May  9,  1901. 
JOURNAL  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  COTTAGE  GARDENER . 
403 
essential  for  infection.  This  effected,  then  the  damp  occasioned  by  the 
wet  subsoil  would  facilitate  the  fungoid  growth,  and  also  accelerate  the 
decay  of  the  bulbs,  through  the  moisture  present  and  needful  for 
putrefaction,  or  induced  or  promoted  by  bacterial  influence.  Sometimes 
the  disease  already  exists  in  the  bulbs  when  reoeived,  and  only  moisture 
or  planting  of  the  bulbs  is  needful  for  its  development,  or  rather  that 
of  the  parasite.  This  attack  is  almost  invariably  at  the  neck  or  top  of 
the  bulb,  hence  this  rots  inside  and  the  growth  is  destroyed. 
Pitcher  Plant  (Pitcher). — A  Pitcher  Plant  (Nepenthes)  does  not 
count  as  a  flowering  plant  for  exhibition. 
Agency  ( H .  Son,  Guernsey). — Your  business  will  receive  our  early 
attention. 
English  Arboricultural  Society. — The  address  is  Mr.  J.  Davidson, 
Estate  Office,  Haydon  Bridge,  Northumberland. 
Primula  Marie  Crousse  (Totnes). — We  believe  your  variety  to  be  the 
true  Marie  Crousse,  and  the  other  is  probably  a  sport  from  it. 
Cow  Parsley  ( F .  Jones). — The  plant  you  name  is  more  generally 
known  under  the  English  name  of  Cow  Parsnip ;  and  botanically  as 
Heracleum  giganteum.  We  have  exterminated  the  plant  by  the  simple 
process  you  suggest,  that  is,  cutting  down  the  plants  before  they  can 
seed.  It  is,  however,  a  handsome  shrubbery  plant. 
Strawberry-Raspberry  ( F .  Jones). — The  plant  is  of  Japanese  origin, 
and  has  handsome  enough  fruits,  good  for  jam-making  we  believe. 
It  is  a  true  cross.  Most  of  the  large  fruit  growers  or  nurserymen  in 
general  catalogue  and  describe  this  novelty.  If  you  wish  a  particular 
address  to  whom  to  write,  we  can  supply  you ;  but  we  do  not  care  to 
specialise  any  particular  firm. 
Greengage  Tomato  ( E .  A.  P.). — This  variety  was  raised  somewhere 
approaching  twenty  years  ago  by  Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.  It  is  of  fair 
good  flavour,  but  think  nothing  more  of  the  Greengage  flavour.  Tastes 
differ,  and  the  colour  of  Tomatoes  is  no  strict  criterion  to  their  eating 
qualities.  Personally,  we  like  the  little  yellow  Golden  Nugget  sent  out 
by  the  Reading  firm.  Tomatoes  are  health-giving  fruits  to  eat,  though 
a  taste  has  generally  to  be  acquired.  Much  of  the  foreign  stuff  is 
certainly  insipid. 
Paris  Green  ( J .  F.). — Yes,  this  artiole  is  sold  as  Emerald  green, 
Paris  green,  and  Schweinfurth  green,  and  are  different  names  for  the 
same  thing.  The  first  name  is  English,  and  is  the  one  used  in  most  of 
our  colonies,  India,  and  China ;  the  second  is  the  American  term  ;  the 
third  only  used  in  Germany,  and  by  German  traders.  It  is  a  double 
salt  of  arsenite  and  copper  ;  in  other  words,  an  aceto-arsenite  of  copper, 
and  has  the  following  composition  : 
Copper 
Arsenic 
Oxygen  . 
Hydrogen  , 
Carbon 
.  32T1  per  cent. 
.  28-56 
.  32-48  „ 
.  0-76  „ 
6-09 
100-000 
Paris  green  is  a  dangerous  poison,  and  should  be  kept  out  of  the  way  of 
children  and  careless  persons.  Workers  with  the  powder  should  not 
allow  it  to  settle  in  any  pore  or  crack  in  the  skin  of  the  hands,  nor  stir 
it  about  unnecessarily  with  the  hands,  and  they  should  be  very  careful 
not  to  breathe  in  the  powder  through  mouth  or  nose  whilst  measuring 
or  mixing  it.  For  this  reason  Paris  green  is  prepared  and  sold  in  paste 
form,  and  any  chemist  should  be  able  to  supply  the  article  in  powder  or 
paste  to  order,  or  may  be  had  from  the  manufacturers,  Messrs.  Blundell 
and  Spence,  Hull. 
Names  of  Fruit  ( Allan  Reid). — 1,  Gulden  Knob  ;  2,  Claygate  Pear- 
main  ;  3,  Brownlee’s  Russet. 
Names  of  Plants  (./.  K.  S.). — 1,  Epimedium  rubrnm  ;  2,  E.  sulphurea  ; 
3,  Sanguinaria  canadensis,  the  American  Blood-root,  very  beautiful. 
(A.  F.). —  1,  Mertensia  pulmonarioides ;  2,  Arnebia  echioides ;  3,  Pulmo- 
naria  officinalis  ;  4,  P.  o.  alba.  (  Arthur  Beggs). — Primula  rosea  grandi- 
flora,  one  of  the  finest  of  early  spring  flowers.  ( B .  A.). — 1,  Cardamine 
pinnata,  also  named  Dentaria  digitata  in  some  nurseries  and  gardens ; 
2,  Erysimum  nanum  var.  Golden  Gem.  (F.). — 1,  Berberis  Darwini; 
2,  Scilla  italioa ;  3,  Ranunculus  aconitifolius ;  4,  Amelanchier  cana¬ 
densis.  ( G .  H.  R.). — 1,  Collinsia  bicolor  ;  2,  Adiantum  tenerum. 
(  W.  Morris). — I,  Kerria  japonica  fi.pl.;  2,  Acalypha  Macafeeana ; 
3,  Gardenia  citriodora.  (A.  B.,  Glasgow). — Amelanchier  canadensis. 
(A.  B.). — By  post.  ( A .  P.). —  1,  Saxifraga  cordifolia  ;  2,  Spiraea 
prunifolia  fl.pl.  ;  3,  Dicentra  eximia  ;  4,  Arabia  albida. 
Covent  Garden  market. — B(ay  8tli. 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Plants  In  Pots 
Acacias,  var.,  doz.  ... 
Acers,  doz . 
Aralias,  doz . 
Araucaria,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  doz. 
Aspidistra,  specimen 
Azaleas,  various,  each 
Boronias,  doz . 
Cinerarias,  doz. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
s.  d. 
...12  0tol8  0 
Crotons,  doz . 
...  18  0to30  0 
...  12  0 
24  0 
Cyclamen,  doz. 
...  8  0 
10  0 
...  5  0 
12  0 
Dracaena,  var.,  doz. 
...  12  0 
30  0 
...  21  0 
30  0 
Dracaena,  viridis,  doz. 
...  9  0 
18  0 
...  18  0 
36  0 
Erica,  various,  doz. 
...  8  0 
18  0 
...  15  0 
20  0 
Euonymus,  var.,  doz. 
...  6  0 
18  0 
...  2  6 
5  0 
Evergreens,  var.,  doz. 
...  4  0 
18  0 
...  20  0 
...  6  0 
24  0 
8  0 
Ferns,  var.,  doz. 
...  4  0 
18  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Cut  Flowers. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
1. 
Arums,  doz . 
1 
6  to  2 
6 
Asparagus,  Fern,  bunch 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Azalea,  doz.  bnchs. 
4 
0 
5 
0 
Camellias,  white,  doz.  ... 
2 
6 
0 
0 
Carnations,  12  blooms  ... 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Cattleyas,  doz . 
10 
0 
12 
0 
Daffodils,  doz.  bnchs.  ... 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Eucharis,  doz . 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Freesia,  doz.  bnchs. 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Gardenias,  doz . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Geranium,  scarlet,  doz. 
bunches . 
4 
0 
6 
0 
Hyacinths,  doz.  bnchs _ 
8 
0 
0 
0 
Lilium  lancifolium  album 
2 
0 
3 
0 
„  „  rubrum 
3 
0 
5 
0 
„  longiflorum . 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Lilac,  white,  bunch, 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Lily  of  the  V alley, 12  bnchs 
8 
0 
12 
0 
Mignonette,  English,  doz. 
6 
0 
9 
0 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
Maidenhair  Fern,  dozen 
bnchs .  4  0  to  6  O' 
Marguerites,  white,  doz. 
bunches .  30  40 
,,  yellow,  doz.  bnchs.  2  0  3  0 
Narcissus  Ornatus,  doz.  10  16 
Odontoglossums  .  3  0  4  0 
Roses,  Niphetos,  white, 
doz .  10  2  0 
„  yellow,  doz.  (Perles)...  2  0  0  0 
,,  red,  doz .  2  0  0  0 
,,  Catherine  Mermet,doz.  2  0  4  0 
Smilax,  bunch .  30  40 
Spiraea,  doz.  bnchs .  4  0  6  0 
Stock,  white,  doz.  bnchs.  2  0  2  6 
Tulips,  white,  doz.  bnchs.  10  0  12  0 
„  red  „  „  6  0  8  0 
Violets,  single, doz. bnchs.  0  9  10 
„  double,  doz. bnchs  16  2  6 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Fruit. 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
Apples,  cooking,  bush. ...  5  0  to  7  0 
„  Tasmanian,  case  12  0  15  0 
Cobnuts,  doz.  lb.,  best  ...  6  0  0  0 
Grapes,  Hamburgh,  lb. ...  4  6  5  0 
Lemons,  Messinas,  case  9  0  12  0 
Oranges,  case . 
Pears,  A  case  . 
Pines,  St.  Michael’s,  each 
Strawberries,  lb . 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
15  0  to25  0 
9  0  10  0 
2  6  4  6 
3  0  5  0 
Average  Wholesale  Prices. — Vegetables. 
Artichokes,  green, doz.  ... 
,,  Jerusalem,  sieve 
Asparagus  (Sprue  Grass) 
„  English,  100 
,,  Giant,  bundle 
„  Spanish,  bundle 
„  Paris  Green 
Batavia,  doz  ... 
Beans,  French,  lb. 
„  Jersey, lb. 
Beet,  red,  doz. ... 
Broccoli,  bush.... 
Cabbages,  tally 
Carrots,  doz.  bnch. 
Cauliflowers,  doz. 
Chicory,  Belgian,  1 
Corn  Salad,  strike 
Cucumbers,  doz. 
Endive,  doz 
Greens,  bush.  ... 
Herbs,  bunch  ... 
Horseradish,  bnch. 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
2  0  to  3  0 
1  6 
0  0 
8  0 
15  0 
1  0 
1  0 
0  4 
0  0 
10 
9  0 
20  0 
2  0 
8  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
1  3 
4  0 
2  0 
1  6 
0  0 
1  6 
Leeks,  bunch  . 
Lettuce,  doz.  French  ... 
Mushrooms,  forced,  lb.  ... 
Mustard  and  Cress,  pnnt. 
Onions,  Dutch,  bag 
„  English,  cwt.  ... 
Parsley,  doz.  bnchs. 
Potatoes,  cwt . 
„  New  Jersey,  lb 
Radishes,  doz  . 
Rhubarb,  doz . 
Savoys,  tally  . 
Scotch  Kale,  bushel 
Seakale,  best,  doz . 
„  2nd,  doz . 
Shallots,  lb . 
Spinach,  bush . 
Tomatoes,  Canary,  case 
„  English,  lb.  ... 
Turnips,  doz . 
Turnip  tops  . 
Watercress,  doz  . 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
0 
o 
o 
-4-9 
r-f* 
rH 
2 
1 
0 
l 
4 
0 
8 
0 
9 
0 
2 
0 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
3 
0 
7 
0 
0 
5 
0 
6 
0 
9 
1 
0 
1 
0 
1 
3 
4 
0 
5 
0 
0 
6 
1 
0 
14 
0 
16 
0 
6 
0 
8 
0 
0 
4 
0 
0 
4 
0 
5 
0 
4 
0 
4 
6 
1 
0 
1 
3 
2 
0 
3 
0 
0 
9 
1 
0 
0 
6 
0 
8 
Tlje  Profit  from  a  Flock  of  SUeep. 
We  suppose  that  about  half  the  agricultural  area  of  this  country 
is  composed  of  mixed  farms,  i.e.,  rf  farms  in  which  the  arable  poition 
forms  an  appreciable  part.  Taking  the  average  produce  of  the  various 
white  crops,  as  published  in  the  yearly  averages,  and  reckoning  their 
value  at  the  average  price *  of  the  la-t  ten  years,  we  arrive,  roughly 
speaking,  at  a  money  return  of  £5  for  each  acre  of  Corn  produced, 
leaving  the  straw  out  of  calculation.  We  venture  to  assert  that,  even 
under  the  most  favourable  conditions  as  to  rent  and  tenure,  labour,  &c., 
an  acre  of  Corn  cannot  be  produced  for  less  than  £5.  Where,  then, 
does  the  farmer  get  his  living  from  ?  We  know  that  large  numbers 
have  failed,  or  given  farming  up  in  despair  ;  yet  thousands  of  others, 
though  grumbling  about  bad  times,  still  manage  to  keep  their  heads 
above  water.  Of  course  there  are  a  few  districts,  but  very  restricted  in 
area,  where,  on  account  of  the  natural  fertility  of  the  soil,  Wheat  and 
Barley  will  yet  show  a  profit  at  25s.  per  quarter  ;  but  how  about  those 
other  extensive  districts,  where  the  grain  produce  is  below  rather  than 
above  the  national  average  ?  It  must  be  something  other  than  grain 
which  helps  to  make  the  mare  go  in  these  less  favoured  parts.  W  e 
know  that  the  growth  of  Potatoes,  much  more  general  than  it  used  to 
be,  has  been  a  very  useful  help,  where  the  soil  is  suitable  to  the  crop. 
The  growth  of  Carrots  ou  light  sands,  and  Celery  on  black  peat,  have 
also  been  much  extended,  with,  on  the  whole,  beneficial  results  to  the 
cultivator.  But  there  is  still  that  large  proportion  of  the  amble  land 
of  this  country  which  is  either  too  strong  or  too  thin,  too  cold  or  too 
dry,  for  these  aids  to  profitable  culture. 
