April  11,  1901. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER. 
315 
the  rootstock  produced  at  the  base  of  the  petiole  of  the  leaf,  just 
beneath  or  level  with  the  surface  of  the  soil.  In  some  cases  top  growth 
does  not  issue  for  a  considerable  time,  the  leaf-raised  plants  taking  a 
rest  or  remaining  apparently  stationary  for  several  weeks  or  even 
months,  though  really  making  provision  for  top  growth  in  the  form  of 
the  essential  bud  formation.  With  the  exercise  of  patience  we  have  no 
doubt  of  the  rooted  leaves  or  plants  pushing  top  growth  vigorously — at 
least,  such  is  our  experience.  Probably  it  will  be  towards  the  end  of 
summer  before  this  will  be  pronounced,  the  variety  being  a  winter¬ 
flowering  one. 
Manure  from  Stables  where  Horses  are  Fed  Regularly'with  Carrots 
and  Occasionally  have  Condition  Powders  for  a  Mushroom  Bed  (H.  K.). 
— The  Carrots  being  only  given  once,  or  even  twice  a  day  in  moderate 
quantity,  will  not  materially  affect  the  manure  prejudicially  for  growing 
Mushrooms,  nor  would  the  condition  powders  render  the  manure 
injurious  to  a  Mushroom  bed.  It  is  different  when  the  Carrots  are 
given  in  such  amount  as  to  render  the  droppings  “loose,”  and  the 
horses  are  subjected  to  doctoring  treatment  through  ill-health,  then  the 
manure  is  not  of  a  suitable  nature,  though  good  results  have  been 
attained  by  using  a  considerable  quantity  of  strawy  litter  with  the 
manure  so  as  to  insure  the  generating  of  a  mild,  steady,  prolonged  heat, 
securing  slow  decomposition,  and  the  prevention  of  the  material  forming 
a  close,  wet,  soapy  mass.  Even  in  case  of  the  droppings  being  fairly 
dry  it  is  advisable  to  employ  a  considerable  portion  of  short  litter  with 
the  manure,  only  the  rougher  portions,  such  as  may  be  effected  by  a 
fork,  being  removed. 
Treatment  of  Lilacs  in  Pots  after  Flowering  ( W .  S.). — We  presume 
the  plants  are  such  as  have  been  prepared  for  forcing  by  being  grown 
purposely  in  pots,  in  which  case  the  plants  will  have  a  better  root 
system  than  those  lifted  and  potted  early  in  autumn.  The  plants  that 
were  forced  to  flower  at  Christmas  should  be  kept  in  a  light  airy 
position  in  a  house  from  which  frost  is  excluded  until  the  weather 
becomes  warm  and  settled  towards  the  early  part  of  May,  or  even  the 
middle  of  that  month,  assigning  them  an  open,  but  sheltered  situation. 
It  is  necessary  that  the  plants  be  well  hardened  off  before  placing 
outdoors.  The  plants  that  flowered  during  April  should  be  continued 
under  glass  till  the  middle  or  end  of  May,  though  they  may,  if 
properly  hardened  off,  and  a  sheltered  situation  can  be  accorded  them, 
be  placed  outdoors  after  the  weather  becomes  genial  at  the  end  of 
April  or  early  in  May.  It  is  well  to  bear  in  mind  that  Lilacs  do  not 
answer  well  for  forcing  two  years  in  succession,  consequently  two 
batches  should  be  kept,  one  to  remain  in  the  ground  outside  while  the 
other  is  being  forced.  In  such  case  it  is  usual  to  cut  back  the  growths 
after  flowering  to  within  2  inches  of  the  starting  point  of  the  previous 
year.  This  results  in  sturdy  new  growths  made  under  favourable 
conditions  of  sunshine,  and  the  plants  in  the  following  year  will  form 
growths  usually  well  set  with  flower  buds,  and  be  suitable  for  forcing 
the  following  winter. 
Vine  Leaves  Affected  with  Spots  on  Under  Side  (/.  J.). — The  leaves 
are  what  is  known  as  warted,  the  waris,  or  spots,  being  merely  small 
excrescences  that  form  on  the  back  of  the  leaves,  at  first  green  but 
afterwards  turning  brown  or  black.  They  are  regarded  as  due  to  a 
sort  of  extravasation  of  sap  through  the  skin  of  the  leaf,  but  are  really 
due  to  the  enlargement  abnormally  of  the  cells  adjacent  to  the  stomata, 
respiration  being  interfered  with,  and  the  leaves  consequently  injuri¬ 
ously  affected.  They  certainly  are  the  outcome  of  ill-health  on  the  part 
of  the  Vine,  most  commonly  induced  by  a  too  close  atmosphere  saturated 
with  moisture.  This  appears  the  treatment  to  whioh  the  Vines  have 
been  subjected,  and  for  which  you  are  certainly  not  responsible,  but 
commendably  are  having  recourse  to  a  more  suitable  regime.  Yet  a 
Vine  badly  affected  by  warting  is  a  long  time  in  recovering ;  indeed, 
cannot  do  so  fully  until  new  growths  are  produced  in  the  following  year. 
The  warting,  however,  unless  very  excessive,  do  not  materially  prejudice 
the  perfecting  of  the  current  crop  of  Grapes  nor  the  formation  of 
good  buds  for  another  season,  and  the  wood  matures  well.  The  Vines, 
however,  appear  in  a  bad  state  at  the  roots,  the  border  being  low,  close, 
and  wet,  hence  there  is  nothing  to  wonder  at  in  the  leaves  flagging 
considerably  at  an  earlier  stage  after  an  hour’s  sunshine,  inasmuch  as 
many  root  fibres  are  quite  lifeless,  therefore  sufficient  water  and 
nutrient  matter  is  not  supplied  by  the  roots  to  meet  the  requirements 
of  the  leaves  for  evaporation  and  elaboration.  It  will  probably  be 
necessary  to  lift  the  Vines  and  give  them  the  advantage  of  a  raised 
and  properly  constructed  border  to  attain  good  results. 
Names  of  Plants  ( C .  TV.). — The  bloom  is  that  of  a  well  coloured 
Dendrobium  nobile,  though  nothing  out  of  the  common  ;  always  willing 
to  help  you.  (Aspirant). — 1,  Oxalis  cernua  ;  2,  O.  c.  fl.-pl. ;  we  should 
be  pleased  to  receive  the  notes  you  suggest.  (A.  L.). — 1,  Chionodoxa 
Lucilisfi  grandiflora  ;  2,  Narcissus  Johnstoni  Queen  of  Spain.  (Albert 
Hayes). —  1,  Dendrobium  atro-violaceum ;  2,  Streptosolen  Jamesoni  ;  3, 
Primula  rosea ;  4,  P.  Sieboldi  var.  (R.  A.,  Ripley). — Narcissus  inoom- 
parabilis  Cynosure. 
*  Next  Week’s  Events. 
Tuesday,  April  16th. — Brighton  and  Sussex  Horticultural  Society’s 
Spring  Show  (two  days) ;  Croydon  and  District  Horticultural 
Mutual  Improvement  Society,  paper  on  “  Cypripediums  ”  by  Mr. 
H.  J.  Chapman. 
Covent  Garden  market. — April  lOtli. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Fruit. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
e.  d. 
8.  d. 
Apples,  cooking,  bush.  ... 
5  0  to  7  0 
Lemons,  Messinas,  case 
9  0  tol2  0- 
,,  Californian,  case 
10  0 
12  0 
Oranges,  case . 
15  0 
25  O' 
Cobnuts,  doz.  lb.,  best  ... 
6  0 
0  0 
Pears,  ^  case  . 
14  0 
16  0 
Grapes,  black . 
2  0 
3  0 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
2  6 
4  6 
„  Dutch,  lb . 
1  6 
2  0 
Average  Wholesale 
Prices. — Vegetables. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
8.  d. 
s.  d- 
Artichokes,  green, doz.  ... 
2  Oto 3  0 
Horseradish,  bnch . 
1  2  to  1  6 
„  Jerusalem,  sieve 
1  6 
0  0 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
0  1* 
0  2. 
Asparagus  (Sprue  Grass) 
0  0 
10 
Lettuce,  doz.  French  ... 
1  0 
1  4 
„  English,  100  ... 
4  0 
4  6 
Mushrooms,  forced, lb.  ... 
0  8 
0  9 
„  Giant,  bundle  ... 
15  0 
20  0 
Mustard  and  Cress,  pnnt. 
0  2 
0  0 
„  Spanish,  bundle . 
1  9 
2  0 
Onions,  Dutch,  bag 
5  0 
0  0 
„  Paris  Green 
5  0 
6  0 
,,  English,  cwt.  ... 
5  0 
0  0 
Batavia,  doz  . 
2  0 
0  0 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs. 
2  0 
3  0 
Beans,  French,  per  lb.  ... 
1  0 
1  2 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
3  0 
7  0 
„  Jersey,  per  lb.  ... 
2  0 
0  0 
„  New  Jersey,  lb 
0  5 
0  6 
Beet,  red,  doz . 
0  6 
0  0 
Radishes,  doz  . 
0  9 
1  0 
Broccoli,  bush . 
0  0 
1  0 
Rhubarb,  doz . 
1  5 
1  9 
Brussels  Sprouts,  sieve... 
1  0 
2  0 
Savoys,  tally  . 
4  0 
5  0 
Cabbages,  tally  . 
3  0 
5  0 
Scotch  Kale, per  bushel... 
0  6 
1  0 
Carrots,  doz.  bnch . 
2  0 
3  0 
Seakale,  best,  doz . 
14  0 
18  0 
Cauliflowers,  doz . 
1  6 
3  0 
„  2nd, doz . 
6  0 
8  0 
Celery,  bundle . 
1  0 
1  9 
Shallots,  lb . 
0  4 
0  0 
Chicory,  Belgian,  lb 
0  4 
0  0 
Spinach,  bush . 
4  0 
5  0 
Corn  Salad,  strike . 
1  0 
1  3 
Tomatoes,  Canary,  case 
4  0 
4  6 
Cucumbers,  doz . 
3  0 
5  0 
Turnips,  doz . 
2  0 
3  0 
Endive,  doz  . 
1  3 
2  0 
Turnip  tops  . 
0  9 
1  0 
Greens,  bush . 
1  0 
1  6 
Watercress,  doz  . 
0  6 
0  8 
Herbs,  bunch  . 
0  2 
0  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Plants  in  Pots 
Acacias,  var.,  doz.  ... 
Acers,  doz . 
Aralias,  doz . 
Araucaria,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
Azaleas,  various,  each 
Boronias,  doz . 
Cinerarias,  doz. 
Crotons,  doz . 
Cyclamen,  doz. 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz. 
Dracaena,  viridis,  doz. 
Erica,  various,  doz. 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
s. 
d. 
8.  < 
i. 
12 
OtolS 
0 
12 
0 
24 
0 
5 
0 
12 
0 
21 
0 
30 
0 
18 
0 
36 
0 
15 
0 
20 
0 
2 
6 
5 
0 
20 
0 
24 
0 
6 
0 
8 
0 
18 
0 
30 
0 
8 
0 
10 
0 
12 
0 
30 
0 
9 
0 
18 
0 
8 
0 
18 
0 
6 
0 
18 
0 
4 
0 
18 
0 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
Ferns,  var.,  doz . 4  Oto  18  O' 
„  small,  100  10  0  16  0 
Ficus  elastica,  each  ...  10  7  6 
Foliage  plants,  var.,  each  10  5  0 
Genistas,  doz .  8  0  12  0 
Geraniums,  scarlet,  doz.  6  0  10  0 
,,  pink,  doz.  ...  8  0  10  0 
Hyacinths,  doz .  6  0  12  0 
Hydrangeas,  white,  doz.  18  0  24  0 
,,  pink,  doz .  18  0  24  0 
Lycopodiums,  doz .  3  0  4  0 
Marguerite  Daisy,  doz....  8  0  10  0 
Mignonette,  doz .  6  0  9  0 
Myrtles,  doz .  6  0  9  0 
Palms,  in  var.,  doz.  ...  15  0  30  0 
„  specimens  .  21  0  63  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Cut  Flowers. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
I. 
Arums,  doz . 
5 
0  to  6 
0 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Azalea,  doz.  bnchs. 
5 
0 
6 
0 
Camellias,  white,  doz.  ... 
2 
6 
3 
0 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Cattleyas,  doz . 
10 
0 
16 
0 
Daffodils,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
2 
0 
8 
0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Freesia,  doz.  bnchs. 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Gardenias,  doz.  .’ . 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bunches . 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Hyacinths,  doz.  bnchs — 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Lilium  lancifolium  album 
3 
0 
5 
0 
„  „  rubrum 
3 
0 
5 
0 
„  longiflorum . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Lilac,  white,  bunch, 
3 
0 
5 
0 
Lily  of  the  Valley, 12  bnchs. 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
bunches . 
4 
0 
8 
0 
Marguerites,  white,  doz. 
0 
bnchs . 
3 
0 
4 
,,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Mignonette,  English,  doz. 
j  Mimosas,  bnch . 
Narcissus  Ornatus,  doz. 
„  Campernelle  „ 
„  Soliel  d’Or  „ 
Odontoglossums  . 
Primroses,  yellow,  doz.... 
Roses,  Niphetos,  white, 
doz . 
„  yellow,  doz.  (Perles) 
,,  red,  doz . 
„  Catherine  Mermet, 
doz . 
Smilax,  bunch . 
Spirsea,  doz.  bnchs . 
Stock,  white,  doz.  bnchs. 
Tulips,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs. 
„  white  „  „ 
,,  red  .  ,,  ,, 
Violets,  single, doz. bnchs. 
„  double,  doz. bnchs 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
6  0  to  9  0 
10  0  0 
4  0  6  0 
10  16 
10  16 
4  0  5  0 
10  16 
10  3  0 
2  0  4  0 
2  0  3  0 
3  0  5  0 
3  0  4  0 
6  0  8  0 
2  0  2  6 
9  0  12  0 
10  0  12  0 
6  0  8  0 
0  9  10 
16  2  6 
16  2  0 
Trade  Catalogue  Received, 
Edward  Gillett,  Southwick  Nurseries,  Smithwick,  Mass  ,  U.S.A .  —  Hardy 
Ferns  and  Flowers  ;  Shrubs,  Roses,  Sfc. 
- - - 
Phenological 
April  12th— 18th. 
Fri.  12  Song  thrush  lays. 
Sat.  13  Stock  dove  lays. 
Sun.  14  Redbreast  hatches. 
Mon. 15  Willow  warbler  heard 
Tu.  16  Blackcap  heard 
Wed. 17  Frog  tadpoles  hatch 
Thr.  18  Marsh  titmouse  note  ceases. 
Observations. 
Plants  dedicated  to  each  day. 
Thick-leaved  Saxifraga(Megaaea) 
Green  Narcissus  (Double  “  Tele- 
monius.”) 
Borage. 
Green  Stitchwort. 
Wild  Tulip. 
Friar’s  Cowl  Arum. 
Old  “  Musk  Narcissus.” 
