April  18,  1901. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER . 
333 
trees  growing  by, the  river  Ou6e  at  Olney  in  North  Bucks,  where  I 
recently  observed  that  this  diseased  condition  was  common  to  the  Ash 
trees  growing  along  the  valley  of  the  Ouse ;  in  some  cases  only  slightly, 
in  others  the  trees  were  thickly  covered  with  the  ‘fasciated’  clusters. 
It  did  not  appear  that  the  trees  were  in  any  way  stunted  or  affected  by 
the  disease  ;  but  as  the  result  is  to  prevent  the  development  of  seed,  it 
may  be  that  the  vegetative  processes  are  stimulated  by  the  partial  and 
abnormal  suppression  of  the  reproductive  functions.” 
Masdevallia ,  sp. — Mr.  Chapman  brought  the  following  species,  upon 
which  Mr.  Rendle  reports  as  follows  : — Masdevallia  Lowi,  Rolfe,  in 
“  Gardeners’  Chronicle,”  1890,  i.  416,  is  said  by  Miss  Woodward,  in  her 
monograph  of  the  genus,  on  Consul  Lehmann’s  authority — “  who  has 
had  the  advantage  of  examining  Prof.  Reichenbach’s  dried  specimens  ” 
— to  be  the  same  as  M.  trinema,  Reichenb.  /.,  in  “Flora,”  1886,538. 
As  M.  Lowi  was  not  described  till  after  Prof.  Reichenbach’s  death, 
when  his  dried  specimens  were  no  longer  to  be  consulted,  Consul 
Lehmann’s  opinion  would  seem  to  be  based  on  memory.  A  comparison 
of  the  flower  of  M.  Lowi  with  the  description  of  M.  trinema  suggests 
that  Mr.  Rolfe  was  justified  in  regarding  his  plant  as  a  distinct  species. 
The  sepal  tails  of  M.  trinema  are  said  to  be  much  longer  than  the 
tiiangular  bodies,  whereas  in  Lowi  they  seem  to  be  always  markedly 
shorter.  The  bidentate  tip  of  the  column  marks  another  discrepancy, 
that  of  Lowi  bearing  several  fimbriations.  Moreover,  Reichenbach’s 
statement  that  the  dimensions  of  M.  trinema  are  those  of  his 
M.  Gaskelliana  points  to  a  smaller  flower  than  that  of  M.  Lowi. 
Cypripedium  with  tioo  lips. — He  also  showed  this  not  uncommon 
phenomenon.  As  the  flower  had  three  sepals  and  two  petals  beside 
the  lips,  the  result  had  occurred  in  consequence  of,  or  in  correlation 
with,  a  bifurcation  of  the  axial  cord  belonging  to  the  lip.  This  was 
borne  out  by  a  dissection  of  the  flower. 
Poterium  spinosum. — Mr.  Saunders  exhibited  a  plant  of  this  species 
covered  with  spiny  branches  and  minute  leaves  with  inrolled  margins. 
These  features  are  very  characteristic  of  many  plants  growing  in  deserts 
and  other  excessively  dry  localities.  It  is  native  of  Palestine,  &c. 
Epidendrum  hybrids. — Mr.  Veitch  exhibited  and  described  the 
following  new  hybrids : — B.  Wallisi  X  E.  Endresi  =  E.  Endresio- 
Wallisi.  This  hybrid  X  E.  Wallisi  =  E.  elegantulum,  E.  Wallisi  X 
E.  elegantulum  =  E.  Clarissa.  E.  Wallisi  grows  to  a  height  of  5  or 
6  feet,  whereas  E.  Endresi  is  not  more  than  about  1  foot  in  height. 
The  first  hybrid  was  about  2  feet  in  height;  the  second,  E.  elegantulum, 
grows  3  to  4  feet.  There  are  many  varieties  among  the  Clarissa 
progeny,  one  being  very  much  finer  than  all  the  rest,  called  C.  superba. 
E.  Endresi  is  a  native  of  Costa  Rica,  and  E.  Wallisi  of  New  Grenada. 
The  hybrids  partook  more  of  the  flower  of  E.  Endresi  than  of  E.  Wallisi, 
which  was  a  much  larger  blossom  than  the  former. 
Peduncles  of  Grapes  becoming  tendrils. — Mr.  Hudson  exhibited  some 
specimens  from  a  vinery  in  which  the  whole  crop  had  degenerated 
into  quasi  tendrils,  but  bearing  small  groups  of  buds  upon  them.  It  is 
well  known  that  peduncles  and  tendrils  are  homologous  in  the  Vine, 
and  therefore  interchangeable.  The  cause  was  presumably  an  arrested 
growth  by  excessive  chill,  as  the  roots  were  said  to  be  healthy. 
Fasciated  stems. — Mr.  Burbidge  sent  a  series  of  examples  of  this 
peculiarity,  remarking  upon  a  branch  of  Cotoneaster  microphylla,  which 
had  the  buds  continually  rubbing  on  a  roof,  that  this  irritation 
possibly  caused  the  fasoiation,  adding — “  I  am  led,  after  considerable 
observation,  to  believe  that  irritation  of,  or  injury  to  the  normal 
terminal  or  lateral  buds,  whether  by  friction,  insects,  or  other  causes, 
is  at  the  bottom  of  the  phenomenon.”  He  adds,  “  That  besides  being 
hereditary  by  seeds  in  the  Cockscomb,  the  ‘  Stag’s-horn  ’  Ash — a 
fasciated  condition — can  be  perpetuated  by  grafting.”  Mr.  O’Brien 
referred  to  his  experience  that  Ferns  standing  near  an  entrance  of  a 
conservatory,  and  continually  “  brushed  ”  by  passers,  become  more 
or  less  fasciated  and  crested.  Mr.  Druery  mentioned  how  Ferns  if 
tripinnate  became  crested  in  each  degree.  Mr.  Hudson  observed, 
that  of  some  Water  Lilies  whioh  produced  fasciated  stems,  portions  of 
the  rhizomes  were  transferred  to  Kew ;  they  also  produced  them  there, 
showing  that  fasoiation  may  be  an  acquired  habit,  and  transmitted 
either  by  the  vegetative  or  reproductive  organs. 
Fasciation  and  allied  phenomena. — Mr.  Henslow  explained  how 
fasoiation  arose  from  a  continual  bifurcation  of  the  fibro-vascular 
bundles  of  the  stem  without  forming  cylinders  for  axillary  buds.  A 
similar  cause  gave  rise  to  “  multifold  ”  flowers  as  distinot  from 
“  synanthic.”  It  also  applied  to  fimbriated  and  crested  flowers,  as  well 
as  multifold  axes  in  Pears  and  carpels  in  Tomatoes.  Being  an 
“  affection  ”  it  would  be  hereditary,  as  in  the  Tomato  and  the 
campanulate  terminal  flowers  of  Foxgloves.  (Further  details  will 
appear  in  the  paper  to  be  published  in  full  in  the  Journal  R.H.S.). 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  of  Aberdeen. 
A  meeting  of  the  directors  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  of 
Aberdeen  was  held  on  Friday,  the  12th  inst.,  in  the  offioe  of  the 
secretary,  Mr.  J.  B.  Bennett,  advocate.  An  address  was  drawn  up  to 
be  presented  to  the  King.  This  was  to  be  signed  by  the  chairman  and 
by  the  secretary,  and  be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  for  Scotland  for 
presentation.  Arrangements  were  thereafter  made  for  this  year’s 
exhibition,  and  judges  were  appointed  for  the  various  divisions  of 
flowers,  fruit,  and  vegetables. 
Hanley  Horticultural  Fete. 
The  statement  of  accounts  of  the  horticultural  fete  held  in  Hanley 
Park  last  July  was  published  recently.  The  balance  in  hand  on 
April  1st,  1900,  was  £971  5s.  9d.  The  receipts,  besides  the  balance, 
amounted  to  £2661  Os.  Id.,  making  a  total  of  £3632  5s.  lOd.  The 
principal  items  of  receipts  were — Subscriptions,  £170  8s. ;  ground 
lettings,  £534  4s.  2d  ;  gate  receipts,  £1363  15s.  lOd. ;  sales  of  tickets 
prior  to  the  fete,  £323  4s.  lid.  The  expenditure  was  £1956  16s.  6d., 
leaving  a  balance  in  hand  of  £1675  9s.  4d.  A  special  meeting  of  the 
Town  Council  to  confer  with  the  General  Committee  (consisting  of  the 
whole  of  the  members  of  the  Council  and  other  gentlemen  who  are  not 
on  the  Council)  was  also  held,  when  the  Mayor  (Mr.  G.  Ellis)  presided. 
Mr.  W.  Poulson,  the  newly-appointed  general  secretary,  read  the 
minutes  of  the  various  sub-committees  who  are  arranging  for  the  next 
fete  in  July.  Mr.  Joseph  Kent  read  the  minutes  of  the  Horticultural 
Committee,  and  Mr.  A.  Kent  read  a  report  respecting  the  children’s 
section. 
Shropshire  Horticultural  Society’s  Spring  Show. 
This  annual  show  was  held  in  the  Music  Hall  at  Shrewsbury  on 
April  10th,  and  was  favoured  with  the  first  spring-like  weather  the 
locality  has  this  season  enjoyed.  The  attendance,  as  is  always  the 
case,  was  very  large,  the  spacious  hall  being  at  times  very  unpleasantly 
packed.  The  display  was,  in  all  the  chief  aspects,  a  decided  improve¬ 
ment  upon  that  of  last  year.  The  Azaleas  were  in  much  better  bloom 
than  last  year.  The  collection  of  twelve  plants  was  far  in  advance  of 
it,  and  there  was  an  excellent  display  of  Narcissus,  both  for  competition 
and  for  exhibition  only.  Some  unnamed  seedlings,  exhibited  by  Messrs. 
Barr  &  Sons,  Covent  Garden,  included  some  unique  and  very  pretty 
new  varieties,  which  are  sure  to  become  popular.  The  local  nurserymen 
made  nice  displays.  Mr.  E.  Murrell’s  collection  was  conspicuous  for 
Azaleas,  Messrs.  Jones  &  Sons’  for  Narcissus,  and  they  took  two  first 
prizes  for  bouquets.  Mr.  A.  Myers  showed  a  grand  lot  of  scarlet 
Pelargoniums,  and  Messrs.  Pritchard  &  Sons,  in  a  very  large  collection, 
had  a  nice  lot  of  Heaths  and  Japanese  Maples.  Messrs.  Dickson  and 
Sons,  Chester,  had  a  very  fine  display  of  Narcissus.  The  judges  were 
Mr.  Blair  (Trentham)  and  Mr.  Lambert  (Powis  Castle). 
Annual  Report  of  the  National  Chrysanthemum  Society. 
The  annual  report,  at  least  the  gist  of  which  has  already  appeared 
in  the  horticultural  press,  has  now  been  published  in  the  usual  form  by 
the  N.C.S.  The  list  of  varieties,  drawn  up  by  the  Classification 
Committee,  and  placed  by  this  body  in  their  proper  section,  is  also 
embodied.  The  new  varieties  that  received  awards  during  the  last 
season,  and  the  “  too-much-alike”  sorts,  are  tabulated.  The  date  of 
the  annual  outing  to  Downside,  Leatherhead,  does  not  seem  to  be 
definitely  fixed  yet,  but  it  is  announced  to  take  place  early  in  July. 
The  dates  of  the  autumn  (and  winter)  shows  of  the  National  Chrys¬ 
anthemum  Society  and  its  affiliated  supporters  are  printed,  and  these 
will  be  found  included  in  our  own  list  of  fixtures  on  a  back  page. 
Special  prizes  (with  a  first  of  £10)  are  offered  for  six  vases  of  incurved 
blooms,  distinct,  five  blooms  of  each.  Other  special  prizes  for  the 
incurved  blooms  are  offered.  The  great  vase  class  is  again  to  be  one  of 
the  chief  features  of  the  autumn  competition  and  fete,  while  Mr. 
Waterer’s  challenge  cups  in  the  amateurs’  section  are  again  to  be 
competed  for.  We  could  wish  to  see  a  greater  turn-out  of  exhibitors  in 
the  cup  classes,  and  a  considerable  amount  of  better  taste  and  skill 
ought  to  be  displayed  in  amateurs’  arrangements  of  flowers  than  has 
been  the  case  in  past  endeavours.  Mr.  R.  Dean,  Y.M.H.,  42,  Ranelagh 
Road,  Ealing,  W.,  is  secretary. 
W  akefleld  Paxton  Society. 
A  characteristic  lecture  on  the  “  Old  Gardeners  and  the  New  ”  was 
delivered  by  Mr.  H.  Hazell  of  St.  John’s,  before  the  members  of  the 
above  society,  on  Saturday  evening.  The  lecturer  at  the  outset  pointed 
out  that  the  house  and  the  garden  should  be  considered  as  one.  The 
old  Englishman  dearly  loved  an  enclosed  garden  surrounded  by  hedges 
of  Beeches  or  Yew,  all  well  cut  and  trimmed.  There  was  plenty  of  room 
for  improvement  in  the  old  gardens ;  but  fine  old  gardens  are  often 
pulled  to  pieces  just  to  suit  the  whims  of  the  clever  people.  Still,  every 
period  of  gardening  had  its  good  and  bad  points.  The  old  garden,  for 
instance,  had  always  a  good  wall  round  it ;  often  a  flue  ran  round  it, 
and  an  overhanging  coping  stone  on  which  could  be  hung  nets  or  mats 
for  the  protection  of  the  trees.  The  garden  was  laid  out  in  squares 
with  a  trellis  round  each,  and  on  those  all  kinds  of  fruit  trees  were 
trained.  A  hedge  also  ran  across  each  square  to  break  the  wind.  The 
garden  was  cropped  in  rotation,  two  crops  never  being  put  on  in 
succession.  The  old  gardener  must  have  his  garden  dug  properly ;  no 
3  inch  spades  for  him,  and  no  standing  back  in  a  slanting  position  to 
ease  the  back.  He  used  real  manure  well  turned  over,  and  cut  out  like 
butter;  none  of  your  chemical  manure  for  Old  John.  Woe  betide  the 
knife  that  dare  out  one  of  his  flowers.  His  Chrysanthemums  were 
placed  in  Small  pots  to  keep  them  from  growing  too  tall,  and  they  were 
■towed  away  in  some  shady  corner  to  save  watering.  Old  John  was 
quite  an  autocrat ;  no  one  dare  suggest  that  he  oould  ever  make  a 
mistake.  The  architect  now  expects  the  gardener  to  fill  up  all  the 
nooks  he  was  himself  fast  with,  the  conservatory  being  made  to  match 
the  house,  not  one  in  which  to  grow  plants.  Now  there  were  no  fine 
avenues  of  trees  to  add  beauty  to  the  landscape  ;  no  grass  walks  with 
herbaoeous  borders  on  each  side ;  no  winding  walks  leading  to  the  lake. 
