April  4,  1901. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER . 
293 
to  cause  fall  into  an  apparently  dry  fine  powder,  and  applying  evenly 
whilst  quite  hot.  This  will  have  a  good  effect  on  the  coarse  grass  and 
the  organic  decaying  matter;  and  after  the  lime  has  acted  for  a  month 
or  six  weeks,  apply  a  dressing  of  salt,  10  cwt.  per  acre  not  being  too 
much  on  old  rough  pastures.  The  salt  is  useful  on  limestone  soils,  or 
land  to  which  lime  has  been  applied,  by  exchanging  acids  with  the 
lime  and  forming  muriate  of  lime,  which  in  its  turn  combines  readily  in 
the  soil  with  the  ammonia,  some  of  which  might  otherwise  have  been 
volatilised  as  carbonate.  It  is  rather  late,  however,  to  apply  both  this 
season,  therefore  the  salt  may  be  applied  alone,  and  it  will  certainly 
sweeten  the  grass,  and  act  usefully  in  destroying  insect  life  and 
checking  disease.  The  quantity  should  be  5  to  10  cwt.  per  acre,  the 
former  for  heavy  soil  and  the  latter  for  light  land,  or  the  lighter  the 
soil  the  larger  is  the  quantity  suitable.  Ground  rock  salt  is  the  best. 
We  have  no  experience  of  “  hide  salt,”  probably  the  refuse  in  dressing 
hides,  and  therefore  full  of  impurities. 
Cypripedium  silligerum  (IF.  Hurlstone). — The  production  of  horns 
or  protuberances  upon  the  pouch  must  be  recorded  as  one  of  Nature’s 
freaks.  Human  beings  and  flowers  are  alike  in  many  more  things  than 
we  wot  of,  and  with  an  abundance  of  good  things  to  eat  and  drink  the 
human  face  is  apt  to  break  out  into  carbuncles  and  pimples.  The  horn 
on  the  pouch  of  the  Cypripedium  is  very  pronounced,  and  though  we 
have  seen  such  horns  at  the  base  of  the  labellum  before  now,  we  do  not 
recall  having  seen  one  so  far  up.  No  doubt  your  good  treatment  has 
caused  the  exuberant  growth. 
Destroyed  Vine  Leaves  ( W .  C.  D.). — The  leaves  and  young  shoots 
appear  to  be  affected  by  what  is  known  as  browning  or  brunnre,  which 
is  sometimes  caused  by  a  slime  fungus,  Pseudooomis  vitis,  but  there 
is  no  microscopic  evidence  of  this  pest,  though  the  shoots  and  leaves 
are  browned  or  blackened,  and  crumpled  in  a  manner  suggestive  of 
its  attacks.  In  some  cases  similar  results  are  produced  by  attacks 
of  the  rust-producing  mite,  Tarsonymus  vitis,  but  there  are  no  traces 
of  this  parasite.  We,  therefore,  consider  the  failing  of  the  leaves, 
and  shoot 8,  and  bunches  to  be  due  to  a  sudden  check,  such  as  that 
produced  by  a  close,  cold,  saturated  atmosphere  suddenly  dried  by  an 
excessive  admission  of  air,  or  it  may  have  been  produced  by  the 
noxious  fumes  arising  from  the  combustion  or  rather  imperfect 
burning  of  paraffin  oil,  though  we  should  rather  attribute  it  to  the 
vapour  of  the  oil,  the  house  being  kept  close  during  the  cold  weather 
that  has  prevailed  recently.  Possibly  the  parts  not  affected  are  farther 
from  the  lamp  than  those  that  have  collapsed,  or  the  parts  not  being  so 
susceptible  of  injury  as  the  others.  It  is  not  likely  the  Vine  is  failing 
from  old  age,  but  probably  there  are  other  causes  of  the  mischief,  such 
as  the  stem  being  exposed  and  frozen,  and  the  supplies  of  sap  thus  cut 
off,  causing  the  young  shoots  to  collapse.  The  stem  may  also  have 
been  girdled  by  mice  or  rats,  or  even  the  roots  greatly  impaired  by 
some  application,  either  directly  destroying  them  or  producing  a 
soddened  and  sour  state  of  the  soil.  Only  investigation  on  the  spot 
can  settle  these  matters,  and  the  hints  given  may  be  useful  in  furthering 
investigation. 
Leaves  Palling  off  Peach  Trees  ( W .  TV.). — The  leaves  have  fallen 
off  the  trees  because  their  tissues  have  been  injured,  the  protoplasmic 
contents  of  the  cells  being  practically  destroyed,  and  the  affected  parts 
of  the  leaves  fall  away,  or  in  bad  cases  the  whole  of  the  leaf.  It  is 
caused  by  a  sudden  check,  most  frequently  by  fumigation  with  tobacco 
paper  or  vaporisation  with  nicotine  compound,  the  leafage  having  the 
stomata  suddenly  affected  prejudicially  by  the  smoke  or  vapour,  if 
indeed  the  atmosphere  thus  produced  is  not  taken  into  the  tissues  and 
acts  injuriously  on  the  cell  contents.  It  is  simply  a  case  of  scorching, 
the  leaves  being  young,  and  therefore  easily  affected  by  the  suddenly 
heated  and  noxious  conditions  of  the  atmosphere.  Of  all  foliage  of 
fruit  trees,  that  of  Peaches  and  Nectarines  is  most  susceptible  of 
injury  from  fumigation  with  tobacco  paper  or  preparations  of  tobacco, 
and  vaporisation  with  nicotine  compound  acts  even  more  disastrously, 
consequently  we  have  given  up  these  operations  in  Peach  houses, 
having  suffered  to  a  great  extent  from  the  practice,  even  to  the  loss  of 
crops  ;  and  for  the  destruction  of  green  and  black  or  brown  fly  have 
recourse  to  spraying  or  syringing  with  quassia  extract  or  other  of  the 
advertised  insecticides.  The  wood  seems  very  unripe,  and  the  growth 
from  it  is  more  liable  to  injury  than  that  produced  from  well-ripened 
wood.  It  would  be  advisable  to  apply  a  top-dressing  of  dissolved 
bones,  dry  and  crumbling,  applying  4  ozs.  per  square  yard,  and 
pointing-in  lightly.  This  would  probably  tend  to  the  consolidation  of 
the  wood,  though  this  depends  on  the  texture  and  constituents  of  the 
soil  to  a  great  extent,  it  hardly  being  possible  to  have  the  soil  too  firm 
when  light  for  Peach  trees  ;  nor  can  the  trees  have  too  much  air, 
consistent  with  steady  progress,  in  order  to  secure  a  sturdy,  short- 
jointed,  consolidated  growth,  this  well  matured  being  necessary  to 
insure  a  good  setting  and  stoning  of  the  fruit. 
Names  of  Fruits  (Annie  May). — Apple  Winter  Peach;  another 
correspondent  sent  a  Pear — Susette  de  Bavay ;  (C.  S.  Co.). — The 
Apple  is  Barnack  Beauty,  which  has  received  an  award  from  the  Fruit 
Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  It  is  not  mentioned  in 
the  late  Dr.  Hogg’s  “  Fruit  Manual.” 
Names  of  Plants  (J.  8.). —  1,  Dendrobium  barbatulum  ;  2,  Polygala 
oppositifolia  ;  3,  Cytisus  elegans.  ( F .  Read). — 1,  Asparagus  flexuosus  ; 
2,  Adiantum  trapeziforme.  (/.  L.). — A  piece  of  berried  Sea  Buckthorn 
(Hippophao  rhamuoides).  (S.  W.).— Calanthe  Yeitchi  var.  alba. 
Covent  Garden  NJarket. — April  3rd. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Fruit. 
Apples,  cooking,  bush.  ... 
,,  Californian,  case 
Cobnuts,  doz.  lb.,  best  ... 
Grapes,  black . 
„  Dutch,  lb . 
Average 
Artichokes,  green, doz.  ... 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve 
Asparagus  (Sprue  Grass) 
„  English,  100  ... 
„  Giant,  bundle  ... 
,,  Spanish,  bundle . 
„  Paris  Green 
Batavia,  doz  . 
Beans,  French,  per  lb.  ... 
„  Jersey,  per  lb.  ... 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
Broccoli,  bush . 
Brussels  Sprouts,  sieve... 
Cabbages,  tally  . 
Carrots,  doz.  bnch . 
Cauliflowers,  doz . 
Celery,  bundle . 
Chicory,  Belgian,  lb 
Corn  Salad,  strike . 
Cucumbers,  doz . 
Endive,  doz  . 
Greens,  bush . 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
8.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d. 
8.  d. 
5  0  to  7  0 
Lemons,  Messinas,  case 
9  0  tol2  0 
10  0 
12  0 
Oranges,  case . 
15  0 
25  0- 
6  0 
0  0 
Pears,  4  case  . 
14  0 
16  0 
2  0 
1  6 
3  0 
2  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
2  6 
4  6 
Wholesale 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
2  0  to  3  0 
1  6 
0  0 
4  0 
15  0 
0  0 
10 
4  6 
20  0 
2  0 
0  0 
0  0 
1  2 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
3  0 
1  3 
1  0 
0  2 
0  0 
1  3 
5  0 
2  0 
1  6 
0  0 
Prices. — Vegetables. 
Horseradish,  bnch . 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
Lettuce,  doz.  French  ... 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb.  ... 
Mustard  and  Cress,  pnnt. 
Onions,  Dutch,  bag 
„  English,  cwt.  ... 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs. 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
„  New  Jersey,  lb 
Radishes,  doz  . 
Rhubarb,  doz . 
Savoys,  tally  . 
Scotch  Kale,  per  bushel... 
Seakale,  best,  doz . 
„  2nd, doz . 
Shallots,  lb . 
Spinach,  bush . 
Tomatoes,  Canary,  case 
Turnips,  doz . 
Turnip  tops  . 
Watercress,  doz  . 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
1  2  tol  6 
0  I*  0  2 
1  0 
0  8 
0  2 
5 
5 
2 
3 
0  5 
0  9 
1  5 
4  0 
0  6 
14  0 
6  0 
0  4 
4  0 
4 
2 
0 
0 
1  4 
0  9 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0 
0 
9 
6 
3 
7 
0 
1 
1 
5 
1  0> 
18  0 
8  0 
0  0 
5  0 
4  6 
3  0 
1  0 
0  8 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Plants  in  Pots 
Acacias,  var.,  doz. ... 
Acers,  doz . 
Aralias,  doz . 
Araucaria,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
Azaleas,  various,  each 
Boronias,  doz . 
Cinerarias,  doz. 
Crotons,  doz . 
Cyclamen,  doz. 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz. 
Dracaena,  viridis,  doz. 
Erica,  various,  doz. 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
s. 
d. 
8.  ' 
d. 
12 
OtolS 
0 
12 
0 
24 
0 
5 
0 
12 
0 
21 
0 
30 
0 
18 
0 
36 
0 
15 
0 
20 
0 
2 
6 
5 
0 
20 
0 
24 
0 
6 
0 
8 
0 
18 
0 
30 
0 
8 
0 
10 
0 
12 
0 
30 
0 
9 
0 
18 
0 
8 
0 
18 
0 
6 
0 
18 
0 
4 
0 
18 
0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz . 
„  small,  100  . 
Ficus  elastica,  each 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each 
Genistas,  doz . 
Geraniums,  scarlet,  doz. 
„  pink,  doz.  ... 
Hyacinths,  doz.  . 
Hydrangeas,  white,  doz. 
„  pink,  doz . 
Lycopodiums,  doz . 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz.... 
Mignonette,  doz . 
Myrtles,  doz . 
Palms,  in  var.,  doz. 
„  specimens  . 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
4  0  to  18  0 
10  0  16  0 
8  0 
6  0 
8  0 
6  0 
18  0 
18  0 
3  0 
8  0 
6  0 
6  0 
15  0 
21  0 
7  6 
5  0 
12  0 
10  0 
10  0 
12  0 
24  0 
24  0 
4 
10  0 
9  0 
9 
30  0 
63  0 
0 
0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Cut  Flowers. 
8.  d.  s.  d. 
.  5  0  to  6  0 
1  6 
2  6 
6  0 
Arums,  doz . 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch 
Azalea,  doz.  bnchs.  ...  5  0 
Camellias,  white,  doz.  ...  2  6 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ...  16 
Cattleyas,  doz . 10  0 
Daffodils,  doz.  bnchs.  ...  2  0 
Eucharis,  doz .  2  0 
Freesia,  doz.  bnchs.  ...  1  6 
Gardenias,  doz . 3  0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bunches .  6  0 
Hyacinths,  doz.  bnchs —  8  0 
Lilium  lan  cifolium  album  3  0 
„  „  rubrum  3  0 
„  longiflorum .  4  0 
Lilac,  white,  bunch,  ...  3  0 
Lily  of  the  Valley, 12  bnchs.  8  0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
bunches .  4  0  8  0 
Marguerites,  white,  doz. 
bnchs .  3  0 
,,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs.  2  0 
3  0 
2  0 
16  0 
8  0 
3  0 
2  6 
0  0 
8 
0 
12  0 
5 
5 
0 
0 
6  0 
5  0 
12  0 
4  o ! 
3  0  I 
Mignonette,  English,  doz. 
Mimosas,  bnch . 
Narcissus  Ornatus,  doz. 
„  Campernelle  „ 
„  Soliel  d’Or  „ 
Odontoglossums  . 
Primroses,  yellow,  doz.... 
Roses,  Niphetos,  white, 
doz . 
,,  yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
„  red,  doz . 
,,  Catherine  Mermet, 
doz . 
Smilax,  bunch . 
Spiraea,  doz .  bnchs. ... 
Stock,  white,  doz.  bnchs. 
Tulips,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
„  white  „  „ 
„  red  „  „ 
Violets,  single, doz. bnchs. 
„  double,  doz. bnchs 
„  Star  „  „ 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
6  0  to  9  0 
1  0 
4  0 
1  0 
1  0 
4  0 
1  0 
0  0 
6  0 
10  3  0 
2  0  4  0 
2  0  3  0 
3  0 
3  0 
6  0 
2  0 
9  0 
10  0 
6  0 
0  9 
1  6 
1  6 
8  O' 
2  6 
12  0 
12  0 
8  0 
1 
2 
2 
0 
6 
0 
Agriculture  in  Egypt. 
Egypt,  land  of  Pharaohs,  land  of  Corn  and  Rice,  of  ancient  cities, 
ancient  monuments,  and  still  more  ancient  people.  A  land  where 
progress  was— and  ceased  ;  a  land  just  awaking  up  to  better  things, 
and  shaking  off  the  years  of  lethargy  and  idleness.  How  strange  are 
