or  otherwise  they  may  overcrowd  and  spoil  each  other.  The 
plan  of  arranging  the  rows  of  moderately  strong  growers  about  10  feet 
apart  on  a  warm  border,  disposing  four  rows  of  either  a  dwarf  variety, 
Beck’s  Green  Gem  Bean,  or  Cauliflowers  between  them  answers  well. 
Thus  arranged  the  tall  Peas  crop  heavily,  and  also  afford  some  shelter 
to  the  crops  between  them.  Early  Peas  not  branching,  or  not  being 
required  to  branch  very  strongly,  it  is  advisable  to  sow  the  seeds  rather 
thickly,  one  pint  being  none  too  much  for  a  drill  or  drills  equal  to  a 
length  of  about  40  feet.  If  the  ground  cannot  be  got  into  a  finely 
divided  state,  the  best  that  can  be  done  is  to  surround  the  seeds  with 
light  sifted  soil,  burying  it  in  any  case  a  depth  of  about  2  inches. 
Should  there  be  any  mice  in  the  garden  they  are  certain  to  find  the 
Peas,  it  being  scarcely  possible  to  deter  them  from  the  surface.  Damp¬ 
ing  the  seed  and  well  rolling  it  in  powdered  red  lead  prior  to  sowing  is 
the  best  preventive  measure. 
Names  of  Plants. — We  only  undertake  to  name  species  of  cultivated 
plants,  not  wild  flowers,  or  varieties  that  have  originated  from  seeds  and 
termed  florists’  flowers.  Flowering  specimens  are  necessary  of  flowering 
plants,  and  Fern  fronds  should  bear  spores.  Specimens  should  arrive 
in  a  fresh  state  in  securely  tied  firm  boxes.  Thin  paper  boxes  arrive  in 
a  flattened  state.  Slightly  damp  moss,  soft  green  grass,  or  leaves  form 
the  best  packing,  dry  wool  or  paper  the  worst.  Those  arrive  in  the 
best  condition  that  are  so  closely  or  firmly  packed  in  soft  green  fresh 
grass,  as  to  remain  unmoved  by  shaking.  No  specimens  should  be  sent 
to  rest  in  the  post  office  over  Sunday,  on  which  day  there  is  no  delivery 
of  postal  matter  in  London.  Specimens  in  partially  filled  boxes  are 
invariably  injured  or  spoiled  by  being  dashed  to  and  fro  in  transit.  Not 
more  than  six  specimens  can  be  named  at  once,  and  the  numbers  should 
be  visible  without  untying  the  ligatures,  it  being  often  difficult  to 
separate  them  when  the  paper  is  damp.  (S.  G.). — 1,  Odontoglossum  oris- 
pum ;  2,  Dendrobium  nobile ;  3,  D.  phalaenopsis  Sohrdderianum. 
(H.  D.  C.). — 1,  Begonia  metallica  ;  2,  Hedychium  Gardtierianum  ;  3, 
Asparagus  plumosus  nanus  ;  4,  A.  Sprengeri ;  5,  A.  deflexus ;  6,  Davallia 
canariensis.  (F.  S.  L.). — 1,  Acacia  cultriformis  ;  2,  Sparmannia  africana ; 
3,  Bambusa  Fortunei;  4,  Cocculus  laureola.  (  /.  P.). — 1,  Ophiopogon 
japonicus  var.  variegata;  2,  Zygopetalum  crinitum.  Neither  plant  is 
of  any  great  value. 
Covent  Garden  Ifarket. — February  13th. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Fruit. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Apples,  cooking,  bush.  ... 
2  6  to  7  0 
Lemons,  case  . 
9  0tol6  • 
,,  Californian,  case 
7  6 
9  6 
Oranges,  case . 
6  0 
15  0 
Apricots,  Cape,  box 
8  0 
10  0 
Pears,  crate  . 
3  0 
7  0 
Chestnuts,  bag,  from 
5  0 
15  0 
„  stewing,  case  of 
Cobnuts,  doz.  lb.,  best  ... 
4  0 
5  0 
72  to  120 . 
4  6 
6  6 
Grapes,  black . 
0  6 
2  6 
,,  Californian,  case 
15  0 
18  0 
„  Dutch,  lb . 
0  6 
1  0 
,,  ^  case . 
9  0 
10  0 
„  white,  per  lb.  ... 
1  6 
5  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
1  6 
4  6 
Average 
Wholesale 
Prices. — Vegetables. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Artichokes,  green, doz.  ... 
2  6  to  3  6 
Greens,  bush . 
0  6  to  1  • 
„  Jerusalem,  sieve 
1  6 
0  0 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Asparagus  (Sprue  Grass) 
0  6 
0  8 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  u 
0  0 
„  English,  100  ... 
7  0 
0  0 
Lettuce,  doz.  French  ... 
0  8 
1  o- 
,,  Giant,  bundle  ... 
15  0 
20  0 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb. ... 
0  8 
0  9 
„  Spanish,  bundle . 
1  6 
1  9 
Mustard  and  Cress,  pnnt. 
0  2 
0  0 
„  Paris  Green 
5  0 
0  0 
Onions,  Dutch,  bag 
3  6 
0  0 
Batavia,  doz  . 
1  3 
1  6 
,,  English,  cwt.  ... 
5  0 
0  0 
Beans,  French,  per  lb.  ... 
010 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
3  0 
„  Jersey,  per  lb.  ... 
1  6 
2  0 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
3  0 
7  0 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
0  6 
0  0 
Radishes,  doz  . 
1  0 
1  3 
Broccoli,  bush . 
0  6 
1  0 
Rhubarb,  doz . 
1  2 
1  5 
Brussels  Sprouts,  sieve... 
1  0 
2  0 
Savoys,  tally  . 
4  0 
5  0 
Cabbages,  tally  . 
3  0 
5  0 
Scotch  Kale,  per  bushel. .. 
0  6 
1  3 
Carrots,  doz.  bnch . 
2  0 
3  0 
Seakale,  best,  doz . 
12  0 
0  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz . 
1  6 
3  0 
„  2nd, doz . 
6  0 
8  0 
Celery,  bundle . 
1  0 
1  9 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  2 
0  3 
Chicory,  Belgian,  lb 
0  4 
0  0 
Spinach,  bush . 
2  6 
3  6 
Corn  Salad,  strike . 
1  0 
1  3 
Turnips,  doz . 
2  0 
3  ff 
Cucumbers,  doz . 
12  0 
18  0 
Turnip  tops  . 
0  9 
1  0 
Endive,  doz  . 
1  6 
0  0 
Watercress,  doz  . 
0  8 
010 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Cut  Flowers. 
s.  d. 
s.d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch 
1  6  to  2  6 
Lilac,  white,  bunch, 
3  0  to  5  0 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
2  6 
3  0 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  12  bun. 
8  0 
15  0 
Cattleyas,  doz . 
10  0 
18  0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
Chrysanthemums,  dozen 
bunches . 
4  0 
8  0 
blooms  . 
1  0 
3  0 
Marguerites,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
4  0 
Daffodils,  doz . 
12  0 
15  0 
,,  Yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
4  0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
4  0 
6  0 
Mimosas,  bnch . 
1  0 
1  6 
Gardenias,  doz . 
3  0 
5  0 
Odontoglossums  . 
6  0 
8  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
Poinsettias,  doz.  blooms. 
8  0 
12  0 
bunches . 
8  0 
12  0 
Roses  (indoor),  doz. 
2  0 
4  0 
Hyacinths,  doz . 
4  0 
8  0 
,,  Safrano,  doz . 
1  6 
2  0 
Lilium  lan  cifolium  album 
3  0 
5  0 
,,  Tea,  white,  doz.  ... 
1  0 
3  0 
„  „  rubrum 
3  0 
5  0 
„  Yellow, doz.  (Perles) 
2  0 
4  0 
„  various . 
4  0 
8  0 
Smilax,  bunch . 
3  0 
5  % 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Plants  in  Pots. 
Acers,  doz . 
Arbor  Vitae,  var.,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
Azaleas,  various,  each 
Boronias,  doz . 
Cannas,  doz . 
Crotons,  doz . 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz. 
Dracaena,  viridis,  doz. 
Erica,  various,  doz. 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
Ferns,  var.,  doz. 
„  small,  100 
Ficus  elastica,  each 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
12  0to24  0 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
1  0to5  0 
6  0 
36  0 
Geraniums,  scarlet,  doz. 
6  0 
10  0 
18  0 
36  0 
,,  pink,  doz.  ... 
8  0 
10  0 
15  0 
20  0 
Hydrangeas,  white,  each 
2  6 
5  0 
2  6 
5  0 
„  pink, doz . 
12  0 
15  6 
20  0 
24  0 
,,  paniculata,  each 
1  0 
3  0 
18  0 
0  0 
Lilium  Harrisi,  doz 
8  0 
18  0 
18  0 
30  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
3  0 
6  0 
12  0 
30  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.... 
8  0 
10  0 
9  0 
18  0 
Mignonette,  doz . 
8  0 
12  0 
8  0 
18  0 
Myrtles,  doz . 
6  0 
9  0 
6  0 
18  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  each 
1  0 
15  0 
4  0 
18  0 
„  specimens  . 
21  0 
63  0 
4  0 
18  0 
Roses,  doz.  ...  . 
6  0 
18  0 
4  0 
8  0 
Stocks,  doz . 
8  0 
12  0 
1  6 
7  6 
Trade  Catalogues  Received. 
W.  Atlee  Burpee  &  Co.,  Philadelphia. — Farm  Annual. 
A.  Cross  &  Son,  Ltd.,  Hope  Street,  Glasgow. — Seeds. 
Dobie  &  Mason,  Oak  Street,  Manchester. — Seeds. 
J.  Forbes,  Hawick. — Florists’  Flowers. 
Harrison  &  Son,  Leicester. — -Seeds. 
J.  Lambert  &  Son,  Trier,  Rheinprovinz. — Seeds. 
R.  Pringle,  Belvoir  Street,  Leicester. — Seeds. 
J.  Russell,  Richmond,  Surrey. — Seeds. 
Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading. — Farmers’  Year  Booh. 
E.  Webb  &  Sons,  Stourbridge. — Farm  Seeds. 
